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Biomedical subjects

J G Csernansky

Publications and source records attributed to J G Csernansky.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

3[H]-Sulpiride labels mesolimbic non-dopaminergic sites that bind antidepressant drugs.

3[H]-(-)-Sulpiride and 3[H]-spiperone binding was compared in rat amygdala, nucleus accumbens and striatum, using (+/-)-sulpiride to define specific binding. 3[H]-(-)-Sulpiride bound to twice as many sites in amygdala and nucleus accumbens as 3[H]-spiperone. 3[H]-(-)-Sulpiride binding was directed to these additional sites by using 1 microM spiperone to mask dopaminergic binding. The binding of 3[H]-(-)-sulpiride to these sites was high affinity, reversible, Na+-dependent, but not stereospecific. Metoclopramide, tiapride and antidepressant medications, but not other neuroleptics, ADTN, or serotonin displaced 3[H]-(-)-sulpiride binding to these sites. These data suggest that 3[H]-(-)-sulpiride labels mesolimbic sites other than dopamine receptors which may mediate antidepressant effects.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1985

Dopaminergic supersensitivity follows ferric chloride-induced limbic seizures.

Injection of ferric chloride (FC) into the left amygdala of rats produced limbic seizures that lasted at least 3 weeks. In addition, FC-injected animals demonstrated motor impairment, decreased protesting vocalizations, and spontaneous stereotypies during a behavioral examination. An increase in apomorphine-induced stereotypies was also noted, and weekly administration of apomorphine for 3 weeks potentiated the increase in stereotypies produced by FC injection. These behavioral changes were associated with changes in postsynaptic dopamine D2 receptors. In animals injected only with FC, an increase in the [3H]-spiperone Bmax in the left nucleus accumbens and an increase in Kd in the right nucleus accumbens were noted. In FC-injected animals challenged weekly with apomorphine for 3 weeks, increases in the [3H]-spiperone Bmax in both amygdalae, the left nucleus accumbens, and the right nucleus caudatus and increases in Kd in the left amygdala and right nucleus accumbens were noted. Severance of the anterior commissure at the time of FC injection reversed most of these changes in behavior and dopamine receptor binding. Possible mechanisms for these changes are discussed, as well as the implications of these results for research on limbic dysfunction and psychopathology.

Aggression↗
PubMed1985

A comparison between centrifugation and filtration as a means to separate bound and unbound ligand during 3[H]-spiroperidol binding.

A centrifugation method for the separation of bound and unbound ligand during 3[H]-spiroperidol binding in rat brain was compared with the more widely used filtration method. The centrifugation method yielded significantly greater total and specific binding, and lower nonspecific binding, than filtration. Assay reproducibility was also found to be superior when the centrifugation method was used as compared to the filtration binding method. Scatchard plots produced by both methods yielded comparable Kd and Bmax values that were consistent with those previously reported.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Problems in classification of schizophrenics as neuroleptic responders and nonresponders.

The authors review the many clinical and pharmacological factors that affect neuroleptic response and complicate the classification of schizophrenic patients into responders and nonresponders. The subtyping of patients on the basis of "positive" or "negative" symptoms and the presence or absence of brain atrophy may be particularly useful in predicting neuroleptic response. There is also a promising relationship between plasma neuroleptic concentrations and response. The concept of supersensitivity psychosis is introduced as a reason for apparent nonresponse in some patients. In others, neuroleptic responsivity may be inherently variable. The authors make suggestions for future research in neuroleptic response.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Distinct effects of two stresses on the behavioral response to apomorphine.

Isolation and intermittent oscillation produced distinct effects on the subsequent stereotypic response to apomorphine in rats. These effects also differed from the effects of intermittent apomorphine and chronic haloperidol pre-treatment. Varying the frequency of oscillation stress changed the magnitude but not the type of the effect. Thus, different types of stress may effect the dopaminergic neurochemical system uniquely.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Treatment of negative schizophrenic symptoms with alprazolam: a preliminary open-label study.

Eight schizophrenic patients received alprazolam in an open-label protocol. A partial reversal of negative symptoms was noted in six of the eight patients. Also, all eight experienced a decrease in anxiety. Alprazolam in doses of 5 to 7 mg/day yielded steady state plasma levels of 6 to 64 ng/ml. As the drug was well tolerated at these doses and as negative symptoms of schizophrenia are difficult to treat, a double-blind, controlled trial of alprazolam is underway to test more rigorously these preliminary results.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Dopaminergic supersensitivity at distant sites following induced epileptic foci.

Injection of ferric chloride (FeCl3) into the left amygdaloid nucleus of the rat produced partial complex seizures. Subsequent repeated apomorphine challenges revealed steady development of behavioral dopaminergic supersensitivity, above that observed in saline-injected controls. The behavioral supersensitivity observed in FeCl3-injected animals was accompanied by increases in 3H-spiroperidol binding in contralateral amygdala, striatum and ipsilateral nucleus accumbens. In contrast, saline-injected controls demonstrated bilateral decreases in 3H-spiroperidol binding in amygdala and striatum. The effects of FeCl3 injection on the behavioral dopaminergic supersensitivity and 3H-spiroperidol binding were eliminated when the anterior commissure was severed.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1983

Serum neuroleptic activity, prolactin, and tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenic outpatients.

The authors measured serum neuroleptic activity and serum prolactin levels in 26 schizophrenic outpatients on prolonged neuroleptic therapy. Of the 24 patients, 11 had moderate to severe tardive dyskinesia, as assessed by the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS). AIMS scores were positively correlated with age, duration of illness, and negative schizophrenic symptoms, but not with variables of neuroleptic exposure, current serum levels of neuroleptic activity, or serum prolactin levels. Neuroleptic activity and prolactin levels were positively correlated, and both variables also correlated with the current daily dose of neuroleptics.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Variability and the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia.

The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia is usually presented in a static, rather than dynamic fashion. We propose that increased dopaminergic activity may represent a stage of a dynamic schizophrenic process rather than its cause. Dopamine, as well as other neurotransmitters, responds in an adaptive fashion to stimuli that perturb the homeostasis of the brain. One such stimulus could be an epileptic focus in the temporal lobe. Other such stimuli undoubtedly also exist.

Brain↗
PubMed1983

Detection of marijuana use in psychiatric patients by determination of urinary delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-11-oic acid.

Seventy-six male inpatients with diagnoses of schizophrenia, primary affective disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, borderline personality disorder, other personality disorder, and primary substance abuse disorder were screened for the use of marijuana by determination of urinary delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-11-oic acid. Screening was performed to detect marijuana use in asymptomatic patients returning to the ward after passes, and also to elucidate changes in mental state in newly admitted patients and patients who had decompensated during hospitalization. Ward personnel found the screening procedure quite useful and incorporated it into psychotherapeutic and chemotherapeutic interventions. Although susceptible and resistant individuals were found in all diagnostic categories studied, no consistent features were found to distinguish those individuals who exhibited behavioral change in association with marijuana smoking, from those who did not.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The treatment response scale: a retrospective method of assessing response to neuroleptics.

The 10-item Treatment Response Scale (TRS) was used to rate the charts of schizophrenic inpatients for prior response to neuroleptic treatment. Interrater reliability, interitem agreement, and agreement of each item with total TRS scores were good. The validity of the TRS was assessed against changes in independent measurements with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. The results indicate that findings from a systematic chart review correlate substantially with clinical assessment of response.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1982

Prevalence of tardive dyskinesia in 3140 French inpatients.

The purpose of this article is to report the prevalence of tardive dyskinesia using strict diagnostic criteria in a large sample of chronic mental patients. The criteria used were those of Villeneuve, and only patients with constant movements were counted. The disorder was significantly (p less than .001) less frequent in males (5.8 per cent) than females (10.6 per cent). The study found an overall prevalence of 8.2 per cent in 3140 patients. This figure should represent a minimal prevalence figure since only patients with severe symptoms were included.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1981

Fluphenazine decanoate and tardive dyskinesia: a possible association.

The authors examined the charts of 22 outpatients who had received intramuscular fluphenazine decanoate and oral fluphenazine hydrochloride to assess the incidence of tardive dyskinesia. The severity of tardive dyskinesia was assessed with the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS). Both the total dose and average daily dose of fluphenazine decanoate correlated significantly with high AIMS scores. There were also significant correlations of AIMS scores with total dose of antiparkinsonian medication and total dose of other neuroleptics. Total dose of antiparkinsonian medication correlated with total dose of fluphenazine decanoate. The authors discuss the clinical and physiological implications of these correlations.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Elevated baseline and postdexamethasone cortisol levels. A reflection of severity or endogeneity?

This study investigated whether elevated baseline and postdexamethasone cortisol levels were more strongly related to severity of depression or presence of endogenous symptoms. In 43 inpatients with major depressive disorder, a positive correlation was found between the total score on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and 8.00 a.m. and 4.00 p.m. baseline and 8.00 a.m. and 4.00 p.m. postdexamethasone cortisol levels. Only the 8.00 a.m. postdexamethasone cortisol level was significantly correlated with the number of Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) endogenous items present. Despite a statistically significant relationship between severity and endogeneity, our results suggest elevated baseline and postdexamethasone cortisol levels may be more closely related to severity of depression, rather than the presence of a cluster of symptoms referred to as endogenous.

Dexamethasone↗