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Biomedical subjects

J G Gow

Publications and source records attributed to J G Gow.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1985

Metabolism of testosterone by human semen.

Following the incubation of human sperm and seminal plasma with 13C2-labelled testosterone, the main metabolite, identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), was 4-androstene-3,17-dione. In addition, 6 alpha- and 6 beta-hydroxytestosterone were identified. The more common metabolites of testosterone were not detected, and it is possible that the high substrate-tissue ratio influenced the result. Incubation of individual sperm and seminal plasma specimens with [14C]testosterone resulted in the identification, by specific activity measurements, of 4-androstene-3,17-dione in almost every specimen but with a widely varying conversion rate. Dihydrotestosterone, which on general grounds was considered a likely metabolite, could not be positively confirmed as such, although in some samples its presence was suspected. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was also used to identify steroids in sperm and seminal plasma extracts. Some, but not all the steroids identified as present in such extracts by other investigators, were found. During the course of this work C18 Sep-Pak cartridges were successfully used to prepare fractions suitable for SP-Sephadex and TEAP-Lipidex chromatography and subsequent analysis by GC-MS. Their use eliminated the need for purification steps otherwise necessary.

Androstenedione↗
PubMed1984

The evolution of modern endoscopic photography.

Most of the problems of endoscopic photography through rigid and flexible instruments have been overcome. Within the not-too-distant future, it should be possible to take good endoscopic photographs through a standard 4-mm telescope using 200-ASA film, light being provided by a high-powered external flash unit transmitting light to the telescope through a liquid-filled light guide. It may, however, be better to suggest a compromise in which operative procedures and urethral photography can be carried out through the 30 degrees, 4-mm diameter telescope, but bladder inspection and photography performed through a 5.5- or 6-mm telescope. The standard set would then become a 0 degrees and 30 degrees, 4-mm diameter telescope, and a 70 degrees larger instrument for bladder photography and inspection.

Color↗
PubMed1984

The management of genito-urinary tuberculosis--a review.

The problem of genito-urinary tuberculosis particularly for developing countries is stressed. The clinical presentation is outlined and investigations discussed, special mention being made of the importance of the high dose intravenous pyelogram and the limited use of retrograde pyelogram, cystography and arteriography. The most important part of the article is the chemotherapeutic treatment; and the significance of the short course regimen which should now be the standard practice. The reasoning of this method of treatment is discussed and toxicity is briefly mentioned. Surgical treatment is presented within the context of modern short course chemotherapy and is discussed under two headings "Excision of diseased tissue" and "Reconstructive surgery".

Angiography↗
PubMed1984

Genitourinary tuberculosis. A study of 1117 cases over a period of 34 years.

One thousand one hundred and seventeen patients with genitourinary tuberculosis who were treated over a period of 34 years have been reviewed. During this time various regimens of treatment were used and have been evaluated. Emphasis is placed on the results of the group on short-course chemotherapy which has been in use since 1970 and is now standard practice. This group has been carefully studied, as the chemotherapeutic combinations are important to developing countries. The clinical response, sterilisation of urine, urinary reversion, drug toxicity and the place of surgery in relation to modern chemotherapy have been discussed and assessed. They show that the results of short-course chemotherapy are satisfactory and confirm that there is no need to extend chemotherapy beyond 4 months, except in unusual circumstances.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

An examination of blood steroid and gonadotropin concentrations in relation to fertility status and testicular function in men.

Plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL), testosterone (T), and 17 beta-estradiol (E2) have been measured in men complaining of infertility in comparison with men of proven fertility. Subgrouping of patients was achieved on the basis of the presence or absence of sperm in the ejaculate and further by the concentration of sperm or by testicular score. The levels of plasma LH, FSH, PRL, and T were found to be significantly different in the fertile men, compared with both infertile men with sperm in their ejaculates and azoospermic men. There were no significant differences between the groups for E2. There appeared to be an inverse relationship between LH concentrations and sperm count in both fertile and infertile men. FSH levels did not vary significantly in the fertile men in relation to sperm count grouping but were significantly less than those found for the infertile men with sperm. Azoospermic patients with high testicular scores had FSH levels indistinguishable from those of the fertile men. The results are discussed in terms of testicular abnormalities and on the interrelationship between the hormones examined.

Estradiol↗
PubMed1980

Cecocystoplasty for bladder augmentation.

Augmentation of the bladder by cecocystoplasty has been studied in 37 patients during a 15-year period. The indications for an operation were a small contracted bladder secondary to tuberculosis in 31 cases, interstitial cystitis in 5 and carcinoma of the bladder in 1. Results were studied by the assessment of symptomatic improvement, the effect on renal function, urinary tract infection and the postoperative complications. Urodynamic studies also were done on 23 patients with tuberculosis of the renal tract and the results are discussed. Azotemia was not a contraindication to an operation but patients with enuresis or those who have evidence of psychiatric disturbance should be assessed carefully.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Role of nephrectomy in the treatment of non-functioning or very poorly functioning unilateral tuberculous kidney.

We reviewed 300 consecutive cases of genitourinary tuberculosis at Wrightington Hospital from 1961 to 1978. There were 73 patients with non-functioning or poorly functioning kidneys who underwent nephrectomy after at least 6 weeks of intensive chemotherapy with 3 antituberculous drugs. Three of 4 patients with unilateral non-functioning kidneys who did not have a primary nephrectomy had delayed complications. Late complications of in situ non-functioning tuberculous kidneys included draining flank sinuses, abscesses and hypertension. These complications can occur years after completion of chemotherapy, even in sterile organs. The incidence of hypertension in this series was 11.3 per cent. The incidence of hypertension in patients with unilateral non-functioning or poorly functioning tuberculous kidneys was 23.2 per cent (p less than 0.005). Two-thirds of the hypertensive patients with severe unilateral tuberculous nephropathy benefited by a decrease in blood pressure after nephrectomy. Removal of these kidneys does not cause a significant loss of renal function. The perioperative morbidity and mortality of the procedure should be minimal in a generally younger population. It is concluded that primary nephrectomy is an important adjunct in the comprehensive management of the unilateral non-functioning kidney.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Genitourinary tuberculosis: a 7-year review.

Since 1970 short course regimes of chemotherapy have been adopted for the treatment of 87 patients suffering from genitourinary tuberculosis. The response to chemotherapy, the effect of surgery, the importance of hypertension and the relapse rate have been studied. It is concluded that all cases of genitourinary tuberculosis will respond to a short intensive course of chemotherapy, which need not be given for longer than 6 months.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Bladder augmentation--a long-term review.

Fifty-nine patients who had undergone augmentation cystoplasty were studied over a period of 18 years. The indications for the operation were a tuberculous contracted bladder in 51, interstitial cystitis in 7 and carcinoma in 1. The ileum was used in one patient, the colon in 16 and the caecum in 42. The results did not seem to be influenced by the segment of bowel and the long-term results of using the colon as bladder substitute were similar to those achieved by using the caecum. An excellent result has been achieved in 78% of the 49 surviving patients. Operative mortality was 5.1% (3 patients). Contraindications include progressive severe renal failure, enuresis and a history of previous psychiatric disturbance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Tuberculosis: genitourinary tuberculosis.

Genitourinary tuberculosis should be managed on an outpatient basis, patients being seen once a week. The treatment of choice is a short-course regimen comprising 2 months of either three or fours drugs - streptomycin, rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide - followed by isoniazid and rifampicin three times a week for either 2 or 4 months, depending on the severity of the lesion. Patients should be followed-up, normally for one year, and be told to report to their doctors if they have any recurrence of urinary symptoms. However, if they have renal calcification they should be followed-up as for any other case of calcification and seen annually for at least 10 years. Surgery still has an important part to play in the present management. Radical surgery, nearly always nephrectomy or epididymectomy, should be carried out when there are destructive lesions. Reconstructive surgery, mainly the the repair of strictures at the lower end of the ureter and bladder augmentation for a small fibrotic bladder, is frequently required. Both radical and reconstructive surgery should be carried out in the first 2 months of intensive chemotherapy. There is no reason now why all patients should not be able to return to a normal efficient life - free from all association with the disease - not later than 4 months after the start of treatment.

Cystoscopy↗