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Biomedical subjects

J Frey

Publications and source records attributed to J Frey.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Structure, self-regulating sequences, and institutional third parties in therapy: the Veterans Administration as a model.

This article examines the structural organization and sequences of interaction among therapists, institutions, and patients and their families that contribute to the problem of institutional dependence. Our contention is that when patients have become dependent on an institution for the livelihood and/or for the stability it represents, they are only one part of a systemic relationship characterized structurally by enmeshed boundaries, and sequentially by self-regulating feedback loops. We use this premise to outline the nature of the enmeshed transactions in patient-therapist, patient-institution, and therapist-institution relationships. Family interfaces with this triad are also addressed. Sequentially, we outline the interactions among patient, family, therapist, and institution that lead to hierarchical incongruities. These sequences tend to produce self-regulating feedback loops that perpetuate and maintain the structure of the system and its patterns of interaction. The final part of this article demonstrates how we strategically use a therapy team to manipulate the hierarchical incongruities and, hence, the recursive complementarity, that characterize the interactions between and among the members of this suprasystem. Besides manipulating the role of the therapist through team intervention, we also present several paradoxical and structural interventions that have been helpful when institutions have become third parties to therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Collagen biosynthesis in a case of epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica recessiva.

Collagen metabolism was studied in fibroblast cultures from a patient presenting an epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica recessiva (EBDR) syndrome characterized, in particular, by blistering below the basal lamina observed by electron microscopy. The previously described increase in collagen production was confirmed and several other qualitative modifications of the secreted collagen were observed, including an underhydroxylation of lysine, a decrease in the type III/type I collagen ratio, and an increase in the rapidly degraded collagen. On the other hand, these fibroblasts were able to organize and contract collagen to form a dermal equivalent like normal fibroblasts. Normal keratinocytes can grow and form an epidermal sheet on the surface of these dermal equivalents including normal or pathological fibroblasts.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1986

Fc gamma-receptor-mediated changes in the plasma membrane potential induce prostaglandin release from human fibroblasts.

Binding of aggregated human immunoglobulin G (IgG) on diploid human fibroblasts leads to a rapid depolarization of the cells within 1-2 min. We resolved this membrane potential change into its plasma membrane and mitochondrial membrane components by measuring the transmembrane distribution of the lipophilic tritium-labelled cation tetraphenylphosphonium, [3H]Ph4P+. The responsibility of the plasma membrane for the membrane potential change, induced by binding of IgGs, is demonstrated. The IgG-induced membrane depolarization leads to the induction of prostaglandin E2 synthesis. Aggregated immunoglobulins (IgG) are specifically bound via the Fc portion because only binding of Fc fragments, in contrast to (Fab')2 fragments, leads to a stimulation of prostaglandin E2 synthesis comparable to that mediated by IgGs. Depolarization of the plasma membrane by short incubation of the fibroblasts in high-K+ buffer (5 min) results in a stimulation of prostaglandin E2 synthesis comparable to that mediated by either aggregated human IgGs or Fc fragments. Our previous results on Fc gamma-receptor-mediated antigen-IgG-antibody complex internalization showed that a maximum uptake of these complexes could be detected 60-90 min after binding. Therefore, we conclude that not internalisation but binding of aggregated IgGs to the Fc gamma receptors on human fibroblasts is the stimulus for plasma membrane depolarization leading to an enhanced prostaglandin E2 release.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1986

Physical and genetic analysis of the ColD plasmid.

The plasmid ColD-CA23, a high-copy-number plasmid of 5.12 kilobases, encodes colicin D, a protein of approximately 87,000 daltons which inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. Colicin D production is under the control of the Escherichia coli SOS regulatory system and is released to the growth medium via the action of the lysis gene product(s). A detailed map of the ColD plasmid was established for 10 restriction enzymes. Using in vitro insertional omega mutagenesis and in vivo insertional Tn5 mutagenesis, we localized the regions of the plasmid responsible for colicin D activity (cda), for mitomycin C-induced lysis (cdl), and for colicin D immunity (cdi). These genes were all located contiguously on a 2,400-base-pair fragment similar to a large number of other Col plasmids (A, E1, E2, E3, E8, N, and CloDF). The ColD plasmid was mobilizable by conjugative transfer by helper plasmids of the IncFII incompatibility group, but not by plasmids belonging to the groups IncI-alpha or IncP. The location of the mobilization functions was determined by deletion analysis. The plasmid needs a segment of 400 base pairs, which is located between the mob genes and the gene for autolysis, for its replication.

Colicins↗
PubMed1986

Acceptance of a connective tissue equivalent for grafting and capsuloligamentary reconstruction.

A strip of a connective tissue equivalent prepared by using the patient's fibroblasts cultivated in vitro and calf skin collagen, was used for capsuloligamentary reconstruction of the knee. The study of the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses indicated that there was no cell-mediated immune reaction and only a transient humoral reaction 2 months after implantation. This first assay in human surgery gave a good functional result, and an immunological response was no longer observed 5 months after grafting.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Methods for the determination of hydroxyproline in clinical biochemistry].

In this paper, the different methodologies for the determination of hydroxyproline from biological fluids or tissue biopsies, are described. Thus, it is fitting to distinguish the methodologies requiring a chromatography before the revelation from the simplest methodologies with the colorimetric revelation of this amino acid in clinical biology; finally the two kinds of methodologies are different by their sensibility.

Chemistry, Clinical↗
PubMed1985

Omega mutagenesis in gram-negative bacteria: a selectable interposon which is strongly polar in a wide range of bacterial species.

We have used the 2.0-kb DNA fragment omega [Prentki and Krisch, Gene 29 (1984) 303-313] to mutagenize in vitro a broad-host-range plasmid carrying the entire meta-cleavage pathway of the Pseudomonas putida TOL plasmid pWW0. The mutant plasmids were subsequently introduced by conjugal mobilization into a variety of Gram-negative bacteria. The omega fragment carries a selectable marker (aadA+; SpcR/SmR), which is expressed in all species tested, as well as flanking transcription and translation termination signals and synthetic polylinkers. Expression of the plasmid-borne catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (C23O) gene, situated downstream from the site of omega insertion, was substantially reduced in all strains tested. The transcription terminators originally cloned from bacteriophage T4 gene 32, are apparently functional in a wide range of hosts. Insertional mutagenesis with the omega 'interposon' can thus be used in a wide variety of species, with the advantages of a positive selection for the presence of the fragment, the termination of RNA and protein synthesis beyond the site of insertion, and genetic stability of the resulting mutation.

DNA Restriction Enzymes↗
PubMed1985

ColD-derived cloning vectors that autoamplify in the stationary phase of bacterial growth.

The construction of cloning vectors based on the replicon of plasmid ColD-CA23 is reported. These vectors, like ColD itself, autoamplify when cultures of host bacteria enter the stationary phase of growth, thereby resulting in a substantial increase in the expression of cloned genes as a consequence of the increase in gene dosage. The principal advantage of these vectors is that, unlike the situation pertaining to other expression vectors, the increase in expression of genes cloned in ColD vectors does not require any experimental intervention (i.e., occurs naturally), and takes place at high cell densities. The vectors show high stability in Escherichia coli strains and are compatible with ColE1-type cloning vectors.

Catechol 2,3-Dioxygenase↗
PubMed1985

Air pollution, weather, and violent crimes: concomitant time-series analysis of archival data.

Archival data covering a 2-year period were obtained from three sources in order to assess relations among ozone levels, nine measures of meteorological conditions, day of the week, holidays, seasonal trends, family disturbances, and assaults against persons. Confirming results obtained in laboratory studies, more family disturbances were recorded when ozone levels were high than when they were low. Two-stage regression analyses indicated that disturbances and assaults against persons were also positively correlated with daily temperatures and negatively correlated with wind speed and levels of humidity. Further, distributed lag (Box-Jenkins) analyses indicated that high temperatures and low winds preceded violent episodes, which occurred more often on dry than humid days. In addition to hypothesized relations, it was also found that assaults follow complaints about family disturbances, which suggests that the latter could be used to predict and lessen physical violence. It was concluded that atmospheric conditions and violent episodes are not only correlated but also appear to be linked in a causal fashion. This conclusion, however, was qualified by a discussion of the limitations of archival data and concomitant time-series analysis.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed1985

Protein RepC is involved in copy number control of the broad host range plasmid RSF1010.

Essential replication (rep) genes of the broad host range plasmid RSF1010 have been cloned onto controlled expression vectors and their protein products have been visualized, after induction, by NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole cell lysates. During this induction the replication of a coresident RSF1010 replicon, pKT210, was analyzed by quantitative DNA X DNA hybridization. The initiation of pKT210 replication was stimulated 6-fold by a simultaneous overproduction of the RepA and RepC proteins compared to cells in which only the RepA protein was overproduced. An enhanced synthesis of the RepB protein resulted in a 1.6-fold stimulation of pKT210 replication, whereas an overproduction of the RepA protein alone had no effect. Purified RepC protein has been shown to bind preferentially to DNA carrying the replication origin of RSF1010. Within this segment it was bound specifically to those DNA fragments that contained the 20-base-pair direct repeats of the origin region. These results suggest that RepC protein acts as a positive replication regulator, that its concentration is rate-limiting, and that the replication rate of RSF1010 is controlled, at least in part, at the level of RepC synthesis.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1985

Cloning of genes involved in myo-inositol transport in a Pseudomonas sp.

A soil isolate of a Pseudomonas sp. can utilize myo-inositol (MI) as the sole carbon source. In this strain, MI is transported through the membrane by a high-affinity transport system in which a periplasmic binding protein is involved. Mutants impaired in the transport system were obtained by mutagenesis with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and subsequently identified by their slow growth rate at low MI concentrations. Strains with a low linear initial rate of MI uptake were analyzed. Using a broad-host-range cosmid cloning system, we have constructed a gene bank of the wild-type Pseudomonas sp. in an Escherichia coli recA-host. A rapid mating technique enabled us to screen the gene library for clones which are able to restore the active transport of MI in the mutant. An 11.5-kilobase segment containing genes involved in the MI transport has been isolated, and its restriction enzyme cleavage map has been determined.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed1984

Overinitiation of chromosome and plasmid replication in a dna Acos mutant of Escherichia coli K12. Evidence for dnaA-dnaB interactions.

The dnaAcos mutations are phenotypic suppressors of dnaAts46 that are co-transduced with dnaA, render the cell cold sensitive, and cause an excess of chromosome replication relative to cell mass when the cells are shifted from 42 degrees C to 32 degrees C. We have used pulse labelling and DNA-DNA hybridization to follow the effect of a temperature shift on the replication of the chromosome and of the plasmids pSC101, RTF-Tc, and lambda dv in such strains. After a shift of a dnaAcos strain from 42 degrees C to 32 degrees C (non-permissive temperature), initiation of the chromosome and replication of the plasmid pSC101 are stimulated, while the dnaA-independent plasmid RTF-Tc is not affected. The presence of pSC101 does not affect the level of overinitiation of the chromosome. The presence of lambda dv suppresses the cold sensitivity of dnaAcos mutants and allows the cells to grow at both 32 degrees C and 42 degrees C. The presence of lambda dv suppresses the overinitiation of chromosome and of pSC101 replication at 32 degrees C. Previous reports had shown that these suppressions involve an interaction between the dnaA product and the lambda P protein, which is also known to interact with dnaB. We show here that the mutant prophage P1 bac-crr, which produces high levels of a dnaB analogue, suppresses the dnaAcos phenotype, while wild type P1 does not. These results suggest that initiation involves interactions between the dnaA and dnaB products.

Chromosomes, Bacterial↗