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Biomedical subjects

J French

Publications and source records attributed to J French.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Infant astigmatism measured by photorefraction.

Photorefraction of a sample of 93 infants of ages 1 day to 12 months showed that 63 percent of the subjects had astigmatism of 0.75 diopter or greater, and 12 percent greater than 2 diopters. Seventy percent of these astigmatisms were in the horizontal-vertical meridians. By comparison, only 8 percent of a sample of 26 adults tested by the same method showed astigmatism (all 0.75 to 1 diopter). The high incidence of infant astigmatism has implications for critical periods in human visual development and for infant acuity.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Localization of pericardial effusion with wide angle phased array echocardiography.

Twenty-eight patients with proved pericardial effusions were studied in the left lateral decubitus position with an 80 degrees phased array sector scanner to determine the distribution of pericardial effusions of various sizes. Twenty-one of 28 patients were studied 2 minutes after assuming the sitting position to determine the change in the distribution of the effusions with postural change. In small volume effusions, the fluid was truly posterior at and below the atrioventricular groove. With moderate-sized effusions a more uniform distribution of the fluid was found, and with large effusions more fluid was visualized apically, posteromedially, laterally and anteriorly. Upright redistribution of the fluid was seen with moderate to large nonloculated effusions. Assumption of a uniform distribution of pericardial effusion used for M mode quantification is most valid for moderate effusions and less valid for small and large effusions. Imaging was performed in two additional patients with cardiac tamponade to assess qualitative changes in short axis ventricular volumes with respiration. The introduction of a pericardiocentesis needle was visualized. Clinical implications are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Effect of age on nodule induction by azaserine and DNA synthesis in rat pancreas.

The efficacy of various azaserine treatment durations was evaluated with respect to induction of atypical acinar cell nodules in Wistar rat pancreas and was related to animal age and rate of pancreatic DNA synthesis during growth. The sensitivity to nodule induction was maximal in postnatal rats when the rate of pancreatic DNA synthesis was high, whereas treatment of weanlings was less effective and treatment of mature rats was least effective. When weaned growing rats were given 1, 3, or 5 weekly injections of 30 mg azaserine/kg, the number of nodules induced was proportional to the number of injections. A single dose at this level did not induce detectable pancreatic necrosis or inflammation; therefore, DNA synthesis due to regeneration was probably not a major factor in the initiation of nodules. We concluded that multiple daily injections of [3H]thymidine during the first or second postnatal week provided DNA of sufficiently high specific activity for use in DNA repair and biochemical toxicity studies.

Aging↗
PubMed1977

The comparability of dosage regimens of Lanoxin tablets and Lanoxicaps.

1 Twice daily administration of 0.25 mg digoxin tablets (Lanoxin) or of 0.2 mg digoxin in solution in soft gelatin capsules (Lanoxicaps) produced similar mean steady state plasma digoxin concentrations in ten healthy volunteers. Respective values were 1.07 +/- 0.075 and 0.95 +/- 0.048 ng ml-1. 2 During continued administration, peak plasma concentrations occurred earlier after capsules with a tendency to higher peak levels. However, area under curve determinations over 7 h were similar. 3 Approximately 10% less digoxin was recovered in urine collected in a 12 h dosage interval during the lower dosage administration of capsules. Mean percentage urinary recovery of administered dose was 57% for tablets and 65% for capsules. 4 The enhanced bioavailability of Lanoxicaps was associated with reduced between-subject variability in plasma concentration. 5 Lanoxicaps (0.2 mg) should be approximately equivalent in effect to digoxin tablets (0.25 mg) currently available in the United Kingdom, though improved consistency would be anticipated.

Adult↗
PubMed1970

Identification of the acrylate porphyrin S-411 from meconium.

A new porphyrin isolated from calf and foal meconium has been characterized as a tris-(2-carboxyethyl)-mono-(2-carboxyvinyl)-tetramethyl porphin, that is as an analogue of coproporphyrin in which one propionate group has been replaced by an acrylate group. The porphyrin is mainly a type III isomer and its possible significance in haem biosynthesis is discussed.

Acrylates↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Short cervix: a cause of preterm delivery in young adolescents?

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that at midgestation younger adolescents (<16 years of age at conception) have shorter cervices than older adolescents (16-19 years of age at conception). METHODS: At midgestation (22.9 +/- 2.4 weeks) we measured cervical length by transvaginal ultrasound in a group of 46 13-19-year-old participants in an intensive, adolescent-oriented, antenatal program. Subjects were also comprehensively screened and treated for other recognized physiologic, microbiologic, obstetric, behavioral, and psychosocial factors associated with preterm delivery. Univariate, bivariate, and logistic regression analyses were used. RESULTS: The 18 younger adolescents had significantly shorter cervices than the 28 older adolescents (30 +/- 11 mm vs. 39 +/- 8 mm; P = 0.002). The younger adolescents' cervices were also more likely to be < or =25 mm long (33% and 4%, respectively; P = 0.02) and to exhibit funneling (39% vs. 4%; P = 0.01). Teenagers with cervices < or =25 mm long were younger, thinner, more apt to report vaginal bleeding and substance abuse, and to be treated for preterm labor (71% vs. 21%; P = 0.005). Logistic regression analyses revealed that age <16 years at conception (odds ratio = 13.7; 95% CI: 1.3-151.4) and substance abuse (odds ratio = 8.5; 95% CI: 1.2-62.8) were associated with cervical length < or =25 mm. Cervical length < or =25 mm was the only significant predictor of preterm delivery (odds ratio = 26.2; 95% CI: 2.1-333.6; P = 0.01) in this population of adolescents who were routinely treated for other recognized causes of preterm delivery. CONCLUSIONS: Cervical length < or =25 mm and cervical funneling may be complications of conception prior to 16 years of age. Randomized trials are needed to determine if younger adolescents benefit preferentially from ultrasound screening for short cervix at midgestation.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A beta peptide immunization reduces behavioural impairment and plaques in a model of Alzheimer's disease.

Much evidence indicates that abnormal processing and extracellular deposition of amyloid-beta peptide (A beta), a proteolytic derivative of the beta-amyloid precursor protein (betaAPP), is central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (reviewed in ref. 1). In the PDAPP transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, immunization with A beta causes a marked reduction in burden of the brain amyloid. Evidence that A beta immunization also reduces cognitive dysfunction in murine models of Alzheimer's disease would support the hypothesis that abnormal A beta processing is essential to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, and would encourage the development of other strategies directed at the 'amyloid cascade'. Here we show that A beta immunization reduces both deposition of cerebral fibrillar A beta and cognitive dysfunction in the TgCRND8 murine model of Alzheimer's disease without, however, altering total levels of A beta in the brain. This implies that either a approximately 50% reduction in dense-cored A beta plaques is sufficient to affect cognition, or that vaccination may modulate the activity/abundance of a small subpopulation of especially toxic A beta species.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of acupressure by Sea-Bands on nausea and vomiting of pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of continuous acupressure at P6 applied by Sea-Bands with acupressure buttons on the frequency and severity of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy during the 1 st trimester. DESIGN: A two-group, quasi-experimental, posttest-only and posttest-repeated measure. SETTING: Seventeen medical clinics or offices in southern Michigan. PARTICIPANTS: Convenience sample of English-speaking, healthy pregnant women in their 1 st trimester, who had at least one episode of nausea, vomiting, or both before their prenatal clinic/office visit where they were recruited. After being accepted for the study, the women were randomly assigned to treatment or placebo groups. INTERVENTION: Treatment group 1 applied SeaBands with acupressure buttons to both wrists for 4 days and removed the Sea-Bands for 3 subsequent days. Placebo group 2 applied the Sea-Bands without acupressure buttons to both wrists on the same time schedule as group 1. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Self-report daily diaries of the number of times per day that participants experienced nausea, the severity of nausea, the number of vomiting episodes per day, and the severity of vomiting. RESULTS: Mann-Whitney U procedures revealed that the treatment group had significantly less frequency and severity of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy while wearing the Sea-Bands than did the placebo group. The treatment group also had significantly less frequency and severity of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy while wearing the SeaBands than when not wearing the Sea-Bands. CONCLUSIONS: Sea-Bands with acupressure buttons are a noninvasive, inexpensive, safe, and effective treatment for the nausea and vomiting of pregnancy.

Acupressure↗