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Biomedical subjects

J G Bramness

Publications and source records attributed to J G Bramness.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Lou Andreas-Salome (1861-1937)--psychoanalytical and feministic contribution to understanding her biography].

Lou (Louise) Andreas-Salomé's life and work has preoccupied many biographers. The interest may have be sparked by her liaisons with many of the greatest men of her time. She had an intimate relationship with Friedrich Nietzsche in a period of great change for him. She was Rainer Marie Rilke's mistress for several years. And she pursued a close friendship and working relationship with Sigmund Freud in the latter part of her life. But her significance goes beyond these associations. She was a celebrated novelist and essayist in her own right, with ten novels and more than 50 essays, also on psychoanalytical subjects. She has been viewed as femme fatale, opportunist, feminist, radical, liberal, but also as a significant contributor to psychoanalytical thought. There have been two biographical approaches: a psychoanalytical approach focusing on her loss of father-figures and later difficult relationships with famous men, and a feministic approach accusing psychoanalysts of not contributing to insight, but belittling Salomé's legitimate position. A fuller understanding may be obtained by integrating these two views.

Famous Persons↗
PubMed2001

Fatal overdose of zopiclone in an elderly woman with bronchogenic carcinoma.

The death of a 72-year-old woman with respiratory debilitation due to bronchogenic carcinoma is described. She overdosed herself with probably 200 to 350 mg of zopiclone. Zopiclone, quantitated by HPLC in femoral postmortem blood, was found to be 1.9 mg/L (4.8 micromol/L). This level is higher than many other zopiclone fatalities reported. We report a case where only zopiclone was detected.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[Centrally acting muscle relaxants and traffic hazards].

BACKGROUND: An increasing number of the centrally acting muscle relaxants were withdrawn from the Norwegian market during the 1988-98 period. The only drug in this group now marketed in Norway is carisoprodol. The National Institute of Forensic Toxicology in Norway analyses all blood samples from suspected drugged drivers. In later years there has been a marked increase in the number of blood samples testing positive for carisoprodol or meprobamate (the major metabolite). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 480 cases testing positive for central muscle relaxants in the years 1984-1998 were further studied. RESULTS: Compared with blood samples positive primarily for benzodiazepines, there were more women in the group (39% vs. 15%), and fewer drugs and less alcohol were detected. INTERPRETATION: The positive samples may indicate misuse or abuse due to the fact that high drug concentrations and concomitant use of benzodiazepines were frequent. This knowledge should have implications for doctors prescribing centrally acting muscle relaxants.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1999

[Detection of zopiclone in many drivers--a sign of misuse or abuse].

In 1998 zopiclone had a 42% share of the prescribed hypnotic drug market in Norway. The National Institute of Forensic Toxicology analyses all blood samples from suspected drugged drivers. The rise in zopiclone prescription was partly reflected in an increase in the number of drivers with zopiclone detected in the blood. We looked closer at the test results from 101 drivers with zopiclone detected in their blood in the January 1994 to April 1999 period. 60% had blood concentrations of zopiclone above the concentration observed after intake of therapeutic doses; 80% had higher blood concentrations than those expected 8 hours after intake of therapeutic doses. The majority of the drivers also tested positive for illegal drugs, prescription drugs with abuse potential, or alcohol. This indicates that zopiclone is misused or abused. Therefore the same caution should be applied when prescribing zopiclone as is applied when prescribing e.g. benzodiazepines.

Automobile Driving↗
PubMed1999

[The bell tolls for Ernest Hemingway. Somatic, psychiatric and psychoanalytical aspects of his life and work].

This year, the centennial of Ernest Miller Hemingway's (1899-1961) birth is being celebrated. He committed suicide on July 2 1961, thus ending a crowded and turbulent life. He published seven novels and a number of short stories during his lifetime; four novels were published after his death. Millions of copies of his works have been sold and he is still one of the world most read authors. His simple, matter-of-fact and compressed style has had great influence on other authors. There has been enormous interest in the life and works of Hemingway. This paper addresses this interest and various aspects of Hemingway's life and tries to offer some explanations by looking at Hemingway's medical history, using some psychoanalytical approaches to his life and work.

Accidents↗
PubMed1998

[Adverse effects of zopiclone].

In 1994 zopiclone (Imovane), a cyclopyrrolon, was introduced in Norway as a new kind of hypnotic. In 1996 zopiclone had a 26% share of the hypnotic market. This review of relevant literature has revealed a lack of documentation on the adverse effects of zopiclone. The similarities between zopiclone and benzodiazepine hypnotics are more striking than the differences. The bulk of comparative research has been carried out with triazolam, a drug taken off the Norwegian market in 1991. With zopiclone there is less inhibition of psychomotor function the day after intake than with flunitrazepam. Zopiclone causes less subjective "hangover" than nitrazepam, but there is a similar inhibition of psychomotor function the day after intake, and in some cases greater addictive potential.

Azabicyclo Compounds↗
PubMed1992

[Socialization of physician's role during the clinical part of medical education. 1: Students' assessment of own skills].

The learning of clinical skills may be the most important factor in the socialization of medical students to the doctor's role. In this survey 225 students from early and late stages of the clinical curriculum at the University of Oslo were asked to assess their clinical skills. The results show that many students lack sufficient practice, and there is little development of clinical skills from early to late stages of the clinical curriculum. This can promote an uncertainty amongst the students about the doctor's role. These results should lead to changes in the clinical teaching. Each department should set clearer objectives for what the students should be taught, and should verify that this takes place. Training in communication skills should be emphasized. Students should be given greater responsibility for clinical work throughout the clinical phase of their training.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Socialization of physician's role during the clinical part of medical education. 2: Students' identification with physician's role].

Young doctors find it difficult to cope with the doctor's role. Socialization to the doctors role starts at medical school. In this survey 225 students at the University of Oslo were asked to assess the extent of their identification with the role of doctor when working in the emergency ward and in ordinary hospital wards. The process of identification progressed while the students worked in the emergency ward, but not when they worked in the ordinary wards. To promote adherence to the doctor's role it is necessary to define the roles, responsibilities and duties of the students in ordinary wards, and there should be a progression in what is expected of the students from an early stage to a later stage of the clinical curriculum. The role of the students must become well-defined in the ordinary hospital wards.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Effect of medical school stress on the mental health of medical students in early and late clinical curriculum.

Earlier research has shown that medical students in the United Kingdom and the United States report a higher level of nervous symptoms than the general population. To better understand how medical students in Norway compare with these findings, 299 male and female students in the clinical curriculum at the University of Oslo were asked to complete a questionnaire about themselves and their mental health. Medical students in Norway do not differ from the general population in mental health. However, the students report a lower level of general self-esteem than the general population. The male students had more nervous symptoms and a less general self-esteem than the female students compared with the general population. This research also shows that medical school stress is a good predictor of nervous symptoms even when psychosocial variables such as marital or cohabitation status, confident other and general self-esteem are taken into consideration.

Adaptation, Psychological↗