Increasing living kidney donation in African Americans.
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Black or African American↗
Biomedical subjects
J Flores
Publications and source records attributed to J Flores.
Vital staining from dye-coated microprobes identifies new olfactory interneurons for optical and electrical recording.
A versatile technique for dye application in living tissue is described, which results in labeling of viable cells from which electrophysiological or optical recordings can be obtained. The dye-coated surface of a glass microelectrode tip is used to apply anatomical tracers or calcium sensitive probes with spatial precision. A total of three types of dyes have been applied in this way to find and record from olfactory interneurons in the terrestrial mollusc Limax maximus. Crystals of 1,1'-didodecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) formed on the tips of glass microelectrodes were placed in the procerebral lobe, the major olfactory processing center of Limax. Somata in buccal and pedal ganglia with processes extending several 100 microm to the procerebral lobe were stained within 4-6 h. Intracellular recordings from DiI stained buccal (B(PC)) and pedal (P(PC)) cells were obtained. Cross correlograms of the oscillatory field potential in the procerebral lobe and spontaneous action potentials in P(PC) or B(PC) show that P(PC) activity is weakly coupled to the oscillation in the procerebral lobe, while B(PC) activity is clearly coupled to the oscillation. Stimulation of the procerebral lobe with nitric oxide activated P(PC) cells but suppressed activity in B(PC) cells. Calcium green-10Kdextran coated electrodes were used to place calcium green in the cell body layer of the procerebral lobe. Bursting and nonbursting procerebral neurons incorporated and transported the calcium green-dextran. Optical recordings of changes in fluorescence signals from several bursting cells recorded simultaneously were used to test alternative mechanisms of bursting cell coupling. Application of biotin 3Kdextran to the midline of the cerebral ganglion revealed a group of cells in each procerebral lobe with processes crossing the midline of the cerebral ganglion. These cells may couple right and left procerebral lobe activity during odor processing.
Animals↗
[Infectious endocarditis by Neisseria subflava in two HIV drug users].
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Adult↗
[Clostridium perfringens sepsis in an immunocompetent patient. Presentation of a case and review of the literature].
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Adult↗
[Tardive dystonia following the administration of clebopride].
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Adult↗
[Analysis of the diagnostic delay in tuberculosis].
OBJECTIVE: To identify the situations that influence in the delayed diagnosis of tuberculosis. PATIENTS AND METHOD: We studied 109 patients (87 non HIV-infected and 22 HIV-infected) who were diagnosed of tuberculosis in one year consecutively, using a questionnaire to obtain time intervals in which the whole diagnostic delay (WD) was divided. RESULTS: WD was higher than 1 month in 90 % of non HIV-infected patients. The delay due to the health system (SD) was higher (71% > 1 month) than the delay due to patient (PD; 30% > 1 month) and there was a negative correlation between both (R-0.73). In HIV+ group, WD was lower (59.1% > month) and, although PD was higher (40.9% > 1 month), the time that the system delayed the suspicion of the diagnosis was lower (5.5% > 1 month). In HIV-group there were the following significant differences: higher delay in the suspicion of diagnosis (DSD) (61.4% and 60.8% > 1 month) and shorter time to make the diagnosis (12.3% and 21.6% > 1 month) in sputum smear-positive patients and who had cavitary lesions; PD was higher (67.1% > 1 month) in patients with general symptoms and nearly none in patients with upper airways symptoms; and higher DSD in presence of nonspecific symptoms like cough or/and expectoration (68.6% > 1 month) or upper airways symptoms (100% > 1 month). As these clinical symptoms were consulted in primary care mainly, there was a higher SD (75.75 > 1 month) and DSD (58.1% > 1 month), and were increased when a promptly chest X-ray was not performed (87.1 and 68.7% > 1 month). CONCLUSIONS: Delayed diagnosis of tuberculosis is common. In non HIV-infected patients, it occurs mainly in the health system. Diagnostic delays contribute to raise advanced disease with more contagious potential.
Adult↗
Immunogenicity, safety and protective efficacy of one dose of the rhesus rotavirus vaccine and serotype 1 and 2 human-rhesus rotavirus reassortants in children from Lima, Peru.
In a four cell trial, a single 10(4) plaque-forming unit dose of rhesus rotavirus (RRV) vaccine (serotype G3), a human rotavirus-rhesus rotavirus reassortant vaccine with serotype G1 specificity, a similar vaccine with serotype G2 specificity, or a placebo was administered with buffer orally at 2 months of age to 800 Peruvian infants. Only the RRV vaccine was associated with a febrile response (< 38 degrees C) that occurred in 9% of the infants on day 4 after vaccination. Diarrhea or other side-effects were not associated with administration of vaccine. Vaccine strains were shed by only 12-18% of the infants as determined by examination of a single stool specimen obtained on days 4 or 5 after vaccination. Fifty per cent of vaccines developed an IgA ELISA seroresponse; however, a serotype-specific seroresponse by plaque reduction neutralization was demonstrated in < 20% of the participants against each of the three candidate vaccine strains. Vaccine efficacy was evaluated by twice-weekly home surveillance for diarrheal diseases during 24 months post-immunization. Rotavirus diarrheal episodes were identified by ELISA. Only the RRV vaccine had a significant protective efficacy (29%, p = 0.03, chi-square test) against rotavirus diarrhea. Analysis of vaccine efficacy against rotavirus episodes of any severity in which no other enteropathogen was isolated showed a trend towards higher vaccine efficacy. In addition, a similar trend was observed in rotavirus-only episodes in which there was some degree of dehydration or when health services were utilized. Serotype G1 or G2 rotavirus strains were most prevalent during surveillance. Neither serotype G1 or serotype G2 vaccines were protective against serotype 1 or 2 rotavirus diarrhea, respectively. The serotype G2 vaccine was 84% protective against serotype 1 and 2 dehydrating rotavirus diarrhea in the small numbers of individuals evaluated. We conclude that one dose of 10(4) p.f.u. of the RRV, serotype G1, or serotype G2 rotavirus vaccine failed to induce either an adequate serotype-specific seroresponse or serotype-specific protection in children immunized at 2 months of age. Only the RRV vaccine induced a low level of protection against rotavirus diarrhea mainly of serotype G1 specificity. Future studies need to explore whether higher vaccine dose and/or more than one dose would increase the immunogenicity and efficacy of the rotavirus vaccine, especially in developing countries with a high level of baseline rotavirus antibodies.
Diarrhea, Infantile↗
Salt intake and blood pressure in rural and metropolitan Mexico.
A selected group of 155 Mexican adults aged 20-64 years were studied to investigate the role of sodium (Na) intake in explaining blood pressure (BP) differences in a rural town and urban Mexico City. The subjects had their BP, height, weight and skinfolds measured and they collected 3 continuous 24 h urines. Adjusted for age differences, average BPs were significantly higher (p < .05) for the urban (112.7 systolic: 73.6 diastolic mmHg) than for the rural group (108.4 systolic: 70.8 diastolic mmHg). They were also higher for men (111.8 systolic: 74.3 diastolic mmHg) than for women (109.6 systolic: 70.2 diastolic mmHg), the diastolic BP difference being significant (p < 0.05). The average daily Na excretion was also higher in the urban (122.2 mmol/day) than in the rural community (98.0 mmol/day) (p < 0.01). Potassium excretion rates showed similar differences. The differences in sodium excretion and blood pressure among communities were particularly marked in those over 30 years of age. The means for the four community-sex groups had the same rank order for both BP and Na. However, although some large surveys have suggested that half the observed differences in BP might be explained by different Na intakes, in this study the relationship between Na excretion and BP did not achieve statistical significance. Differences in the body mass index (BMI) accounted for 41% of the observed variance in BP.
Adult↗
Guidelines for optimal medical care of persons with Down syndrome. International League of Societies for Persons with Mental Handicap (ILSMH).
There are numerous clinical conditions observed in persons with Down syndrome, as described above, which should be taken into consideration in the course of their medical care and management. If provided with optimal medical services, pursuing specific evaluations and examinations, with a focus on preventive aspects and fostering well being in all areas of human functioning, the quality of life of individuals with Down syndrome can be enhanced significantly and their contribution to society substantial.
Adolescent↗
Efficacy of D-dimer and total fibrin degradation products evaluation in suspected pulmonary embolism.
Three different assays for fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) were evaluated in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) as rapid screening tests with the aim of evaluating whether they could be used either as a substitute of ventilation/perfusion lung scanning or to supplement scintigraphy in patients in whom the scan was inconclusive (low or intermediate probability). D-Dimer by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and latex and total FDP by ELISA were measured prospectively in 85 consecutive patients with suspected PE. With a cutoff of 500 ng/ml, D-dimer by ELISA presented a 96% sensitivity and a 42% specificity, with positive and negative predictive values of 49 and 96%, respectively. D-Dimer by latex, also with a cutoff of 500 ng/ml showed a 93% sensitivity and 29% specificity, with positive and negative predictive values of 43 and 89%. For total FDP, with a cutoff of 900 ng/ml, the sensitivity and specificity were 96 and 26% respectively, with positive and negative predictive values of 42 and 93%. A normal assay may have reduced the necessity of a ventilation/perfusion only in 28% patients with D-dimer ELISA, 21% with D-dimer latex and 17% with total FDP ELISA and with a possible error of 4, 11 and 7%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay↗
Initial validation of the Personality Assessment Inventory-Spanish version with clients from Mexican American communities.
Psychological assessment of Hispanic populations are thwarted by the absence of clinical research on comparability of Spanish translations and the stability of their findings. In this study we examined the potential usefulness of the Spanish Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; Morey, 1991) for Hispanic clients residing in Mexican American communities. We administered the Spanish version on two occasions to 48 monolingual clients and the Spanish and English versions to 21 bilingual clients. Results indicated that the clinical scales had a moderate to good correspondence for Spanish-English (M r = .72) and good test-retest reliability for Spanish-Spanish (M r = .79). Much more variation was observed for the validity scales and the treatment/interpersonal scales. Also more variability was observed in the convergence of elevations across administrations. Because of these mixed results, we discuss the potential usefulness of the PAI clinical scales to screen for major psychopathology.
Adult↗
[Therapeutic alternatives in complicated nonsurgical pulmonary aspergillomas].
We present 2 patients with pulmonary aspergilloma complicated by massive hemoptysis who were not good candidates for surgery and were treated with intracavitary amphotericin B after arterial embolization failed. In spite of the size of the mycetomas, response to treatment was excellent with full regression of the aspergilloma after 3 to 4 weeks; precipitins to Aspergillus fumigatus became negative and the fungus disappeared from transcatheter aspirate samples. Massive hemoptysis was controlled with epsilon-amino-caproic acid instilled by catheter. No complications were observed, the treatment was well tolerated and no recurrence occurred over a follow-up period of 24 and 18 months, respectively. This local treatment is the best therapeutic alternative for patients with pulmonary aspergilloma who are not candidates for surgery.
Aminocaproic Acid↗
[An epidemiological study on the relations of patients with hydatid disease. A high-risk population?].
A serological study was undertaken by means of indirect hemagglutination (IHA) in 57 households of eleven patients with confirmed pulmonary hydatidosis (by serology and surgical procedure). Serum samples from 40 blood donors were used as control group. The IHA positivity rates were 90.8%, 40.3% (23/57) and 2.5% (1/40) in patients with hydatidosis, households of these patients and blood donors (control group). Hydatidosis was confirmed in 4 out of 23 cases of IHA positive households. The high incidence by IHA in households living with patients with hydatid disease can be a good screening parameter to identify a high-risk asymptomatic population carrying the disease at an early phase.
Adolescent↗
Serological response to rotavirus infection in newborn infants.
We report the identification of rotavirus in stools of newborn infants at the "Hospital Materno Infantil de Caricuao" (HMIC) as well as the infants' serological responses to various rotavirus strains. The serological responses of another group of rotavirus-positive neonates studied previously at the "Maternidad Concepcion Palacios" (MCP) hospital was also evaluated. Fifty-four of 266 (20%) newborns examined at HMIC shed rotavirus. The infection rate was higher among infants admitted to the nursery (75%) than in those "rooming in" with their mothers (7%) (P < .01). Eleven of the 54 neonates (20%) had diarrhea; seven of them experienced mild, short-lived episodes, whereas five had frequent diarrhea bouts or diarrhea lasting for over 3 days; the remaining 43 infants were asymptomatic. Twenty-seven of 28 rotavirus specimens tested at HMIC had VP7 serotype 4 specificity and one belonged to VP7 serotype 1; VP4 typing performed on 24 of the viruses by RNA hybridization showed these viruses to be similar to the M37 strain, a rotavirus previously associated with asymptomatic infections in newborns at MCP. IgA seroresponses were detected in eight of 11 infants born at HMIC (73%), but most failed to developed neutralization responses to homologous or heterologous strains. Newborn infants who had shed the M37 rotavirus strain at MCP reacted similarly: 16 of 24 (67%) developed a rotavirus IgA rise, but only 29% developed a neutralization response.
Antibodies, Viral↗
Evaluation of the antigenicity and reactogenicity of varying formulations of the rhesus rotavirus-based quadrivalent and the M37 rotavirus vaccine candidates.
Three phase I trials of the rhesus rotavirus (RRV)-based quadrivalent vaccine [composed of serotype 3 (RRV), and serotypes 1 (D x RRV), 2 (DS1 x RRV), and 4 (ST3 x RRV) human rotavirus x RRV reassortants] and the M37 (nursery strain) rotavirus vaccine candidates were conducted in an attempt to find a safe and optimally antigenic formulation. Infants 10-20 weeks old received, in trial I, 1) the quadrivalent vaccine as two separate bivalent doses (1 x 10(4) PFU each of D x RRV and RRV, followed 4 weeks later by 1 x 10(4) PFU each of DS1 x RRV and ST3 x RRV) or 2) placebo; in trial II, 1) one dose of quadrivalent vaccine (10(4) PFU of each component), or 2) two doses of quadrivalent vaccine, or 3) a 10(4) PFU dose of M37 vaccine, or 4) M37 vaccine followed by the quadrivalent vaccine, or 5) placebo; in trial III, 1) a dose of a higher-titered quadrivalent vaccine (10(5) PFU of each component), or 2) two doses of higher titered quadrivalent vaccine, or 3) a dose of higher titered M37 vaccine (10(5) PFU) or 4) two doses of M37 vaccine (10(5) PFU), or 5) M37 vaccine (10(5) PFU) followed by the higher titered quadrivalent vaccine, or 6) placebo. A mild, transient fever during the first week postvaccination was associated with the bivalent or quadrivalent vaccines but not with the M37 vaccine. Fourfold or greater serum IgA ELISA responses to rotavirus were observed in 48-92% of the infants receiving quadrivalent vaccine and in 32-50% of those receiving M37 vaccine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Antibodies, Viral↗
Identification of a new VP4 serotype of human rotaviruses.
A new VP4 gene allele was identified by sequencing of two rotavirus recovered from infants with diarrhea. Strains HAL1166 (a VP7 serotype 8 human rotavirus from Finland) and PA169 (a VP7 serotype 6 human rotavirus from Italy) present 22-43% nucleotide sequence divergence and 14-45% amino acid divergence in the VP4 gene with rotaviruses belonging to various VP4 gene alleles previously reported. Cross-neutralization analysis between PA169 and rotaviruses belonging to the other recognized VP4 (P) serotypes had previously shown that none of them was similar to PA169. Hyperimmune serum prepared against a reassortant with the VP4 gene of strain PA169 and the VP7 gene of serotype 2 strain DS1 failed to neutralize previously recognized human rotavirus VP4 serotypes, indicating that PA169 represents a new VP4 serotype specificity. In addition, one of four neutralizing monoclonal antibodies directed to the VP4 of PA169 was specific for this virus, while three others had very limited cross-reactivity with rotaviruses possessing different VP4s.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
A comparison of the VP7 gene sequences of human and bovine rotaviruses.
The sequences of the gene encoding VP7 (the major outer capsid protein) from one bovine and three human rotavirus strains were determined because of their unusual VP7 specificities. Two of the human strains (PA 169 and PA 151) had VP7 serotype 6 specificity whereas the two other strains, recovered from a child (HAL 1166) and a calf (678) belonged to VP7 serotype 8. The serotype 8 strains exhibited a high degree of sequence conservation when compared with each other and with other serotype 8 strains previously sequenced. The serotype 6 human strains shared a greater degree of sequence similarity with previously reported serotype 6 bovine strains than with other rotavirus serotypes; however the degree of sequence similarity among PA 169, PA 151 and the bovine strains was lower than had been previously reported for strains belonging to the same serotype. The demonstration of rotavirus serotypes that are shared between human and animal species supports the concept that interspecies transmission occurs and may play a role in rotavirus evolution.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Serotypic differentiation of rotaviruses in field samples from diarrheic pigs by using nucleic acid probes specific for porcine VP4 and human and porcine VP7 genes.
Of 216 fecal and intestinal samples collected from nursing or weaned diarrheic pigs in the United States and Canada, 57 were identified as group A rotavirus positive by RNA electrophoresis and silver staining. Fifty-seven and 52 rotavirus-positive samples were analyzed by hybridization with Gottfried and OSU PCR-derived gene 9 and 4 probes, respectively. Only 17 samples were identified with either homologous VP4 (P)- or VP7 (G)-coding genes or both. One rotavirus identified as G4 and P7 was similar to the previously characterized interserotype rotavirus, SB-1A. Additional hybridization analyses were performed with PCR-derived probes prepared from gene 9 cDNA of the human rotaviruses Wa (G1), DS-1 (G2), and P (G3) and of the porcine rotavirus YM (G11). Eleven of 52 samples collected and analyzed from swine in Ohio, California, and Nebraska were identified as G11. No samples with G1-, G2-, or G3-type specificities were detected among the 25 of 57 rotavirus-positive samples analyzed with human rotavirus-derived probes. Further investigations with a PCR-derived gene 4 probe prepared from porcine rotavirus YM revealed hybridization specificities similar to those of the OSU gene 4 probe.
Animals↗