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Biomedical subjects

J G Allen

Publications and source records attributed to J G Allen.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Profiles of difficult psychiatric hospital patients.

In a study of 127 long-term psychiatric hospital patients perceived as difficult to treat, investigators used hierarchical grouping analysis to differentiate ten profile groups of patients. The groups are based on four dimensions or clusters of characteristics previously derived by factor analysis: withdrawn psychoticism, severe character pathology, suicidal-depressed behavior, and violence-agitation. The ten profile groups are described and are related to staff ratings of overall treatment difficulty, prognosis, sex, diagnosis, and other variables. The main conclusion is that treatment difficulty stems in large part from the compounding of different dimensions of severe psychopathology. Thus a pan-symptomatic group, with high scores on all four dimensions, ranks highest in overall treatment difficulty.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

An anatomy of countertransference: staff reactions to difficult psychiatric hospital patients.

Countertransference among hospital staff was investigated as part of ongoing research on difficult-to-treat psychiatric hospital patients. Staff's ratings of their emotional reactions to 127 patients on long-term units were analyzed by factor analysis, and the resulting factors were correlated by discipline with patient problem behaviors. Among the conclusions were that different forms of psychopathology elicit characteristic patterns of emotional reaction from staff; that some dimensions of psychopathology, particularly suicidal-depressed behavior and violence-agitation, elicit different emotional reactions among different disciplines, thus laying the groundwork for division among staff; and that the more difficult the process of hospital treatment, the more likely staff will experience a variety of emotions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Relation of intelligence to ego functioning in an adult psychiatric population.

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) IQs and clinical ratings of 10 ego functions in a diagnostically heterogeneous sample of 60 adult psychiatric inpatients were correlated. With severity of pathology statistically controlled, higher intelligence was associated with more adequate ego functioning in several spheres: primary autonomous functions, thought processes, object relations, and mastery-competence. There were also some clinically meaningful differences between the Verbal and Performance IQs in the pattern of correlations. Extending Hartmann's original views, the authors employ an ethological framework to conceptualize intelligence in relation to the ego's role in adaptation, emphasizing that intelligence is an important-albeit neglected-aspect of ego functioning.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A comparison of two bioassays used to estimate the toxicity of lupin material infected with Phomopsis leptostromiformis.

Eighty-four lupin samples were tested for toxicity using two currently available bioassays. One utilizes sheep and the other nursling rats. There was an association between the results obtained by the two bioassays but 65% of the variance of the nursling rat bioassay results was not associated with the sheep bioassay results in the linear regression. Reasons for this poor correlation are suggested and discussed.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1985

A pharmacokinetic comparison of tenoxicam in plasma and synovial fluid.

In view of the paucity of information on the synovial-fluid pharmacokinetics of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with a long half-life, we have compared the pharmacokinetics of tenoxicam (Tilcotil, Mobiflex) in plasma and synovial fluid in six patients with polyarthritis causing knee effusion. Plasma and synovial-fluid concentrations of tenoxicam were measured up to 96 h after an oral dose of a single 40 mg tablet. A full pharmacokinetic analysis was performed. Tenoxicam passed into synovial fluid attaining a peak concentration significantly later than that for plasma. However, the mean half-life for synovial fluid (45 h) was not significantly different from that for plasma (42 h). Comparison of area under the curve (AUC) indicated the total exposure of the synovial fluid to tenoxicam was consistent in different patients, comprising 50-60% of the corresponding plasma levels in every case. In the case of tenoxicam, synovial fluid exhibits the pharmacokinetic properties of a peripheral 'tissue' compartment.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Erythrocyte selenium-75 uptake as a measure of selenium status in weaner sheep, and its relationship to erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity.

The relationship between in vitro erythrocyte 75Se uptake (75Se uptake) and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (EGSHPx) activity was examined in weaner sheep during periods of selenium depletion and repletion, to determine whether 75Se uptake was better correlated than EGSHPx activity to the development of weaner nutritional myopathy. In the 2 trials conducted, only 3 of 45 Merino wether weaners developed clinical myopathy and histological lesions in skeletal muscles. The 75Se uptake values and EGSHPx activities in these 3 sheep were no different from those in the unaffected sheep. There was a significant negative correlation between 75Se uptake values and EGSHPx activities over the entire period of the trials. It could not be demonstrated that 75Se uptake was any better correlated than EGSHPx activity to the development of nutritional myopathy, and it was concluded that EGSHPx activity indicated selenium status better than 75Se uptake in weaner sheep.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Patterns of staff perception of difficult patients in a long-term psychiatric hospital.

In a study to determine which psychiatric patients are perceived by staff as most difficult to treat, clinical staff from several disciplines rated problem behaviors of 127 long-term inpatients in a private psychiatric hospital; staff also rated overall treatment difficulty, progress, and prognosis. No single patient characteristic determined staff's perception of patients as difficult to treat. Instead, four clusters of patient characteristics contributed to this perception; in decreasing order of influence, they are withdrawn psychoticism, severe character pathology, suicidal-depressed behavior, and violence-agitation. The study also showed that the patients who are considered particularly difficult are perceived as improving less and as having a poor prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

A pharmacokinetic comparison of tenoxicam in plasma and synovial fluid.

In view of the paucity of information of the synovial fluid pharmacokinetics of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with a long half-life, we have compared the pharmacokinetics of tenoxicam (TILCOTIL, MOBIFLEX) in plasma and synovial fluid in six patients with polyarthritis causing knee effusion. Plasma and synovial fluid concentrations of tenoxicam were measured up to 96 hours after an oral dose of a single 40 mg tablet. A full pharmacokinetic analysis was performed. Tenoxicam passed into synovial fluid attaining a peak concentration significantly later than that for plasma. However, the mean half-life for synovial fluid (45 hours) was not significantly different from that for plasma (42 hours). Comparison of area under the curve (AUC) indicated the total exposure of the synovial fluid to tenoxicam was consistent in different patients, comprising 50-60% of the corresponding plasma levels in every case. In the case of tenoxicam, synovial fluid exhibits the pharmacokinetic properties of a peripheral "tissue" compartment.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Single and multiple oral dose pharmacokinetics of tenoxicam in the elderly.

Tenoxicam is a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with a long half-life. Since such drugs may be particularly prone to accumulate in elderly patients, a group of the population in which anti-inflammatory agents are most commonly prescribed, we have studied the pharmacokinetics of tenoxicam in 18 patients (age range 62-87 years) with osteoarthrosis or rheumatoid arthritis. A pharmacokinetic profile was performed after a single 20 mg oral dose. Patients then took regular medication until they had reached steady-state for chronic dosing (20 mg/day) when a further pharmacokinetic profile was performed. Approximately five-fold accumulation was found at steady-state (mean peak plasma level 2.6 micrograms/ml for a single dose against 12.4 micrograms/ml at steady-state). Twenty percent of the dose was eliminated in the first dose interval. Mean pre-dose plasma level at steady-state was 9.6 micrograms/ml with a coefficient of variation of 11%. Serial haematological and biochemical estimations during the study showed no evidence of drug toxicity.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Renal lesions and tissue concentrations of zinc, copper, iron and manganese in experimentally zinc intoxicated sheep.

Renal lesions were produced in three out of 10 sheep dosed with large quantities of zinc for two to 14 weeks. Administration of the zinc resulted in significant increases in the concentrations of zinc in the kidneys, liver and pancreas, and of copper and iron in the kidneys and pancreas, and a significant decrease in the concentration of manganese in the pancreas. The sheep with kidney damage had increased plasma creatinine concentrations and significantly higher mean concentrations of zinc in their livers and pancreases, and of copper and iron in their kidneys, than the sheep with no kidney damage.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The pharmacokinetics of a new radiosensitiser, Ro 03-8799 in humans.

A new hypoxic cell radiosensitiser, Ro 03-8799 has been administered intravenously to human volunteers and its kinetic parameters derived from plasma and urine data. Good penetration of drug into tumour tissue is found, consistent with its large volume of distribution. The plasma clearance of this compound is rapid due to high metabolic and renal clearances. These parameters combine to produce an elimination half-life of 5.6 h, approximately half that of misonidazole, a well studied radiosensitiser. It is hoped that this decrease in total body exposure will also reduce the cumulative toxicity seen when misonidazole is administered repeatedly.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Effects of feeding lupin seed naturally infected with Phomopsis leptostromiformis to sheep and pigs.

Lupin seed, 10% of which was naturally infected with Phomopsis leptostromiformis was obtained from 2 different sources and stored either conventionally, or in a warm and humid environment, for 45 weeks. Only very low levels of toxicity were apparent during the storage period and in the warm, humid environment the level of infection of P. leptostromiformis was gradually reduced and eventually eliminated. The 2 batches of infected seed, and non-infected lupin seed, were fed to sheep as sole rations for 40 weeks, or as part of feedlot rations for 10 weeks, and to baconer pigs as part of grower and finisher rations for 16 weeks. In the 40-week feeding trial mild lupinosis developed in sheep fed from one batch of infected seed, but there was no evidence of lupinosis in sheep fed the feedlot rations, or pigs fed the grower and finisher rations. It is suggested that lupin seed with levels of Phomopsis-infection of up to 10% could be safely fed to sheep and pigs under commercial conditions.

Animal Feed↗