Biomedical subjects
J Foster
Publications and source records attributed to J Foster.
Objective measures and occupational success.
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Australian College of Ophthalmologists. Presidential address: an inevitable development.
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Common bile duct obstruction by ascaris with hepatic abscess.
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The inquisitorial versus the trial system.
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Experimental prevention of nerve homograft rejection by use of immunosuppressive drugs.
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Modifications of the Blaskovics and Wright ptosis operations.
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A rapid multiple line reading type.
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Bioavailability of a commercial sustained-release quinidine tablet compared to oral quinidine solution.
The bioavailability of quinidine sulfate after oral administration of a commercial sustained-release quinidine tablet was compared with that of oral quinidine sulfate solution in 18 normal subjects. Three hundred milligrams of each product was administered to each subject in standard cross-over fashion on separate occasions, with plasma quinidine levels measured for 46 h after each dose. Although peak plasma quinidine levels were lower, and occurred later, after tablet administration than after solution, analysis of the area under the plasma quinidine level-time curve (AUC) values for each product indicated that the products were equivalent, in terms of the extent of absorption, with the mean AUC (0-46 h) value for the tablet, 8744 . 4 ng x h ml-1, comparable to that of the solution, 9145 . 9 ng x h ml-1.
Influence of a continuous cimetidine infusion on lidocaine plasma concentrations in patients.
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Laparoscopic feeding jejunostomy: also a simple technique.
Placement of feeding tubes is a common procedure for general surgeons. While the advent of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy has changed and improved surgical practice, this technique is contraindicated in many circumstances. In some patients placement of feeding tubes in the stomach may be contraindicated due to the risks of aspiration, gastric paresis, or gastric dysmotility. We describe a technique of laparoscopic jejunostomy tube placement which is easy and effective. It is noteworthy that this method may be used in patients who have had previous abdominal operations, and it has the added advantage of a direct peritoneal view of the viscera. We suggest that qualified laparoscopic surgeons learn the technique of laparoscopic jejunostomy.
An immunoglobulin promoter displays cell-type specificity independently of the enhancer.
Recent studies in which cloned immunoglobulin genes were introduced into cultured cells have produced two significant findings. First, the genes are expressed after transfection into lymphoid cells but not non-lymphoid cells. Second, transcription of an immunoglobulin gene requires, in addition to the promoter region, an enhancer element located downstream of the transcription start site. These findings raise the question of whether it is the promoter or the enhancer region that is responsible for the observed cell-type specificity. It has, in fact, been shown that immunoglobulin enhancers function only in lymphoid cells. We show here that the promoter for an immunoglobulin kappa light-chain gene also is strongly specific for lymphoid cells. Our result reemphasizes the importance of promoters relative to enhancers in determining which cells express which genes.
cDNA array reveals increased expression of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide following chronic clozapine treatment: role in atypical antipsychotic drug-induced adverse metabolic effects.
Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug with unique pharmacological and therapeutic properties. Unlike the typical antipsychotic drug, haloperidol, clozapine does not cause extrapyramidal side effects; however, weight gain, dyslipidemia, and type II diabetes are commonly associated with the use of this drug in subjects with schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to profile gene expression in the rat striatum following clozapine treatment. Chronic treatment with clozapine revealed upregulation of several genes including the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) gene by over 200% in the rat striatum. The cDNA array results for the GIP gene were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR as well as by radioimmunoassay. Expression of the GIP gene in the central nervous system is consistent with the results of retinal GIP gene expression as reported by other investigators. Taken together, these findings implicate the possible role of GIP as a neuromodulator in the central nervous system. GIP is an insulinotropic agent with stimulatory effects on insulin synthesis and release from the pancreas. However, changes in brain GIP levels are most likely unrelated to the metabolic adverse effects (dyslipidemia, type II diabetes, weight gain) associated with clozapine treatment. Therefore, we also measured GIP gene expression in the K-cell-rich regions, duodenum and jejunum (small intestine), and plasma GIP levels using radioimmunoassay following chronic treatment with clozapine. GIP mRNA levels in the small intestine and the plasma GIP at the protein level were significantly elevated in clozapine-treated subjects. Furthermore, as observed in humans, chronic clozapine treatment also caused weight gain, and increased levels of insulin, triglycerides and leptin in the plasma. These results suggest that adverse metabolic effects associated with clozapine treatment may be related to its ability to increase intestinal gene expression for GIP.
Expressed sequence tags for the chicken genome from a normalized 10-day-old White Leghorn whole embryo cDNA library: 1. DNA sequence characterization and linkage analysis.
Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) provide a rapid and reliable method for gene discovery as well as a resource for the large-scale analysis of gene expression of known and unknown genes. Here we describe a normalized cDNA library developed from a 10-day-old White Leghorn chicken whole embryo. The utility of the library was evaluated by partial sequencing of 99 randomly selected insert-containing clones and the analysis of EST-targeted genomic regions for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the East Lansing chicken reference DNA mapping panel. Using stringent match criteria of percent identity of 80 or higher across a length of 50 or more bases, 46 ESTs matched database sequences including previously reported Gallus gallus genes. Thirty-seven of the 50 primer pairs developed from 50 unique ESTs amplified a single fragment. The size of the 37 amplicons ranged from 276 to 693 bp for a total of 17,508 and an average of 473. About 70% of the SNPs detected were either G-->A or C-->T transition. The number of SNPs detected within the amplicons from EST-targeted genomic regions ranged from 0 to 4 for a total of 65 and a frequency of about 1 every 470 bases. About 35% of the amplicons contained only 1 SNP, while 19% had 4 SNPs. Using the SNPs that were informative in the East Lansing reference panel, 17 ESTs were mapped on the East Lansing chicken genetic map. The ESTs described, as well as the nucleotide variants identified within the EST-targeted genomic regions, represent significant resources for genome analysis in the chicken.
Faith communities and HIV/AIDS prevention in New York State: results of a statewide survey.
OBJECTIVES: The authors surveyed religious congregations in New York State to document the extent to which HIV/AIDS-related education and prevention services were being offered; to identify barriers to offering services; and to assess respondents' willingness to meet with HIV/AIDS service providers in their communities. METHODS: In October 1997, a questionnaire was mailed to all congregations in New York State. Due to an initially poor response rate, follow-up telephone interviews were made to a random sample of non-respondents. Survey responses were weighted to represent all congregations across New York State. RESULTS: Just 16.7% of congregations provided or facilitated HIV/AIDS-related prevention services. Respondents cited both attitudinal and resource-related reasons for not offering services. There was a striking discordance between respondents' perceptions of the need for HIV/AIDS prevention services in their communities and an objective measure of need created by the Health Department. Approximately half of survey respondents expressed willingness to meet with HIV/AIDS service providers. CONCLUSION: Follow-up efforts to increase the number of religious congregations providing, facilitating, or offering referrals to HIV/AIDS-related education and prevention services are warranted.
Home health services social work treatment protocol.
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Developing a new uniform policy for student nurses.
It has been recognized that for many years traditional nurse uniforms are far from ideal. Inappropriate uniforms can be a contributory causative factor in back injury among nurses. Many nurses hold firmly to a traditional view of what constitutes a 'proper' nurse's uniform. Uniforms can act as a barrier and hindrance in the development of the therapeutic relationship between nurse and patient. Many colleges of nursing face amalgamation. This presents them with an opportunity to re-examine their uniform policies and rationalize the many into the one.
The seminar: how to develop and deliver a dynamic presentation.
Oral presentation of information and facilitation of discussion by students through seminar presentation are now major components of many graduate nursing courses. Facilitators of seminars need to use a wide variety of techniques to structure the interaction of learners to develop higher order cognitive skills. Seminars are a method of motivating and involving participants through discussion and interaction with facilitators and peers. Participants build on each others' knowledge and ideas through discussion while also discovering new knowledge for themselves which generates and sustains interest, attention and critical thinking. Students' previous experiences in communicating information and ideas, however, have been focused primarily on writing reports and essays, not in oral presentation that often leaves graduate students at a loss to know how to develop and deliver effective and interesting seminars. The authors have identified a lack of easily accessible literature for nurses on how to conduct seminar presentations. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to offer some practical suggestions with respect to the development and delivery of successful seminar presentations. The authors will discuss key skills such as how to prepare and structure seminars, how to facilitate discussion, use visual aids and how to deal with problems common to the conduct of seminars.