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Biomedical subjects

J G Bradley

Publications and source records attributed to J G Bradley.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Arthroplasty of the shoulder in rheumatoid arthritis with rotator cuff dysfunction.

We carried out a retrospective analysis of 17 total shoulder replacements using the reversed Delta III prosthesis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis of the glenohumeral joint complicated by rotator cuff dysfunction. Outcome was assessed using the Constant-Murley scoring system. In addition, general health status was assessed with the Short Form Health Survey and radiographical analysis of the prostheses undertaken. Mean age at the time of surgery was 64 years. Thirteen shoulders were followed up for more than 5 years (mean 87 months). Median Constant-Murley score was 59.0; median scores for general health were 33.40 and 49.36 for the physical and mental components respectively. Radiographical analysis revealed evidence of lucencies about the humeral component in all cases and about the glenoid component in five cases. Despite the good clinical results, the high incidence of radiographical lucencies is of concern.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Iron pre-load for major joint replacement.

Patients undergoing total hip or knee replacement frequently receive blood transfusion. Homologous blood transfusion carries appreciable risks and should therefore be reduced to a minimum. We have investigated the use of preoperative oral iron supplements to optimize haemoglobin concentration and iron stores prior to surgery. All patients attending a preadmission clinic 4 weeks prior to primary hip or knee replacement had a haemoglobin measurement. If the haemoglobin concentration (Hb) was less than 12 g dL-1 they were given a four week course of ferrous sulphate. If it was greater than or equal to 12 g dL-1 they were randomized to a control group or given a supplementation course of ferrous sulphate. One hundred patients were seen. Of these 18 (18%) had haemoglobin less than 12 g dL-1 and 16 were treated with iron. The mean Hb was 10.8 g dL-1 and mean cell volume (MCV) 86. These patients increased their Hb by a mean 1.1 g dL-1 prior to admission (P = 0.008). MCV was the best predictor of response (r = -0.63, P < 0.02). This group dropped their haemoglobin by a mean 1.4 g dL-1 in the first post-operative week. In the study groups there was no significant preoperative rise in Hb. However, the control group dropped their Hb by a mean 1.3 g dL-1 in the week following surgery compared with 0.4 g dL-1 in the group which had received iron supplements (P < 0.001). We conclude that at least 18% of patients attending for hip or knee replacement in this region are frankly anaemic and benefit significantly from preoperative iron supplements over 4 weeks. Iron supplementation in patients without obvious anaemia protects against a fall in Hb during the immediate post-operative period, suggesting a widespread underlying depletion of iron stores in this group despite a normal Hb. Preoperative iron supplements may reduce transfusion requirements as part of a co-ordinated strategy in this group of patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

The meaning of normal.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1993

The effectiveness of intermittent plantar venous compression in prevention of deep venous thrombosis after total hip arthroplasty.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of intermittent pneumatic compression of the plantar venous plexus with the newly developed arteriovenous impulse system. Seventy-four patients about to undergo primary unilateral total hip arthroplasty for osteoarthrosis, all receiving a standard thrombosis prophylaxis regime of thigh-length anti-embolic stockings, 5,000 IU heparin delivered subcutaneously twice daily, and 400 mg hydroxychloroquine sulfate delivered twice daily, were entered in a prospective trial. The patients were allocated at random to also receive the arteriovenous impulse system on the foot of the operated side. On approximately postoperative day 12 bilateral ascending venography was performed. There were 44 patients in the nonpumped group and 30 patients in the pumped group. The incidence of deep venous thrombosis was 6.6% in the pumped group and 27.27% in the nonpumped group. The incidence of thrombosis was significantly lower in the pumped group (P < .025). The authors conclude that chemical prophylaxis plus the use of the mechanical, pneumatic, and arteriovenous impulse system reduces the incidence of thromboembolic complications further than chemical prophylaxis alone.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Nonprescription drugs and hypertension. Which ones affect blood pressure?

Hypertensive patients should be aware of the possible effects of nonprescription medications on blood pressure control. For absolute safety, no adrenergic agents should be used. Nasal phenylephrine hydrochloride is probably the safest of these agents, and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride may also be safe. Phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride and ephedrine sulfate are probably best avoided. The effects of other adrenergic agents (eg, epinephrine) on blood pressure have not been clinically evaluated. Ibuprofen may elevate blood pressure if taken in maximum over-the-counter doses for more than a few days. The ethanol and sodium chloride content of nonprescription drugs taken in recommended doses does not appear to pose a great hazard.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed1990

Planning for hospital ethics committees: meeting the needs of the professional staff.

Hospital ethics committees (HECs) have historically been instituted "top-down", often ignoring the needs of the professionals and patients who might use their services. Seventy-four physicians and 123 nurses participated in a hospital-wide needs assessment designed to identify their perceptions of the functions of the HEC, determine which services and educational programs were most desired, and explore which forums were most preferred for discussion of ethical problems. Results indicated that utilization of the HEC focused around five areas of concern: withdrawing/withholding treatment, rationing and control of health care, children's rights, role of the patient and family in decisionmaking, and disagreements about treatment. Physicians and nurses differed widely in their attitudes. Perceptions about the appropriate functions of the HEC strongly influenced decisions regarding which HEC services to use. Needs assessment can play an important role in developing HEC goals and designing programs that meet the needs of professionals.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1990

HL-60 cells induced to differentiate towards neutrophils subsequently die via apoptosis.

The human promyelocytic HL-60 cell line can be induced to differentiate to neutrophil-like cells in response to a variety of chemical stimuli. We have found that retinoic acid-treatment of HL-60 cells over a period of 6-8 days resulted in a progressive increase in the proportion of cells with mature neutrophil morphologies and was closely followed by an increase in the proportion of cells exhibiting the morphological characteristics of apoptosis, the non-pathological mode of cell death. Using Percoll step-density gradients we have demonstrated a marked increase in the buoyant density of these cells and have used this density difference to obtain enriched fractions of cells for more detailed study. Degradation of the nuclear DNA of these cells into integer multiples of about 200 base pairs, indicative of endogenous endonuclease activation a major characteristic of programmed cell death, was also demonstrated. From these observations we conclude that the mode of cell death in cultures of terminally differentiated HL-60 cells is that of apoptosis. These results parallel those of a recent report which has shown apoptosis to be the mode of cell death of ageing peripheral blood neutrophils. Because of this, we believe that our observations further validate the use of the HL-60 cell line as a model system for the study of human granulopoiesis in vitro and further, that this model system may be useful for gaining insight into the underlying mechanisms involved in apoptosis.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1989

Structure and function of human amphiregulin: a member of the epidermal growth factor family.

The complete amino acid sequence of amphiregulin, a bifunctional cell growth modulator, was determined. The truncated form contains 78 amino acids, whereas a larger form of amphiregulin contains six additional amino acids at the amino-terminal end. The amino-terminal half of amphiregulin is extremely hydrophilic and contains unusually high numbers of lysine, arginine, and asparagine residues. The carboxyl-terminal half of amphiregulin (residues 46 to 84) exhibits striking homology to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family of proteins. Amphiregulin binds to the EGF receptor but not as well as EGF does. Amphiregulin fully supplants the requirement for EGF or transforming growth factor-alpha in murine keratinocyte growth, but it is a much weaker growth stimulator in other cell systems.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Identification of a leukocyte alloantigen with a high-frequency expression in leukemia patients.

In this report we describe the production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody to the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60. The antibody, NC-2, is of the IgG1 subclass and precipitates a 50-Kd protein from 125I-labeled HL-60 cells. The antigen is insensitive to treatment with trypsin, papain, or neuraminidase. NC-2 did not react with a number of established human cell lines, including Daudi, Molt-4, K562, U937, KG-1, CEM, Raji, and Gash-P. Neutrophils and monocytelike cells derived from HL-60 cells that were induced to differentiate continued to express the antigen. NC-2 reacted with all peripheral-blood cells except erythrocytes from eight (5%) of 150 normal individuals tested. Bone marrow samples from patients with myelogenous leukemias were more frequently reactive with NC-2 than were those from normal individuals (12/33 v 1/10). Family studies indicated that the antigen was inherited in an autosomal-dominant manner. These findings suggest that the expression of the above alloantigen is associated with an increased incidence of leukemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Amphiregulin: a bifunctional growth-modulating glycoprotein produced by the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-treated human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7.

A glycoprotein, termed amphiregulin (AR), inhibits growth of several human carcinoma cells in culture and stimulates proliferation of human fibroblasts and certain other tumor cells. It has been purified to apparent homogeneity from serum-free conditioned medium of MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells that had been treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. AR is a single-chain extremely hydrophilic glycoprotein containing cysteines in disulfide linkage(s) that are essential for biological activity; it is stable between pH 2 and pH 12 and after heating for 30 min at 56 degrees C but unstable at 100 degrees C. The apparent molecular weights of AR and N-Glycanase-treated AR are 14,000 and 15,000, respectively, as assessed by gel chromatography, and approximately 22,500 and approximately 14,000, respectively, as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Treatment of AR with N-Glycanase, O-Glycanase, or neuraminidase does not affect its activity. The pI of AR is approximately 7.8. The amino-terminal amino acid sequence of AR has been determined, and no significant sequence homology between AR and other proteins was found. The molecule thus appears to be a distinct growth regulatory protein.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody to a myeloid specific differentiation antigen.

A monoclonal antibody termed NC-1 was produced which binds to an antigen present on the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 and peripheral blood neutrophils. The antibody bound to the majority of promyelocytes in the HL-60 culture, but not to myeloblasts. No antibody reactivity was detected to a range of other cell lines or to a limited number of normal human tissues. Peripheral blood lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils, erythrocytes and platelets did not react with the antibody. Bone marrow smears exhibited binding of NC-1 to myeloid cells at the promyelocyte and later stages of differentiation along the granulocyte lineage. The KG-1 myeloblastoid and U937 myelomonocytic lines could be induced to express the antigen, when exposed to neuraminidase which removes terminal sialic acid from carbohydrate residues. Similarly myeloblasts in bone marrow samples bound NC-1 when they were treated with neuraminidase. HL-60 cells induced to differentiate to granulocytes by treatment with retinoic acid continued to express the antigen. A similar result was observed when HL-60 cells were induced to differentiate to monocytes, even though blood monocytes failed to bind the antibody. These data indicate that the antibody NC-1 reacts with an antigen expressed on myeloid cells beyond the promyelocyte stage of differentiation.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Acute leukemia expressing the gamma gene product of the putative second T cell receptor.

Early thymus-derived lymphocytes bearing the T gamma gene product in association with the CD3(T3) complex have recently been described. We report a unique case of human acute lymphoblastic leukemia with a CD2+, CD3+, CD4-, CD5+, CD7+, CD8-, WT31- phenotype. These cells were found to have T gamma gene rearrangement and T gamma transcripts in absence of T alpha or T beta rearrangement or transcripts. Immunoprecipitation studies with anti-CD3 antibodies showed a 43-kD protein associated with T3; this 43-kD protein is also precipitated with antiserum raised against synthetic peptides representing the constant region of the putative T gamma protein.

Antigens, Surface↗