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Biomedical subjects

J G Johnson

Publications and source records attributed to J G Johnson.

88 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1966

Biochemical differentiation of the Enterobacteriaceae with the aid of lysine-iron-agar.

A procedure is described for identifying members of the family Enterobacteriaceae isolated from clinical specimens. The methods are based on primary differentiation of the various groups of bacteria by the use of Kligler Iron Agar and lysine-iron-agar. For identification of Salmonella, Shigella, and Arizona group organisms from stools, Triple Sugar Iron Agar and lysine-iron-agar are employed. The usefulness of this schema for diagnostic bacteriology laboratories is discussed. It is not intended to replace methods used in reference or research laboratories.

Culture Media↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alcohol expectancies and changes in beer consumption of first-year college students.

The present study used a prospective design to evaluate the relationship between alcohol expectancies and the progression of beer consumption of first-year college students over a 2-month period. One hundred and fifty-four first-year undergraduate students completed the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire (AEQ; Brown, Goldman, Inn, & Anderson, 1980) and a measure of precollege drinking during their first week of college, and completed a retrospective diary account of alcohol consumption also during the first week and at 1-month and 2-month follow-up. Beer was consumed considerably more frequently than other alcoholic beverages and was used as the dependent measure. The results showed that each AEQ subscale was positively correlated with beer consumption at almost all time points, and the magnitude of these correlations was generally higher for male subjects. Furthermore, the expectancies that alcohol increases social assertiveness and that alcohol is associated with global, positive changes were positively correlated with increases in beer consumption from Session 1 to Session 2 and from Session 1 to Session 3 for male, but not female, subjects. The findings extend previous research by demonstrating that certain alcohol expectancies are related to progressive increases over time in the amount of beer consumed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recurrent major depressive disorder among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and HIV-negative intravenous drug users: findings of a 3-year longitudinal study.

A longitudinal study was conducted to investigate the association between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, history of major depressive disorder (MDD), and persistent or recurrent MDD among intravenous drug users. Psychiatric disorders were assessed in a sample of HIV-positive (HIV+) and HIV-negative (HIV-) intravenous drug users every 6 months for 3 years. Results indicated that HIV status and baseline MDD independently predicted persistent or recurrent episodes of MDD after gender, drug use, ethnicity, income, and the presence other psychiatric disorders were controlled statistically. Among HIV+ intravenous drug users with baseline MDD, 90% experienced at least one subsequent episode of MDD and 47% experienced at least three subsequent episodes of MDD. However, less than 40% of intravenous drug users with current MDD received treatment for emotional problems. These findings indicate that intravenous drug users with HIV infection and a history of MDD are at considerable risk for future episodes of MDD or recurrent MDD, and that increased provision of treatment for intravenous drug users with MDD may be necessary.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Childhood verbal abuse and risk for personality disorders during adolescence and early adulthood.

Data from a community-based longitudinal study were used to investigate whether childhood verbal abuse increases risk for personality disorders (PDs) during adolescence and early adulthood. Psychiatric and psychosocial interviews were administered to a representative community sample of 793 mothers and their offspring from two New York State counties in 1975, 1983, 1985 to 1986, and 1991 to 1993, when the mean ages of the offspring were 5, 14, 16, and 22 years, respectively. Data regarding childhood abuse and neglect were obtained from the psychosocial interviews and from official New York State records. Offspring who experienced maternal verbal abuse during childhood were more than three times as likely as those who did not experience verbal abuse to have borderline, narcissistic, obsessive-compulsive, and paranoid PDs during adolescence or early adulthood. These associations remained significant after offspring temperament, childhood physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, physical punishment during childhood, parental education, parental psychopathology, and co-occurring psychiatric disorders were controlled statistically. In addition, youths who experienced childhood verbal abuse had elevated borderline, narcissistic, paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal PD symptom levels during adolescence and early adulthood after the covariates were accounted for. These findings suggest that childhood verbal abuse may contribute to the development of some types of PDs, independent of offspring temperament, childhood physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, physical punishment during childhood, parental education, parental psychopathology, and co-occurring psychiatric disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hemodynamic and antihypertensive effects of captopril, an orally active angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor.

Captopril inhibits angiotensin II formation and bradykinin degradation in vivo. Eleven patients with essential hypertension (EH) and four patients with renovascular hypertension (RVH) were treated with captopril for periods ranging from 3 days to 12 months. All patients had a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) over 95 mm Hg after receiving a placebo for 3 days. Captopril given in ascending doses (10-1000 mg/day) caused normalization of blood pressure in all but three patients, one with severe RVH whose pressure fell 11%, one patient with severe EH, whose pressure fell 27%, and one with EH whose blood pressure fell 8.5%. The average control DBP in patients with EH was 113.7 +/- 5.5 (SE) mm Hg and fell to 89.9 +/- 3.6 mm Hg (p less than 0.001), while DBP in patients with RVH fell from 110.7 +/- 7.6 mm Hg to 94.5 +/- 8.2 (p less than 0.005). All patients were studied in balance on a 100 mEq sodium (Na) diet. Plasma renin activity (PRA) versus 24-hour urinary Na excretion increased sevenfold during therapy while converting enzyme activity fell by about one half. The magnitude of the blood pressure response was not related to control PRA. Cardiac output was estimated by echocardiography during placebo administration and during maintenance therapy with captopril. A significant change was not observed. Total peripheral resistance fell an average of 18.9% (p less than 0.05) in 11 of the 13 patients in whom the measurement could be made. It is concluded that captopril effectively lowers blood pressure in patients with EH or RHV by reducing total peripheral resistance.

Adult↗