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Biomedical subjects

J Furesz

Publications and source records attributed to J Furesz.

51 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1970

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Studies of two cases treated with 5-bromo-2-Deoxyuridine.

Two cases of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis treated with 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BUDR) are reported. Both cases had a classical presentation with motor and mental deterioration, myoclonic jerks, paretic colloidal gold curve in CSF and periodic bursts of the EEG. The diagnosis was confirmed by brain biopsy with light and electron microscopic findings. Immunological studies revealed markedly elevated serum and CSF measles antibodies on serial determinations by the virus neutralization, complement fixation and hemagglutination inhibition techniques. Both cases were treated with 100 mg./kg./day of BUDR, intravenously, for five days, and Case 2 received a second course of treatment. Only minimal side effects were experienced from the use of BUDR; clinical symptoms showed sustained improvement in Case 1 and no further deterioration in Case 2. Both patients survived for more than 16 months. More extensive controlled trials with antiviral agents for the treatment of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis appear to be justified.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1970

Vaccination of school children with live mumps virus vaccine.

Live, attenuated mumps virus vaccine (Mumpsvax) was administered to 146 school children 6 to 9 years of age. One child developed clinical mumps nine days after vaccination; epidemiological and serological data strongly suggest that this child had become infected before vaccination. Apart from this single instance there were no apparent clinical reactions that could be ascribed to the administration of the vaccine. Sixty-three of the 146 children with no clinical history of mumps had an initial serum neutralizing antibody titre of less than 1:2. Specific antibodies to mumps virus were detected in 93.5% of the sera of the susceptible children 28 days after vaccination, and the geometric mean antibody titre of these sera was low (1:6). Of the 80 initially seropositive children 21 (26.2%) showed a significant antibody response to the vaccine and this was influenced by the pre-existing antibody level. These data have further demonstrated the safety and efficacy of the live mumps vaccine in children.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1967

WHO collaborative study on the sero-epidemiology of rubella.

Under the auspices of WHO an investigation was made by 9 laboratories in different parts of the world on the distribution of rubella antibodies in girls and women of child-bearing age. In the first part of the study the objective was to determine the reliability and reproducibility of the tests employed. It was found that there were no significant differences in the variability of the titres obtained in different laboratories when the results were compared with those obtained by repeatedly testing the same sera in one laboratory.In the second part of the study sera were obtained from girls in schools and women attending clinics and health centres. They were not taken from random samples of the populations. In most of the studies the pattern of development of antibody was similar. About half the persons had antibody at 6-8 years of age and 80%-87% at 17-22 years of age, the percentage remaining relatively constant thereafter. The island populations of Trinidad and Jamaica and a rural area of Japan were, however, found to have significantly fewer women with antibodies than urban areas in Europe or the Americas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1965

Studies on attenuated measles-virus vaccines in Canada.

This paper describes the results of a study of live attenuated measles vaccines (one in a series of WHO-sponsored field trials) carried out in children 6-33 months old at an orphanage in Quebec City. The Enders Edmonston B vaccine alone and the same vaccine administered with gamma-globulin were compared with the Schwarz further-attenuated vaccine. The over-all seroconversion rates were found to be 96.9%, 98.1% and 98.8% respectively. Severe clinical reactions, except for high fever, were not observed in any of the groups. Rectal temperatures over 103 degrees F (39.5 degrees C) were noted in 16.2% of the children given Schwarz vaccine, in 59.2% of the children receiving the Enders Edmonston B vaccine alone and in 27.8% of the children inoculated with the Enders Edmonston B vaccine plus gamma-globulin. The high incidence of mild pharyngitis following inoculation of these vaccines was not observed in the group of children who had received vaccine plus gamma-globulin. No significant differences were noted in the frequency of other symptoms, such as cough, coryza, conjunctivitis and diarrhoea, between vaccinated and control groups.

Canada↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rubella immunization strategies in Canada.

Rubella vaccine was introduced in Canada in 1969. Immunization practices and vaccine coverage varied from province to province. In the 1970s the Canadian National Advisory Committee on Immunization endorsed both the policy of mass vaccination--in combination with measles and mumps vaccines--for infants, which seven provinces followed, and that of selective immunization of prepubertal girls, which three provinces followed. In 1982, the Committee advocated a comprehensive policy that incorporated the best features of the two policies and also increased the emphasis on immunization of susceptible adolescent and adult women. As of 1983, in all provinces the vaccine has been routinely administered to infants 12-15 months old; in seven, also to prepubertal girls. After the introduction of rubella vaccine, rubella incidence declined markedly, but the endemic level of rubella incidence remained unchanged. Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) was added to the federal list of notifiable diseases only in 1979. Sixty-seven CRS cases were reported by five provinces from 1979 to 1983, during which a trend of declining CRS incidence rates (per 100,000 live births) was indicated. However, the numbers of cases are too small to draw definite conclusions regarding the impact of immunization programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Eradication of indigenous poliomyelitis in Canada: impact of immunization strategies.

During the period 1950-1954, surveillance for paralytic poliomyelitis in Canada revealed an average of 1,914 cases (13.2 cases per 100,000) annually. The licensing and widespread use of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) in 1955 coincided with a marked decline in disease rates. Due to incomplete vaccine coverage of the population, a resurgence began in 1958 and peaked in 1959, despite an observed vaccine efficacy of 96% for 3 doses of IPV. The introduction and widespread use of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) started in 1960 and coincided with a decline in disease rates. Virtual elimination of the natural disease was achieved in the 1970s in all provinces regardless of the specific immunization program chosen (IPV or OPV alone or combined). From 1965 to 1988, 51 cases of paralytic poliomyelitis were reported in Canada. Thirty-five of these cases, all but one occurring before 1980, were attributed to wild virus infection, (14 caused by imported virus and 21 assumed to be endemic). Sixteen cases were OPV-associated: 4 in vaccine recipients and 12 in contacts of OPV recipients. Vaccine-associated paralysis in recipients and contacts occurred at the rate of one case per 9.5 million and 3.2 million vaccine doses distributed, respectively. The risk of paralysis attributable to OPV therefore is small compared to the overall benefit of the vaccine. Both IPV and OPV appear equally effective, and theoretically, a combination of the two (IPV followed by OPV) provides the best risk benefit ratio. Occasional exposure of the Canadian population to imported wild virus requires that high levels of population immunity be maintained.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Genetic characterization of poliovirus isolates in Canada, 1962-1981.

From 1962 to 1981, 629 poliovirus strains of human and sewage origin were assayed for genetic markers in the kinetic serum neutralization ( KSN ) and temperature marker (rct) tests. The KSN test proved to be most dependable: 97% of strains tested could be classified as either vaccine-like (VL) or non-vaccine-like ( NVL ). All but two of the 18 virus strains whose classification was inconclusive in the KSN test were further characterized by micro serum neutralization assay. The correlation between the results of the rct and KSN marker tests was not satisfactory for the characterization of poliovirus types 1 and 3. Numerous type 1 virus strains were analyzed with strain-specific monoclonal antibodies for antigenic markers and were examined in polyacrylamide gel electrophoreses for viral proteins. Whereas greater than 90% of poliovirus types 2 and 3 were found to be VL in the KSN test, 40% of type 1 isolates were classified as NVL . The latter were detected not only in the epidemics of 1962 and 1978-1979 caused by type 1 poliovirus but also were present in endemic form in the late 1960s and 1970s in various provinces. In contrast, no NVL type 2 strains were detected in any specimen, and the last type 3 NVL strains were demonstrated in 1963-1964. Thus only type 1 poliovirus appears to be endemic in Canada.

Adolescent↗