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J G Goekoop

Publications and source records attributed to J G Goekoop.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Anxious-retarded depression: relation to two-year outcome of major depressive disorder.

BACKGROUND: Anxious-retarded depression is a two-dimensionally defined subcategory of depression derived from DSM-IV melancholia. It is related to increased plasma vasopressin, correlative plasma vasopressin and cortisol levels, and a positive family history. We now explored its relation with outcome. METHODS: Seventy depressed patients were included to follow-up for two years. Outcome was defined by time until full-remission. Cox regression analyses were used to compare anxious-retarded and non-anxious-retarded patients, as well as melancholic and non-melancholic patients. RESULTS: Anxious-retarded depression had poor outcome. LIMITATIONS: The number of patients was relatively small. CONCLUSION: The poor outcome of anxious-retarded depression further supports its validity.

Anxiety↗
PubMed2001

Weak 24-h periodicity of body temperature and increased plasma vasopressin in melancholic depression.

Earlier work has shown that plasma vasopressin levels of depressed patients were higher than those of healthy controls. The aim of the present study was to determine whether plasma vasopressin levels were correlated to parameters of the circadian rhythm. Forty-one patients with major depression and twenty-five controls participated in a case-control design under natural circumstances in a field study to investigate plasma vasopressin levels three times daily, circadian motor activity, and the 24-h periodicity of body temperature for five consecutive 24-h periods. Temperature measurements consisted of at least five, but mostly six or more measurements every 24 h. Twenty-two percent of the patients, but none of the controls lacked 24-h periodicity of body temperature. In melancholic patients increased vasopressin levels in plasma correlated with a weak 24-h periodicity of body temperature. The role of vasopressin is discussed in the light of the present findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Plasma arginine vasopressin and motor activity in major depression.

BACKGROUND: Previously, we found that mean plasma concentrations of arginine vasopressin (AVP), but not of oxytocin (OT), were higher in depressed patients than in healthy controls. Plasma AVP concentrations were positively correlated to clinically rated psychomotor retardation. To further explore this previously reported relation we studied psychomotor retardation by means of an activity monitor, which is a more fine-focused and more objective instrument to analyze motor retardation than a clinical rating scale. METHODS: Plasma AVP and OT concentrations, and day- and nighttime wrist activity were measured in 48 in- and outpatients with major depression and 30 healthy controls during a period of 5 consecutive days and nights. RESULTS: Principal components analysis revealed three components of motor activity: motor activity during wakefulness, motor activity during sleep, and the awake/sleep time ratio. In patients and controls an inverse relationship between plasma AVP concentrations and motor activity during wakefulness was found. Patients with elevated AVP plasma levels showed increased motor activity during sleep. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that high plasma AVP levels are related to the clinical picture of daytime psychomotor retardation and nighttime motor activity in major depression. Mean plasma OT concentrations were not related to measures of motor activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Neuropsychological performance and plasma cortisol, arginine vasopressin and oxytocin in patients with major depression.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to search for the existence of, and define, a possible relationship between performance in neuropsychological tests and baseline concentrations of plasma cortisol, vasopressin and oxytocin in medication-free patients with a major depressive episode. METHODS: Measures of depression and anxiety were obtained and a neuropsychological battery was presented. Blood for neuropeptide analysis was drawn by venepuncture at 8.00, 16.00 and 23.00 h. RESULTS: The melancholic patients performed less well on the neuropsychological battery than did the non-melancholic patients, but these differences could be accounted for by the severity of the illness. Global intellectual functioning was negatively correlated with mean baseline plasma concentrations of cortisol. Patients with high mean plasma vasopressin concentrations remembered more auditory presented words in the delayed recall test and produced more intrusions in the visual word learning list than did patients with low or normal mean plasma vasopressin concentrations. No association was found between neuropsychological performance and plasma concentrations of oxytocin. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the hypothesis that elevated baseline plasma cortisol concentrations are related to cognitive impairment in depressed patients and the hypothesis that the neuropeptide vasopressin independently enhances memory, directly or indirectly through increasing arousal and attention.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Three- to 5-year prospective follow-up of outcome in major depression.

BACKGROUND: A Dutch cohort of predominantly out-patient DSM-III-R major depressive patients was followed for 3 to 5 years after start of treatment in a psycho-neuro-endocrinological prediction study. The study design permitted description of the course of remissions, relapses and recurrences. METHODS: Pharmacological treatment was standardized, psychotherapy was tailored to the needs of the patient, follow-ups were done monthly until 3 years or more after the initial recruitment. RESULTS: After 9 months 49% of the patients had reached full remission and 45% were in partial remission. During the following 3 to 5 years 82% of the patients had reached a period of full remission. Sixteen per cent of the patients needed 2 years or more before full remission. A relapse or recurrence rate of 41% within 5 years was found. Patients with residual symptoms relapsed particularly in the first 4 months after remission, while patients without residual symptoms recurred mainly after 12 months after remission. Previous depressive episodes and psychoticism predicted relapse. Psychomotor retardation at inception predicted a longer time to partial remission. CONCLUSION: In most cases, major depression is a seriously impairing episodic disease. This is also true for a sample of predominantly out-patients treated at a university clinic.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Plasma levels of arginine vasopressin elevated in patients with major depression.

Mentally healthy subjects show increased plasma concentrations of the neuropeptides, arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT), under conditions of stress, but data are lacking about plasma concentrations of AVP and OT in patients with major depression. We thus assessed plasma concentrations of AVP and OT in patients with major depression (n = 52) and healthy controls (n = 37). Mean plasma AVP concentrations were higher in the group of depressed patients than in controls. A subgroup of 16 patients showed very high levels of plasma AVP, but no other feature differentiating this subgroup from the other patients was found. In-patients showed higher plasma AVP levels than out-patients, and melancholic patients had higher plasma AVP levels than did nonmelancholic patients. Plasma AVP levels were slightly related to psychomotor retardation and significantly inversely to neuroticism. Patients' plasma OT concentrations had a wider range than in controls. AVP and AVP-mediated functions may be a factor in the clinical picture of depression, possibly by influencing the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1996

Hypertonic hemolysis in patients with a mood disorder.

Hypertonic hemolysis was increased in patients with a manic episode (n = 6, mean NaCl concentration in mol/L at which 50% of the erythrocytes was hemolyzed (H50) 3.24 +/- 0.10), compared to healthy controls (n = 12, mean H50 3.43 +/- 0.13) (p < or = 0.02) and patients with a nonaffective psychotic disorder (n = 15, mean H50 3.42 +/- 0.18) (p < or = 0.02). Compared to these two control groups, hypertonic hemolysis was decreased in patients with a severe depressive episode (n = 8, mean H50 3.62 +/- 0.19) (p < or = 0.05 and p < or = 0.02, respectively). Within the total depressed patient group, the patients with an increased genetic vulnerability (n = 8, mean H50 3.68 +/- 0.16) showed a decreased hypertonic hemolysis compared to the other depressed patients (n = 14, mean H50 3.40 +/- 0.16) (p < or = 0.002).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Multidimensional hierarchic ordering of psychopathology. Rasch analysis in factor-analytic dimensions.

Both the classification based on independent psychiatric categories as well as the concept of an underlying 1-dimensional hierarchy of syndromes are insufficiently valid. At symptom level we previously found 5 factor-analytical components representing 6 dimensions of psychopathology. Rasch analysis based on the prevalence of signs and symptoms now demonstrates the presence of hierarchic patterns in each of these dimensions. Manic, psychotic and rare neurotic symptoms, being the negative instances of the 1-dimensional hierarchy, contribute to high rates of hierarchic patterns in this multidimensional hierarchic model. Depending on the dimension tested, 5% to 13% of the patterns were nonhierarchic.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1992

Multidimensional ordering of psychopathology. A factor-analytic study using the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale.

The aim of the study was to search for a multidimensional order in the psychopathology of the functional mental disorders in general. A heterogeneous group of 192 patients was investigated by means of a semistructured interview based on the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale. Principal component factor analysis revealed 5 clinically meaningful dimensions interpretable as representing dysregulation of emotion and motivation, perceptual and behavioural disintegration and dysregulation of autonomic functions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The contribution of list length to the absence of the primacy effect in word recall in dementia of the Alzheimer type.

It has repeatedly been demonstrated that patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) show an absence of the primacy effect when asked to recall a list of items. The results of the present study show that the absence of the primacy effect in DAT patients is related to list length but probably in a way that is qualitatively not specific since it follows the same pattern as in normal ageing. It is also demonstrated that DAT patients differ in learning style. It is suggested that this indicates a reduced capacity to maintain controlled processing.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

The interrater reliability of a Dutch version of the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale.

To apply the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS) in the Netherlands we translated the English version into Dutch and examined its interrater reliability. Three patient groups were investigated. Kappa coefficients were generally comparable with those reported in a study of the German version of the CPRS and in a Dutch study measuring the present state by means of the Present State Examination.

Adult↗