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Biomedical subjects

J Friedman

Publications and source records attributed to J Friedman.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

A mini-residency program in orthognathic surgery.

A method of teaching major orthognathic surgical techniques is presented. One hundred hours of instruction in laboratory, practical, clinical, and operating room experiences were presented over two months, on alternate weekends. These intervals allowed for assimilation of new didactic material, readings, and study and laboratory exercises at home. Four teams of three oral and maxillofacial surgeons rotated to the operating rooms during each weekend session to experience hands-on training. The protracted period of follow-up observations enabled participants to witness most cases from start to finish and learn to anticipate and manage sequellae. Experienced oral and maxillofacial surgeons demonstrated a quick grasp of newer techniques of orthognathic surgery, and most translated the mini-residency experience into their practices.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1984

Three-year follow-up of couples evaluated for sexual dysfunction.

The present status of 49 couples who three years previously had been evaluated but not treated at a clinic for sexual dysfunction was determined by a self-report assessment battery. The battery consisted of the Sexual Interaction Inventory, the Locke-Wallace Marriage Inventory and the Sexual History Form completed at initial evaluation and follow-up. An additional Follow-up Questionnaire was completed at post only. Approximately 52% of the men and 54% of the women reported receiving therapy during the period between initial intake and follow-up. Analysis of male data revealed that with the exceptions of estimates of mate satisfaction and marital happiness, all other variables measuring sexual behaviors and attitudes did not show significant changes over time. Men who received subsequent therapy reported significantly more erectile difficulty at both intake and follow-up than their nontreated counterparts. In contrast, women showed significant improvement over time in sexual satisfaction, acceptance of mate, and ability to achieve orgasm through a wider variety of means. These improvements were reported by women who had therapy during the interim period as well as women who had not had therapy. Repeated measured ANOVAs and t-test analyses were performed examining the effects of male dysfunction on female functioning. Interpretations of the differences in change noted over time between women and men are offered as well as suggestions for future research.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Immunological studies of post-streptococcal sequelae. Evidence for presence of streptococcal antigens in circulating immune complexes.

Since elevated levels of circulating complexes have been noted to occur in the sera of patients with post-streptococcal sequelae, the possibility that these complexes contained streptococcal antigens within the complex was investigated. Sera from these patients were precipitated with polyethylene glycol to extract a fraction rich in these complexes, which was then injected into rabbits. The rabbit sera were then reacted with both cellular and extracellular fractions obtained from streptococcal strains associated with either acute post-streptococcal nephritis (APSGN) or acute rheumatic fever (ARF) by using immunoelectrophoresis and ELISA techniques. The data demonstrate that both ARF and APSGN complexes contain streptococcal antigens. However, APSGN complexes react uniquely to certain extracellular antigens present in those strains associated with nephritis, while ARF complexes react specifically to certain streptococcal extracellular antigens excreted by strains associated with rheumatic fever. Neither of the two groups of complexes appear to contain streptococcal antigens related to any cellular antigens derived from the group A streptococcus. Additionally, a rabbit serum immunized with streptococcal extracellular products reacted directly with complexes isolated from nephritis patients. Removal of the gamma globulin by absorption with an anti-human Fc serum resulted in the concomitant loss of reactivity with the anti-streptococcal serum, strongly suggesting an intimate association of the streptococcal antigen with these complexes. The presence of streptococcal antigens within the circulating immune complex of patients with APSGN coupled with their specific presence in those strains associated with post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis argues strongly for a causal role of these antigens in the disease process.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1984

Optimal use of tolazoline in arteriography.

Intraarterial tolazoline, injected before the contrast medium in peripheral and visceral arteriography, has been shown to enhance the diagnostic value of the examination by inducing vasodilation. The time of maximal dilatation after injection, however, has not been clearly established. Photophlethysmography (PPG) was used to measure blood flow changes in 20 consecutive patients with lower-extremity arterial disease at rest and during the first 10 min after intraarterial tolazoline injection. Neither time to maximal dilatation (mean, 5.9 +/- 2.1 min) or PPG amplitude increase (mean, 251 +/- 177.2%) was significantly affected by the level of disease, severity of disease, or number of vessels present at the ankle. To make optimal use of tolazoline's vasodilatory effect, a waiting period of 6 min is recommended between tolazoline administration and contrast-medium injection in peripheral arteriography.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMed1983

Circadian rhythms and levels of beta-endorphin, ACTH, and cortisol during chronic methadone maintenance treatment in humans.

Previous studies have shown alterations of neuroendocrine function in humans receiving any narcotic on short-term basis or short-acting narcotics on a chronic basis. In this study of 16 well-stabilized patients, it was demonstrated that normalization of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function, as reflected by normal levels and normal circadian rhythm of levels of beta-endorphin, ACTH and cortisol, is achieved during long-term steady state methadone maintenance treatment of former heroin addicts.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1983

Lumbar spine x-rays: a multihospital study.

To define the usefulness of the lumbar spine x-ray series in the emergency department and to generate clinical criteria for optimizing its application, we retrospectively studied 552 consecutive emergency department patients for whom lumbar spine x-rays were ordered. Patients were divided into traumatic (47.6%) and nontraumatic (52.4%) groups. Three subgroups were created based on radiological findings: 1) "negative" (55.8%), 2) "possibly significant" (37%), and 3) "positive" (7.2%). The "positive" subgroup was compared with the other two subgroups in an attempt to define physical markers that correlated with positive radiological findings. Four clinical findings were present in significantly different frequencies between the positive group and others: an abnormal physical examination (90% vs 61.5%, respectively) (P less than .0001), tenderness (72.5% vs 41.2%) (P less than .0005), multiple positive findings (42.5% vs 20.7%) (P less than .005), and contusion or abrasion (15% vs 2.7%) (P less than .0005).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Bacterio-opsin mutants of Halobacterium halobium.

The bacterio-opsin (bop) gene of Halobacterium halobium R1 has been cloned with about 40 kilobases of flanking genomic sequence. The 40-kilobase segment is derived from the (G+C)-rich fraction of the chromosome and is not homologous to the major (pHH1) or minor endogenous covalently closed circular DNA species of H. halobium. A 5.1-kilobase Pst I fragment containing the bop gene was subcloned in pBR322 and a partial restriction map was determined. Defined restriction fragments of this clone were used as probes to analyze the defects associated with the bop gene in 12 bacterio-opsin mutants. Eleven out of 12 of the mutants examined had inserts ranging from 350 to 3,000 base pairs either in the bop gene or up to 1,400 base pairs upstream. The positions of the inserts were localized to four regions in the 5.1-kilobase genomic fragment: within the gene (one mutant), in a region that overlaps the 5' end of the gene (seven mutants), and in two different upstream regions (three mutants). Two revertants of the mutant with the most distal insert had an additional insert in the same region. The polar effects of these inserts are discussed in terms of inactivation of a regulatory gene or disruption of part of a coordinately expressed operon. Given the defined nature of the bop mRNA-i.e., it has a 5' leader sequence of three ribonucleotides-these observations indicate that the bop mRNA might be processed from a large mRNA transcript.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1983

The induction of ornithine decarboxylase by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or by serum is inhibited by antioxidants.

The mechanism of action of tumor promoters may involve the modulation of gene expression, e.g., the induction of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). The tumor promoter phorbol-13-myristate-12-acetate (PMA) induces chromosomal damage via the intermediacy of active oxygen species which may trigger the activation of certain genes. Therefore, we have studied the effect of antioxidants on the induction of ODC by PMA, medium change only and medium change plus PMA in mouse mammary tumor cells Mm5mt/C1. CuZn-superoxide dismutase (SOD, a scavenger of superoxide radicals), catalase (CAT, a scavenger of hydrogen peroxide) and mannitol (a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals) suppressed ODC induction under all three conditions. The relative inhibitory potency of the antioxidants was always SOD less than CAT less than mannitol less than SOD + CAT. Maximal suppression by SOD + CAT was approximately 50%. It is concluded that active oxygen species play a role in ODC induction by factors contained in serum and by PMA.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Spirits, shamans, and nightmare death: survivor stress in a Hmong refugee.

The interaction of war, flight, relocation, and survivor stress are examined in a case study of a Hmong refugee. The need for culturally appropriate treatments for non-Western clients is highlighted, and a possible link is suggested between the circumstances of the case study and sudden death syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Immunological studies of post-streptococcal sequelae: serological studies with an extracellular protein associated with nephritogenic streptococci.

Using the Ouchterlony double diffusion and the crossed-immunoelectrophoresis techniques the reactivity to a purified extracellular product of nephritogenic group A streptococci (NASP) was examined with both acute and convalescent sera obtained from patients with documented post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis and patients with documented acute rheumatic fever. The streptococcal antigen utilized in these studies was first purified on SDS gels and then eluted from the gel, resulting in a single protein band on SDS electrophoresis. Double diffusion studies revealed that only nephritis patients reacted to this extracellular product associated with nephritogenic strains, whereas rheumatic fever sera produced no line of precipitation. An assay of serial bleedings from nephritis patients suggested that the antibody reactive to the NASP was in higher titre in the acute phase of the disease and decreased with convalescence. In confirmation of these findings, crossed-immunoelectrophoresis experiments were conducted with a battery of sera from acute nephritic and non-nephritic patients against the NASP antigen. A striking increase was detected in the reactivity of nephritis patients (96%) compared to non-nephritis sera (15-20%). Comparison between acute and convalescent sera using this technique confirmed the finding of decreasing antibody titre with resolution of disease. These findings of a specific humoral response in patients with acute post-streptococcal nephritis to the NASP of nephritogenic strains further implicates an aetiological function to this protein.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Human pharmacokinetics of a new acridine derivative, 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide (NSC 249992).

The clinical pharmacology of 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide (amsacrine) was studied, utilizing [9-14C]amsacrine i.v. in 19 patients with disseminated neoplasms. The mean terminal plasma half-life for total 14C ranged from 34 hr in patients with normal organ function to 46 hr in patients with severe liver disease. For unchanged amsacrine, the mean values of plasma half-life were 7.4 and 17.2 hr for patients with normal and abnormal liver function, respectively. The plasma half-lives of 14C were prolonged, while those for unchanged amsacrine appeared to be normal in patients with renal dysfunction. The mean 72-hr cumulative urinary excretion of total 14C varied from 35% in normal patients to 49% in patients with severe liver disease, while patients with renal disease excreted only 2 to 16%. In comparison, the urinary excretion of unchanged amsacrine was 12, 20 and 2% of the administered dose, respectively, in these same patients. Amsacrine biliary excretion studied in two patients showed about 8 and 36% of the administered radioactivity excreted in the bile in 72 hr, with less than 2% as unchanged amsacrine. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of amsacrine were below 2% of the simultaneous plasma levels in three patients. Impaired amsacrine drug clearance was frequently associated with liver dysfunction. Patients with impaired amsacrine drug clearance experienced the most severe clinical toxicity. Hepatic metabolism and biliary excretion appear the most important routes for amsacrine elimination. Renal elimination, although less important, is significant in patients with severe kidney dysfunction. To avoid excessive clinical toxicity, initial dose reductions of 30 to 40% are recommended for patients with severe liver or renal disease or for those who have pharmacologically documented impaired drug clearance.

Aminoacridines↗