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Biomedical subjects

J Frost

Publications and source records attributed to J Frost.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytochrome oxidase in the human visual cortex: distribution in the developing and the adult brain.

Cytochrome-oxidase (CO) histochemistry has revealed important functional subdivisions, modules, and processing streams in the macaque visual cortex. The present study is aimed at analyzing the development and characteristics of CO patterns in the human visual cortex by means of histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. At 26 weeks of gestation, both the ventricular and subventricular zones had low levels of CO, while the cortical plate had moderate levels of CO. At birth, supragranular CO-rich zones (puffs) were not clearly organized, indicating that the development of puffs in the neonatal striate cortex lags behind that of the macaque monkey, whose puffs appear weeks before birth. Puffs were more clearly discernible in human cortex at postnatal day 24, and became well organized by the fourth postnatal month. Layer IVc alpha in the neonate exhibited a higher level of activity and amount of CO than the central portion of IVc beta, which contained a dense aggregate of small neurons. The base of IVc beta, however, was often as CO reactive as IVc alpha. In contrast, the majority of specimens available to us from the fourth postnatal month and from adults with no known neurological diseases had significantly greater CO reactivity in layer IVc beta than in IVc alpha. Layer VI was moderately reactive for CO throughout development. In V2, stripes with globular zones of high CO activity were sporadically present at birth, suggesting that their development may parallel or precede that of puffs in V1. These stripes with CO-rich globular zones became more prominent in the adult and radiated orthogonally from the V1/V2 border. They were not, however, clearly organized into alternating thick and thin stripes as they are in the squirrel monkey. Visual cortical areas beyond V2 exhibited high CO activity mainly in layers III and IV and moderate levels in VI, suggesting that sites associated with cortico-cortical pathways may be metabolically most active.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Latex allergy in children with myelodysplasia: a survey of Shriners hospitals.

We surveyed the incidence of recognized latex sensitivity in myelodysplasia patients in 16 Shriners Hospitals. The percentage of involved patients ranged from 0 to 22% (mean 5%). Twenty-two children had a significant anaphylactic reaction. We provide recommendations for preoperative prophylaxis and sources of listings of latex and latex-free hospital products and home products.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of the reciprocating gait orthosis in myelodysplasia.

There are advantages to an upright posture and ambulation in pediatric myelodysplasia patients. The reciprocating gait orthosis (RGO) is a useful tool to enable this activity in selected individuals. We evaluated the long-term usage, pitfalls, and contraindications of this orthosis. Mean daily usage was 6.9 h/day, requiring an average of 10 min to don or doff; all patients required assistance. Obesity, advanced age, lack of patient or family motivation, scoliosis, and spasticity were significant negative factors in long-term usage of the RGO. Good upper extremity strength, trunk balance, previous standing or walking, and active hip flexion were important positive variables. Eleven of 21 patients did not persist with long-term usage of this orthosis, averaging 25.8 months of usage. An energy study was performed on three patients, comparing the efficiency of reciprocating gait and swing-through gait. All three were more energy efficient and two were faster with the swing-through gait but each preferred the reciprocating pattern. Care should be taken when selecting patients for RGO usage because not all children with myelomeningocele are able to function effectively with this orthosis.

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