Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J Freeman.
An attempt was made to separate 7-wk-old conjoined twins. It proved unsuccessful because of extensive cardiac malformations in the shared heart. Details of operation and postmortem findings are described.
Studies of nosocomial infection are difficult to evaluate because of differences in the relative susceptibility of patients to the acquisition of such infections, the use of different methods of surveillance, and the frequent failure to distinguish between measurements of incidence and of prevalence. A standardized approach to these variables has been tested at a large municipal hospital. The systematic identification of potential risk factors for nosocomial infection allows the evaluation of the individual components of risk, valid epidemiologic comparisons between hospital populations, and a more accurate estimate of the potential cost-effectiveness of activities for the control of infection. The data indicate that it is feasible to calculate the relative risk of nosocomial infection for each patient, using basic criteria obtainable at the bedside, supplemented with other generally available information. The risk of infection must be calculated per day rather than per admission to separate the effect of long hospital stay from the effect of high daily risk. Certain underlying diseases, procedures, hospital services, and categories of age, sex, race, and urgency of admission were all found to be significant risk factors for nosocomial infection.
Four cases of large angle exotropia secondary to third nerve palsy are presented. An effective technique involving recession of the lateral rectus and splitting and advancement of the medial rectus is presented.
A battery of assessment measures, including MCQ measures of factual recall, MEQ measures of problem-solving skills, measures of attitudes, intelligence and ability, and personality factors, was administered to the trainee intakes of a number of post-graduate training courses for general practice on a pre-course/post-course basis (trainee sample N = 80). The tests were administered in parallel to a similar number of registered general practitioners (N = 80). The trainees in the sample were also regularly assessed by their teachers, hospital consultants and registered general practitioners by means of rating scales described below. In this paper, attention is focused on the MCQ and MEQ measures. The results show significant improvement in post-test scores, particularly among the poorer students and particularly in the crucial area of problem solving skills. This was related to the organizational structure of th courses: the poorer students gained greatest benefit from courses which featured the regular and frequent use of seminars and group teaching methods. Below we have given the correlations between the pre- and post-test scores for both the best students and poorest students as determined by the in-course performance measure, the rating scales used by the consultants and general practitioner tutors.
The risks associated with general anaesthesia for ambulant patients demand a high standard of organisation, preoperative assessment, and postoperative surveillance and evaluation. Guidelines are presented to help surgeons and anaesthetists to enserve an adequate standard of clinical care.
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A case of dysphagia secondary to oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy is described. On the basis of the patient's clinical condition, radiographic and manometric findings, a cricopharyngeal myotomy was performed, resulting in relief from dysphagia.
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Forty-five calves with artificial and pasture-acquired nematode infections were medicated with albendazole at dose levels of 0, 2.5, 5.0, or 10 mg/kg of body weight. A dose level of 2.5 mg/kg removed at least 99% of adult Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Cooperia oncophora, and Bunostomum phlebotomum. Burdens of Haemonchus contortus, Strongyloides papillosus, and Ostertagia ostertagi were reduced 79, 88, and 97%, respectively. At a dose level of 5.0 mg/kg, at least 95% of all adult nematodes were removed; at 10 mg/kg, at least 97% were removed. At least 99% of 4th-stage larvae of O ostertagi, T axei, C oncophora and T colubriformis and 96% of H contortus were expelled at a dose level of 2.5 mg/kg. At 5.0 and 10 mg/kg, 99 to 100% of all species of larvae were removed. Trichuris spp adults were slightly susceptible at all dose levels; larvae were susceptible (83%) only at 10 mg/kg.
Rats of various ages (2, 12, 24, and 40 mo of age) were exposed for 4 wk to either a simulated high altitude of 23,000 ft or to a Peoria, Ill., altitude of 650 ft above sea level. Hematocrit ratios, hemoglobin, and erythrocytic 2,3-diphospho-glycerate (2,3-DPG) concentrations were measured. Hematocrit and hemoglobin determinations revealed a decrease in erythrocytic content with increasing age, and the augmented erythropoietic response was seen in all age groups of animals as a result of altitude exposure. The maximal erythrocytic content of hemoglobin in the 40-mo-old animals was significantly lower than that of all other age groups. Erythrocytic 2,3-DPG levels were significantly changed by aging alone. In the 40-mo-old group there was a 35% increase over the next highest sea-level value. However, while erythrocytic 2,3-DPG content increased significantly in all other age groups following altitude exposure, it decreased 46% in the 40-mo-old group.
A method is described which allows for the in vitro evaluation of various etiological components in autoimmune hemolytic anemia. As an example of the applicability of the technique, erythrocytes and serum from a patient with an autoimmune hemolytic anemia suspected to be due to poliovirus III were tested with poliovirus III and complement. Incubation of the patient's cells with complement, poliovirus and autologous serum was required for optimal in vitro fragility. The method is proposed as a practical and convenient in vitro technique for evaluating the participation of individual components in the pathogenesis of autoimmune hemolytic anemias.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.