Film image of healthcare exec calls for corrective campaign.
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Chief Executive Officers, Hospital↗
Biomedical subjects
J Flory
Publications and source records attributed to J Flory.
Influence of genotype on diet-induced changes in membrane phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine composition of splenocytes, liver nuclear envelope and liver mitochondria.
Inbred congenic mice of strains MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (lpr/lpr) and MRL/Mp(-)+/+ (+/+) were fed nutritionally adequate semipurified diets containing 20% (w/w) fat and differing in linoleic acid content. Levels of linoleic acid (18:2n-6) and arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) in phospholipids of splenocytes, liver mitochondria and liver nuclear envelopes were determined. Membranes of lpr/lpr mice exhibited significantly lower levels of 18:2n-6 and 20:4n-6 in phospholipids compared with the +/+ strain. The high linoleic acid diet increased incorporation of 18:2n-6 and 20:4n-6 in most phospholipid fractions of these membranes. These observations indicate that genotype as well as dietary 18:2n-6 content significantly influenced incorporation of 18:2n-6 and 20:4n-6 into membrane phospholipids. The results also suggest that membrane compositional abnormalities found in the lpr/lpr mice, which develop lymphoma and age faster than +/+ mice, are not restricted to the immune system but also extend to other organs. Differences observed in phospholipid fatty acid composition in splenocytes and liver subcellular membranes for mice fed diets differing in linoleic acid content suggest that the early expression of the lpr gene resulting in progression of autoimmunity may be delayed through dietary manipulation.
Animals↗
Hospitals increase efforts to attract physicians.
Physician marketing has mushroomed in the last three years, and the growth in number of departments is matched by labor and budget increases. Nationwide, physician marketing programs are getting high scores for effectiveness. These are some of the results from a survey sponsored by the American Hospital Association's Society for Healthcare Planning and Marketing, Chicago; National Research Corp., Lincoln, NE; and Medstar Communications, Inc., Allentown, PA. Learn how hospitals are investing their physician marketing dollars, and what they're getting in return.
Data Collection↗
Principles and procedures in female breast reconstruction in the young child's burn injury.
Thermic lesions of the neck, the shoulder, and the thoracic wall in young children are characterized by identical etiology, pathology, and prognosis. Scald injuries from hot liquids cause deep second-degree up to superficial third-degree burns. In these injuries the subcutaneously located mammary gland is not affected. Therefore, the severe deformities that may occur in puberty are only defects of the soft tissue coverage and not of the mammary glands. Radical scar excision and skin grafting is the therapy of choice. Z-plasty and local flaps may correct these burn defects only partially because the loss of tissue is compensated only by a new distribution of the adjacent skin areas.
Accidents, Home↗
Influence of genotype on the phospholipid fatty acid composition of splenic T and B lymphocytes in MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr mice.
The MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr mice manifest a T cell proliferative and autoimmune disorder. Similar changes occur much later in the life of MRL/MpJ-+/+ mice. MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr (lpr/lpr) and MRL/MpJ-+/+ (+/+) mice were fed for six weeks nutritionally adequate semipurified diets containing 20% (w/w) fat, but differing in linoleic acid content. The phospholipid fatty acid composition of T and B cells was found to be dependent on genetic background of mice and level of linoleic acid in the diet. Changes in the levels of specific fatty acids like 16:0, 18:2 omega 6, 22:5 omega 3 and 22:6 omega 3 in some of the phospholipid components were observed in the MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr strain in both the B and T cell types as compared with their normal +/+ counterpart strain. T cells of lpr/lpr mice exhibited significantly higher levels of 20:4 omega 6 than did T cells of other strain. High levels of dietary linoleic acid significantly increased incorporation of 18:2 omega 6 in T and B cells, while the effect on other fatty acids of the two types of cells varied with the phospholipid classes and fatty acids when compared with the low linoleic acid fed-group. Differences observed in the phospholipid fatty acid composition of the T and B cells of the congenic mice might contribute to differences in rate of progression of age-related changes suggesting that the autoimmune disorder might be mitigated by dietary manipulation.
Animals↗
The distribution of unsulphated and sulphated glycosaminoglycans in palmar fascia from patients with Dupuytren's disease and healthy subjects.
Eighty specimens from 20 patients with Dupuytren's disease and 7 biopsies of healthy palmar fascia were analysed for their glycosaminoglycan isomer patterns with a combined enzymatic/HPLC method. The diseased portions of palmar fascia tissue were characterized by elevated total glycosaminoglycans together with a relative increase in the sulphated fractions. The macroscopic stages of nodules, bands and unaffected tissue could be classified very well by multivariate statistical analysis on the basis of their glycosaminoglycan patterns. The biochemical analysis provided evidence of the pathological process even in those specimens that did not yet show any clinical symptoms of the disease.
Adult↗
The distribution of Escherichia coli recA protein bound to duplex DNA with single-stranded ends.
A short single-stranded tail on one end of an otherwise duplex DNA molecule enables recA protein, in the presence of ATP and MgCl2, to form a complex with the DNA which extends into the duplex portion of the molecule. Nuclease protection studies at a concentration of MgCl2 which permits homologous pairing showed that cleavage by restriction endonucleases at sites throughout the duplex region was inhibited, whereas digestion by DNase I was not affected. These results indicate that recA protein binds to the duplex portion of tailed DNA allowing access by DNase I to a random sample of the many sites at which it cleaves, but providing limited protection of the relatively rare restriction sites. Electron microscopy revealed that the recA nucleoprotein complex with duplex DNA is indeed a segmented or interrupted filament that, with time, extends further from the single-stranded tail into the duplex region. recA protein binding extended into the duplex region more rapidly for duplexes with 5' tails than for those with 3' tails. These observations show that recA protein translocates from a single-stranded region into duplex DNA in the form of a segmented filament by a mechanism that is not strongly polarized.
DNA Restriction Enzymes↗
The pairing activity of stable nucleoprotein filaments made from recA protein, single-stranded DNA, and adenosine 5'-(gamma-thio)triphosphate.
Under conditions that diminish secondary structure in single-stranded DNA, stable presynaptic filaments can be formed by recA protein in the presence of the nonhydrolyzable analog ATP gamma S, without the need for Escherichia coli single strand binding protein. Such stable presynaptic filaments resemble those formed in the presence of ATP and pair efficiently with homologous duplex DNA. Since this kind of stable filament does not displace a strand from the duplex molecule, it provides a model substrate to study synapsis independent of the earlier and later stages of the recA reaction. Even though detectable strand displacement did not occur in the presence of ATP gamma S, both single strand and double strand breaks in duplex DNA stimulated homologous pairing. These and related observations support the view that the presynaptic nucleoprotein filament and naked duplex DNA intertwine to form a nascent joint in which the duplex DNA is partially unwound, i.e. in which the pitch of the involved duplex segment is reduced.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
Intermediates in homologous pairing promoted by recA protein. Isolation and characterization of active presynaptic complexes.
recA protein promotes homologous pairing and strand exchange by an ordered reaction in which the protein first polymerizes on single-stranded DNA. This presynaptic intermediate, which can be formed either in the presence or absence of Escherichia coli single-stranded binding protein (SSB), has been isolated by gel filtration and characterized. At saturation, purified complexes contained one molecule of recA protein per 3.6 nucleotide residues of single-stranded DNA. Complexes that had been formed in the presence of SSB contained up to one molecule of SSB per 15 nucleotide residues, but the content of SSB in different preparations of isolated complexes appeared to be inversely related to the content of recA protein. Even when they have lost as much as a third of their recA protein, presynaptic complexes can retain activity, because the formation of stable joint molecules depends principally on the binding of recA protein to the single-stranded DNA in the localized region that corresponds to the end of the duplex substrate.
Adenosine Diphosphate↗
A monoclonal antibody that recognizes the functional domain of Escherichia coli single-stranded DNA binding protein that includes the ssb-113 mutation.
We have isolated a monoclonal antibody against Escherichia coli single-stranded DNA binding protein (SSB) that recognizes the functional domain specified by the ssb-113 temperature-sensitive mutation, a domain which is distinct from the DNA-binding site. Although the ssb-113 and ssb-1 mutations result in many similar phenotypic defects, they differ significantly in others, indicating that they affect different functional domains of the protein. Whereas the SSB-1 mutant protein is clearly defective in tetramer formation and is also unable to bind single-stranded DNA at nonpermissive temperatures, no similar in vitro defects have yet been found in the SSB-113 mutant protein. In fact, the only reported in vitro effect of the ssb-113 mutation on the protein is a slight increase in its helix destabilizing ability. Competition radioimmunoassays using a monoclonal antibody demonstrated that SSB-113 mutant protein, containing a single amino acid substitution at position 176 (the penultimate residue), did not compete with SSB while SSB-1 protein (with a single change at position 55) did compete with SSB. This analysis was refined by studies with a proteolysis fragment and with peptides derived from both SSB and SSB-113. The results indicate that the antibody recognizes a determinant near the COOH-terminal end of the protein and that the SSB-113 mutation lies within or very close to this determinant.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
The health care executive's involvement in cost containment.
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Cost Control↗
A look at the future of the health care system.
Payment systems are driving many of the changes in the health care system and those payment systems will continue to change in the years ahead. Cost containment pressures have already brought physicians and administrators together in efforts to reduce length of stay and diagnostic tests. Increased competition, fiscal restraints and prescribed patient care protocols will continue to influence tomorrow's physicians. Hospitals must find increased opportunities for physician participation in continuing education, management decision making, and business ventures such as development of ambulatory care centers, preferred provider organizations (PPOs) or health maintenance organizations (HMOs). Only by working together can physicians and administrators achieve their ultimate goal of providing quality health care that is also cost effective for both the hospital and the patient.
Delivery of Health Care↗
[Experiences in the use of pedicled muscle flaps in reconstructive accident surgery].
The one year-experience with muscle and musculocutaneous flaps in 16 patients with 18 flaps in different regions of the body is represented. The indications were open fractures with extensive loss of soft tissue, infectious complications after joint-replacement or osteomyelitis, defects after tumor resection or irradiation therapy and decubital ulcers. In 11 patients there was a satisfactory result. Complications with partial loss of the flap resulted from primary transposition in open fractures with marked contusion of the muscle, neglection of the specific vascularisation pattern or irradical necrectomy. Viewing the relatively simple operative techniques with muscle and musculocutaneous transposition or island flaps, free microvascular tissue transfer may be unnecessary in many situations.
Amputation, Traumatic↗
Isolation and visualization of active presynaptic filaments of recA protein and single-stranded DNA.
In the presence of ATP, recA protein forms a presynaptic complex with single-stranded DNA that is an obligatory intermediate in homologous pairing. Presynaptic complexes of recA protein and circular single strands that are active in forming joint molecules can be isolated by gel filtration. These isolated active complexes are nucleoprotein filaments with the following characteristics: (i) a contour length that is at least 1.5 times that of the corresponding duplex DNA molecule, (ii) an ordered structure visualized by negative staining as a striated filament with a repeat distance of 9.0 nm and a width of 9.3 nm, (iii) approximately 8 molecules of recA protein and 20 nucleotide residues per striation. The widened spacing between bases in the nucleoprotein filament means that the initial matching of complementary sequences must involve intertwining of the filament and duplex DNA, unwinding of the latter, or some combination of both to equalize the spacing between nascent base pairs. These experiments support the concept that recA protein first forms a filament with single-stranded DNA, which in turn binds to duplex DNA to mediate both homologous pairing and subsequent strand exchange.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
Wanted: CEOs and trustees with a business perspective.
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Commerce↗
Three phases in homologous pairing: polymerization of recA protein on single-stranded DNA, synapsis, and polar strand exchange.
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Bacterial Proteins↗
Visualization of recA protein and its association with DNA: a priming effect of single-strand-binding protein.
A stoichiometric interaction of RecA protein with single-stranded DNA promotes homologous pairing of the single strand with duplex DNA and subsequent polar formation of a heteroduplex joint. Escherichia coli single-strand-binding (SSB) protein augments these reactions. Electron microscopic observations suggest structural bases for these interactions. Without triphosphates or DNA, RecA protein forms short linear filaments. With added circular single-stranded DNA, it forms extended circular filaments as well as collapsed and aggregated complexes of protein and DNA. The extended circular filaments are stiff and regular in appearance, contrasting with the convoluted structure formed by SSB protein and single-stranded DNA. Together, these two proteins form mixed filaments, which mostly resemble the extended structures containing RecA protein; moreover, SSB protein accelerates formation of extended filaments more than 50-fold, increasing the yield of these structures at the expense of heterogeneous aggregates. Other observations further define the interactions of RecA protein with partially single-stranded DNA, and the effects of ATP gamma S on the tendency of RecA protein to form polymeric structures even in the absence of DNA.
Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
The topographical and neuroanatomical distribution of neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques in the cerebral cortex of patients with Alzheimer's disease.
The distribution of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and neuritic plaques (NPs) was mapped in 39 cortical areas of 11 brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Whole hemisphere blocks were embedded in polyethylene glycol (Carbowax), sectioned coronally, and stained with thioflavin S and thionin. The densities of NFTs and NPs were assessed using a numerical rating scale for each area. Scores were grouped by type of cortex and by lobe for statistical analysis. Highly significant differences were obtained. For example, limbic periallocortex and allocortex had more NFTs than any other type of cortex. In descending order, the density of NFTs was as follows: periallocortex (area 28) greater than allocortex (subiculum/CA1 zones of hippocampal formation, area 51) greater than corticoid areas (accessory basal nucleus of amygdala, nucleus basalis of Meynert) greater than proisocortex (areas 11, 12, 24, 23, anterior insula, 38, 35) greater than nonprimary association cortex (32, 46, superior temporal sulcus, 40, 39, posterior parahippocampal cortex, 37, 36) greater than primary sensory association cortex (7, 18, 19, 22, 21, 20) greater than agranular cortex (44-5, 8, 6, 4) greater than primary sensory cortex (41-2, 3-1-2, 17). The laminar distribution of NFTs tended to be selective, involving primarily layers III and V of association areas and layers II and IV of limbic periallocortex. There were far more NFTs in both limbic and temporal lobes than in frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes. In general, NPs were more evenly distributed throughout the cortex, with the exceptions of limbic periallocortex and allocortex, which had notably fewer NPs than other cortical areas. Temporal and occipital lobes had the highest NP densities, limbic and frontal lobes had the lowest, and parietal lobe was intermediate. No significant left-right hemispheric differences for NFT or NP densities were found across the population, and there was no relationship between duration of illness and densities of NFTs or NPs. The regional and laminar distribution of NFTs (and, to a lesser degree, that of NPs) suggests a consistent pattern of vulnerability within the cerebral cortices that seems correlated to the hierarchies of cortico-cortical connections. The higher-order association cortices, especially those in the anterior and ventromedial sectors of temporal lobe, are the most vulnerable, while other cortices appear less vulnerable to a degree commensurate with their connectional "distance" (i.e., synapses removed) from the limbic areas.
Aged↗