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Biomedical subjects

J Friedland

Publications and source records attributed to J Friedland.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Disability and depression: some etiological considerations.

Although the literature on this subject is fraught with ambiguity, it appears that there is a higher incidence of depression in people with disabilities than in the general population. The etiology of the disorder is by no means clear but several of the explanations which exist for depression in general, appear particularly suited when considering the disabled population. In this article, theoretical origins of the relationship between depression and disability are explored under two broad headings: Biological Factors and Psychosocial Factors. Clinical interventions and social-ecological implications pertinent to the various etiologies are discussed in relation to facilitating psychosocial adjustment and preventing serious depression. Problems of definition and methodology are noted and the importance of focusing attention on this high-risk population is stressed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

Development and breakdown of written language.

This article presents an overview of the development and breakdown of written language. Development of written language is reviewed for both the species and the child. Breakdown in written language is discussed in relation to the disorder of linguistic agraphia, with particular reference to studies involving cases that have resulted from a cerebral vascular accident. It is hoped that the juxtaposition of these perspectives of development and breakdown of written language may act as a catalyst for new research endeavors.

Agraphia↗
PubMed1990

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril suppresses a genetic polydipsic behavior.

The STR/N inbred mouse is a behavioral mutant that drinks up to four times its body weight in water or normal saline per day when given free access, despite the lack of physiological need. Since angiotensin II (AII) is a powerful elicitor of drinking behavior, we investigated the influence of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, on the amount of water consumed by the STR/N mouse. Oral administration of captopril, which inhibits formation of AII (active octapeptide) from AI (precursor decapeptide), resulted in a reduction of 46 to 79% in water consumption of 53 polydipsic STR/N mice, and a 20-42% increase in water consumption of 12 of 13 Swiss/Webster (S/W) normodipsic control mice. These results suggest that the polydipsic behavior of the STR/N mutant may involve mediation by AII and/or another molecule which is also suppressed by captopril, such as another peptide, which, for activation, requires cleavage by a peptidase which is inhibited by captopril.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Crisis in psychosocial occupational therapy: a closer look.

To date, there are no existing data concerning similarities and differences in occupational therapist shortages among the broad areas of clinical practice. Accordingly, this study sought to develop a profile of therapist shortages in Metropolitan Toronto within three broad foci of intervention, namely, physical dysfunction (PD), psychosocial dysfunction (PS), or a combination of both (C). Seventy-seven questionnaires were mailed to occupational therapy managers in Metropolitan Toronto. The 74% response rate from managers supervising a total of 516 therapists provided information which included numbers of existing positions (full- and part-time), numbers of vacancies and vacancy periods, as well as perceptions concerning reasons for vacancies and need for additional positions. Although no significant differences were found among vacancy rates in the three areas there was a perception that the greatest shortage was within the PS area of practice. Implications of these results are discussed in light of the perceived crisis in psychosocial therapy. Recommendations for future research are delineated.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1988

The leukaemic hairy cell in culture lacks the monocyte marker, angiotensin converting enzyme induction.

Hairy cells of hairy cell leukaemia are unique circulating mononuclear cells of questionable origin which possess features of both B-lymphocytes and monocytes. Angiotensin converting enzyme, which is consistently induced in monocytes in culture, was not induced in hairy cells in culture. This result is consistent with a lymphocytic rather than a normal monocytic cell lineage for the hairy cell. The origin of other monocytic phenotypic characteristics remains to be explained.

Enzyme Induction↗
PubMed1987

Social support and psychosocial dysfunction after stroke: buffering effects in a community sample.

This study examined the effect of social support as a mediator between stressful life events experienced by stroke survivors and outcome measured by psychosocial dysfunction. Eighty-five stroke survivors were interviewed at home two to 24 months after discharge from active rehabilitation. The sample was selected for a high number of stressful life events in the recent past, placing subjects at risk for psychosocial dysfunction. Eight components of social support were measured to determine the magnitude of their influence on adjustment. A new instrument, the Social Support Inventory for Stroke Survivors, was designed for this purpose. The General Health Questionnaire, used to measure psychosocial symptomatology, showed that 27% of the sample suffered psychosocial dysfunction. Multiple regression analysis explained 14.5% of total variance as due to social support and functional status. Risk analysis, using the odds ratio, indicated that an especially strong protective effect was produced by community social support.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1986

Sex-linked left lateralized central processor for hierarchically-structured material? Evidence from Broca's aphasia.

Based on a study with seven nonfluent aphasics, Grossman (Neuropsychologia 18, 299-308, 1980) advanced the 'central processor' claim that the mental representation of hierarchical linguistic structure is functionally equivalent to processing hierarchically-structured, nonlinguistic forms. Grossman reported that both abilities are compromised in Broca's aphasia. We attempted to replicate this effect with eight nonfluent aphasics using essentially the same task requiring the reconstruction from memory of stick designs. With the addition of controls for post-stroke interval, responding hand and gender, only the female aphasics had difficulty executing the hierarchical arrangement of visual-spatial materials. This sex difference disputes the strong form of the central processor hypothesis and supports the view that females may be more likely to possess partial noncomplementarity of specialization (dependence on the same hemisphere for selective language and spatial functions).

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Triiodothyronine increases serum angiotensin converting enzyme.

To determine whether elevated thyroid hormone is responsible for increased serum angiotensin converting enzyme in hyperthyroidism, 5 to 40 micrograms of 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine was administered orally and subcutaneously to female Swiss-Webster mice. Serum angiotensin converting enzyme was significantly increased in all animals given triiodothyronine compared to controls. Lung and kidney enzymes were moderately reduced in specific activity but unchanged in total activity due to increase in size of these organs. The results indicate that in hyperthyroidism, elevated thyroid hormone per se rather than the disease of the thyroid is responsible for elevated serum angiotensin converting enzyme.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Increased serum angiotensin-converting enzyme in chronic renal disease.

Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (SACE) was significantly elevated in 16 of 48 patients with various types of chronic renal disease not on hemodialysis [45.6 +/- (SD) 16.7 nmol/min/ml, p less than 0.001] and in 17 of 52 patients with chronic renal disease on maintenance hemodialysis (43.2 +/- 13.8, p less than 0.001) in comparison with 58 healthy adult controls (32.2 +/- 9.8). There was no significant relationship between SACE and renal function as indicated by serum creatinine and creatinine clearance, or the presence or absence of maintenance hemodialysis, except for a transiently increased elevation of SACE immediately post-dialysis due to hemoconcentration. There was a statistically insignificant positive correlation between SACE and 24-hour urinary protein excretion (r = 0.254, n = 21). Mean blood pressure measured in patients on maintenance hemodialysis was inversely related to SACE (p less than 0.05) following dialysis. Chronic renal disease irrespective of severity and therapy tends to be associated with elevated SACE and must be considered in the evaluation of sarcoidosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Elevated serum angiotensin-converting enzyme in hyperthyroidism.

Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme was elevated in patients with hyperthyroidism (72 +/- 31 nmol/minute/ml, n = 12, p less than 0.001) but not in patients with hypothyroidism (38 +/- 3, n = 3) or thyroiditis (26, n = 1), and was positively correlated in 23 patients with serum thyroxine concentration (r = 0.60, p less than 0.01) and triiodothyronine resin uptake (r = 0.56, p less than 0.01). Triiodothyronine failed to enhance the synthesis of angiotensin-converting enzyme in rabbit alveolar macrophages or in human monocytes in culture, suggesting that the increased serum enzyme is a consequence of an effect other than increased angiotensin-converting enzyme synthesis. Hyperthyroidism should be considered in the evaluation of serum angiotensin-converting enzyme for the diagnosis and management of sarcoidosis.

Dexamethasone↗
PubMed1983

Properties of soluble and particulate angiotensin-converting enzymes of rabbit lung, induced macrophage and serum.

Rabbit serum, lung and corticosteroid-induced macrophage angiotensin-converting enzymes were compared with respect to migration on polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, sucrose gradient centrifugation and Km. Cellular particulate enzymes solubilized by nonidet P40 had approximately half the electrophoretic mobility of soluble enzymes and a similar Km (1.2 mM). Trypsin treatment of nonidet P40 solubilized particulate enzyme converted its electrophoretic mobility to that of soluble enzyme, and rendered it non-aggregating in sucrose gradients lacking detergent, similar to soluble enzyme. Approximate molecular weights by sucrose gradient centrifugation were similar for all enzymes (135,000-158,000). The data suggest that lung and macrophage enzymes are similar and that cellular particulate enzyme may be convertible to soluble enzyme.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Angiotensin-converting enzyme in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

The relationship between serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and inflammatory bowel disease was investigated in 37 patients who had Crohn's disease, 31 patients who had ulcerative colitis, and 104 control subjects. The enzyme activity tended to be depressed in Crohn's ileitis (P less than 0.05) and colitis, but not in Crohn's ileocolitis and ulcerative colitis. No increase in enzyme activity was observed in Crohn's disease ileum or colon or in ulcerative colitis colon. The granulomatous inflammation in Crohn's disease differs from that in sarcoidosis, in which striking elevation of angiotensin-converting enzyme is present in granulomatous tissue and frequently in serum.

Adult↗