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Biomedical subjects

J G Calhoun

Publications and source records attributed to J G Calhoun.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Hospital library surveys for management and planning: past and future directions.

Since the survey of health sciences libraries by the American Medical Association in 1969, a number of other hospital library surveys have been conducted. Twelve hospital/health sciences library surveys published since the passage of the Medical Library Assistance Act are reviewed. The use of data from these surveys for management and planning is discussed and directions for future library survey development are suggested.

Libraries, Hospital↗
PubMed1985

Oral examinations: actual and perceived contributions to surgery clerkship performance.

Controversy persists regarding the validity, utility, and practicality of oral examinations. This study of a recent 3-year experience at the University of Michigan Medical School was undertaken to determine the value of the oral examination in the required junior year surgery clerkship. Multiple regression analysis of the relationship between the oral examination and ward grades, written examination grades, and the final grades for the clerkship years 1980 to 1981 (n = 198), 1981 to 1982 (n = 234), and 1982 to 1983 (n = 215) (classes of 1982, 1983, and 1984) revealed significant correlation between the oral examination and other evaluation parameters. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that the oral examination contributed unique information to final grade determination. Two surveys identified faculty and student opinion regarding the oral examination. The results were consistent during the 3-year period of study. Faculty and student opinion regarding the examination as an evaluation process and motivational device were positive, as was opinion regarding the breadth and depth of knowledge tested and the examination as a learning experience and an accurate reflection of students' performance. Both faculty and students agreed that the examination was worth the time and effort invested by faculty, was an appropriate evaluation process, and was a source of worthwhile faculty and student interaction.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1984

Medical education in facilities for the elderly. Impact on medical students, facility staff, and residents.

The development of positive attitudes toward elderly patients has been identified as being an important factor in providing quality geriatric care. Medical students (N = 234) interviewed elderly individuals in three types of facilities, ranging from independent apartment living to nursing homes, as part of a required medical interviewing course. The students' attitudes were measured by an Attitudes Toward the Elderly scale before and after this course. Analyses disclosed significant posttest improvement in students' attitudes concerning the functioning, integrity, and personal acceptability of the elderly at all sites, except for attitudes toward functioning at nursing home sites. Staff and residents of participating facilities rated the experience favorably. This study shows that students' attitudes toward the elderly can be positively changed through incorporation of training at appropriate community facilities for the elderly into existing curricula.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1984

New library buildings: the University of Michigan Medical Library and Learning Resource Center.

The University of Michigan opened a new medical library in July 1980. The five-story structure combines the library with a learning-resources center. Overall, the building has operated smoothly and has been well accepted. The combining of two facilities designed to support the teaching and learning objectives of the health sciences curriculum will ensure long-term cooperation between them.

Audiovisual Aids↗
PubMed1984

Evaluating the medical history: observation versus write-up review.

The ability to develop a medical history data base relevant to the total care of a patient is a requisite skill for clinical problem-solving. Assessment of this skill by faculty members in medical students has been based on direct observation of the student-patient encounter as well as on evaluation of the student's written patient history. In the study reported here, both methods were compared by the authors for the same student-patient interview. Preceptor ratings of the students' data-elicitation skills were correlated with their ratings of the students' interview-process skills and the time spent by the preceptor observing the interview. A criterion-based, checklist scoring of the student's write-up was not correlated with preceptor ratings. In this study, the authors suggest that a criterion-based evaluation of the student's patient write-up is a less faculty-intensive and more reliable method of evaluating medical student data-collection skills than direct observation of the student-patient encounter.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1982

A multisite comparison of student activities in the surgery clerkship.

The purpose of this study was to develop a method that would provide baseline data for the ongoing assessment of surgical clerkships at The University of Michigan Medical School. Of specific concern was the comparability of clerkship experiences among five different sites and the degree of variability in student experiences as the academic year progressed. Students (n = 168) in the required surgery clerkship at five affiliated sites completed a standardized daily log of the time spent on seven patient care activities and five formally structured educational activities for 1 week during each of five rotations. Analysis educational activities for 1 week during each five rotations. Analysis of variance and the Scheffe method for multiple comparisons were used to determine differences attributable to clerkship site and time of academic year. The results of the study revealed significant site-, rotation-, and activity-specific variations in the surgery clerkship experiences. However, the students at each of the five sites distributed their time almost equally between patient care and formal educational activities. The study has provided a model for assessing variability and change in the surgery clerkship program both within individual sites and across an entire affiliated hospital system. The instruments and methods are presented for adoption by other institutions with similar goals.

Education, Medical, Undergraduate↗
PubMed1982

Resident selection: applicant selection criteria compared with performance.

One hundred three surgical house officers, 41 in general surgery and 62 in specialty surgery, entered the residency program from 1975 through 1979. Their application data, including the National Board of Medical Examiners test part I scores, preclinical course honors, clinical course honors, surgical clerkship honors, election to Alpha Omega Alpha (AOA), published research, medical school grading system, medical school rating, and National Resident Matching Program rank, were tabulated. Each house officer's performance was assessed by monthly faculty evaluation and by annual standard American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination (ABSITE) score through the second year of the program. The application data were compared with the performance data to determine significant indicators of success. Factor analysis computed on the monthly evaluation forms identified a knowledge factor and an interpersonal skills factor. Statistical analyses were used to study the relationships among the independent (preentry) variables and the knowledge, interpersonal skills, and ABSITE postentry variables. The results were significant (P less than 0.05) for medical school honors, election to AOA, and medical school grading system. No significance was found for the remaining preentry variables. The knowledge and interpersonal skill evaluation scores for the house officer I and II years were significantly correlated. Although the postentry assessment of knowledge correlated with certain applicant data, the assessment of interpersonal factors was not statistically related.

Educational Measurement↗
PubMed1981

A computerized cataloging management system for health science audiovisuals.

This paper describes the implementation of the Stanford Public Information and Retrieval System (SPIRES) by the University of Michigan Medical School Learning Resources Center. SPIRES is a bibliographic data base management system which offers on-line search capabilities and retrieval of data in programmable formats. The Learning Resource Center utilizes SPIRES for the interactive retrieval of cataloging data, bibliographical compilations, and book catalog production.

Audiovisual Aids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

House officer interviewing techniques: impact on data elicitation and patient perceptions.

The relationships among physicians' interviewing techniques, the amount and type of data gathered, and patients' perceptions of the interviewing process were studied. Thirty-one Internal Medicine house officers each interviewed one of three standardized patients. The house officers' thoroughness of data collection was assessed by the patients and by a trained evaluator. A videotape of each interview was analyzed at the National Board of Medical Examiners using the interaction analysis system for interview evaluation, ISIE-81, to define house officers' interviewing techniques. From the physicians' problem-solving perspective, data elicitation was positively related to the length of the interview, asking psychosocial questions, the use of narrow questions, and the amount of time the patient talked. The patients' assessments of house officers' data-gathering thoroughness were also positively influenced by interview length, the use of narrow questions, and inquiries about their psychosocial histories. The use of broad questions by the house officer was positively related to the patient's feelings about and reaction to the interaction. This study potentially explains some of the differences that appear to exist between patients' and physicians' judgments about and perceptions of the medical interviewing process.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Objectively evaluating student case presentations.

Evaluation and documentation of student performance is of major importance to a radiology elective coordinator. To better assess a variety of aspects of competence and learning, an oral case presentation was included in the final elective evaluation. This article describes the 31-item checklist designed to assess the level of student achievement of the objectives for the oral presentation. In addition to developing this standard evaluation instrument, methodologies were used to increase the validity and reliability of the oral presentation; the examiners were briefed in advance, the checklist included cognitive and noncognitive measures, and a simple grading score was used for each item. Students who received the checklist and written course objectives at the beginning of the elective earned better grades than those students who did not receive the materials. Student evaluations reveal that the oral case presentation as presently organized is felt to be of value.

Educational Measurement↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Systematic evaluation and increased structure in a radiology elective.

Diagnostic radiology is expanding, playing an increasingly central role in patient care, which heightens the importance of radiology teaching in undergraduate medical education. This study examined the impact of increased structure and systematic evaluation on student performance in a radiology elective. The evaluation protocol included premultiple and postmultiple choice examinations (70 questions each), a film interpretation quiz (ten films, 20 questions), faculty assessment of a student oral case presentation, and student evaluations of the elective experience. The relationships among the evaluation techniques, as well as differences in class level and course ratings were also examined. Two different treatment groups were studied. Group 1 was given general objectives and information regarding availability of recommended resources, including self-learning materials for the elective, didactic seminars, and viewbox exposure. Group 2 was given specific written instructional objectives, a structured schedule for viewing the self-learning materials, and the same seminars and viewbox exposure. The statistically significant higher performance of the structured group suggests that medical students achieve the objectives of an elective better when learning activities are well defined, structured, and systematically evaluated. In addition, those students receiving the structured experience rated the radiology elective more favorably.

Education, Medical, Undergraduate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Medical student attention to preventive medicine: change with time and reinforcement.

We followed medical students' attention to documentation in their write-ups of appropriate preventive medicine information, based upon a patient's age, sex, and existing medical conditions, as well as the translation of critical findings to the problem list, for three years. The proportion of relevant items documented was .50 in year one, .80 in year two, and .69 in year three. Significant differences (p less than .001) were found between all three years. Similarly, the proportion of important items translated to the problem list was .04 in year one, .22 in year two, and .18 in year three. There was significant improvement in years two and three as compared to year one (p less than .001). The impact of interventions designed to reinforce the medical student's attention to preventive medicine was also studied. Cued forms on which to record the patient's history were compared to written feedback regarding the student's write-ups. Both significantly improved student performance. The effect of the written feedback also persisted in the follow-up period.

Adult↗