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Biomedical subjects

J Flood

Publications and source records attributed to J Flood.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Effects of peripheral hormones on memory and ingestive behaviors.

This article explores the mechanisms by which peripheral gastrointestinal hormones produce central nervous system effects on memory and feeding. Cholecystokinin produces its satiety effects and memory-enhancing effects by stimulating ascending vagal fibers. Hyperglycemia has been demonstrated to be a cause of memory dysfunction in persons with diabetes mellitus. A number of other hormones, such as amylin and bombesin, modulate both memory processing and feeding. The causes of the anorexia of aging are briefly reviewed.

Aging↗
PubMed1990

A multicenter evaluation of the Boehringer Mannheim/Hitachi 717 system.

Analytical performance of the Boehringer Mannheim/Hitachi 717 system was evaluated in a multicenter study involving seven different laboratories. Fifty-five methods including end point chemistries, enzymes, ISE, TDM, DAU, and specific protein assays were assessed over a 7 month period. Methods on the analyzer exhibited excellent precision with CVs less than 2% for within run precision, and CVs less than 3% for between day precision for most analytes; linearity, which met or exceeded manufacturer's claims; minimal sample and reagent carryover, and no significant interference from hemolysis; icterus; and lipemia. Recovery of the assigned value for 10 analytes in SRM 909 was acceptable. Comparison of methods with other BM/Hitachi analyzers resulted in slopes close to unity (0.93-1.06); comparison to other clinical chemistry analyzers yielded slopes of 0.88-1.07. Excellent performance and diverse method applications make the BM/Hitachi 717 analyzer a suitable instrument for work station consolidation.

Calibration↗
PubMed1988

Failure of fertilization in in vitro fertilization: the "occult" male factor.

Failure of fertilization in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) deserves extensive analysis for better prediction of the success or failure of this therapeutic modality. Consequently, we retrospectively studied the 52 couples in whom fertilization failed during Norfolk series 18 to 25, in an effort to establish the precise causes of failure. In the initial evaluation, pure oocyte abnormalities were identified in 19.2% of the cases; 32.6% showed sperm abnormalities, and a combination of oocyte and sperm anomalies was found in 7.7%. In 40.4% of the cases, failure of fertilization could not be explained. Reassessment of sperm morphology by new, strict criteria increased the identification of sperm abnormalities to 61.5% and of combined sperm and oocyte anomalies to 13.4%, for a total of 74.9% of sperm factors involved, as opposed to 40.3% in the original evaluation. The incidence of unexplained failed fertilization was substantially reduced, to 11.5%. In a control group (tubal infertility) matched by age, date, and stimulation, in whom fertilization occurred, 83.3% had normal sperm parameters as judged by the new criteria for morphology evaluation. This paper emphasizes the need for a more accurate diagnosis of sperm abnormalities to establish the true incidence of this factor in failed fertilization and to obtain information of prognostic value to patients and clinicians.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Content of a preceptorship experience: effects of location, gender, and specialty choice.

Ambulatory care experiences for 37 medical students during six consecutive three-week preceptorships in family practice were assessed using student logbooks and end-of-preceptorship feedback forms. Comparisons were made by site of preceptorship (university or nonuniversity), by gender of medical student, and by the students' subsequent specialty choices. Rank orders of diagnoses using a Spearman's rho comparison of ranks were significantly correlated with national data as were most student-to-group comparisons. Students tended to see more patients of their own age group, and female students tended to see more female patients of child bearing age. Students with preceptors in the university setting saw patients who were older than those patients seen by students in nonuniversity preceptorship settings. Students in the university setting also saw fewer patients and performed fewer procedures during the three week preceptorship but had a higher level of participation in patient care. Females reported a lower level of participation in patient care than male students, and students who subsequently went into family practice residencies reported a higher level of participation than those students who entered other specialties.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Resident test ordering patterns.

Utilization of a selected set of laboratory tests in the ambulatory setting was determined for four classes of family practice residents over their entire three year training program. A total of nineteen residents were included in the study. Residents' test utilization in their third year of training was significantly lower than in their Post Graduate Year I (PGY I) and PGY II years. Though there was a substantial drop in residents' utilization between their first and second year, the drop was not significant. While most residents reduced their test utilization as they progressed through residency, several who were extremely low utilization in there first year of training actually increase test utilization in the second year. There was substantial variation in residents' test utilization, most marked in the first year but persisting for all three years. Although test utilization progressively fell through the three years of training, the residents who were high utilizers during their first year of training remained high utilizers for the remainder of their training. Though the variation in resident test utilization apparent in PGYI was maintained throughout residency, the degree of variation was reduced and greater uniformity was achieved as training progressed.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMed1985

Effect of mannitol on cerebral blood flow and cerebral perfusion pressure in human head injury.

Patients with severe head injury frequently have evidence of elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) and ischemic neuronal damage at autopsy. Mannitol has been used clinically to reduce ICP with varying success, and it is possible that it is more effective in some types of head injury than in others. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of mannitol on ICP, cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in patients with severe head injury, and to discover if these effects differed in different types of injury. Measurements of CPP, ICP, and CBF were made in 55 patients with severe head injury. In general, the resting level of CBF was higher in patients with diffuse injury (mean 50.2 ml/100 gm/min) than in those with focal injury (mean 39.8 ml/100 gm/min). Mannitol consistently reduced ICP and increased CPP and CBF by 10 to 20 minutes after infusion. The lowest flows (31.8 ml/100 gm/min) were recorded from the most damaged hemispheres of patients with focal injuries and elevated ICP. The baseline levels of flow did not correlate with ICP, CPP, Glasgow Coma Scale score, or outcome. Only four of the 55 patients had a CBF of less than 20 ml/100 gm/min in either or both hemispheres. The few low CBF's in this and other studies may reflect the steady-state conditions under which measurements are made in intensive care units, and that these patients have entered a phase of reperfusion.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychiatric consultation services in the large general hospital: a review and a new report.

Studies are reviewed documenting increased interest in psychiatric consultation services in the general hospital, and disparities between the need for and the availability/utilization of consultation services are examined. The emergence of the eclectrically trained psychiatrist as the most acceptable consultant in the general hospital is discussed. An exploratory attiduinal questionnaire, developed and circulated to a sample of attending physicians in a midwestern university teaching hospital, yielded the following data. Thirty-nine per cent (N=96) of the 244 physicians who received the questionnaire responded. Ninety-nine per cent of the respondents agreed that readily available psychiatric consultation services should be fully operative in all large general hospitals; 88% agreed that psychiatric consultations in the general hospital must be performed by a physician with special training in psychological medicine; 50% indicated a preference for a biologically-oriented psychiatrist, and 26% preferred a family practitioner or internist who had subsequently become a psychiatrist. The majority of respondents indicated that between July 1974 and July 1975, 1-5% of their private hospitalized patients received inhospital psychiatric consultation. Eighty-six per cent of the respondents felt the patients should be billed directly at a rate equal to other medical/surgical consultations. These data are correlated with issues involved in the utilization of psychiatric consultation in the general hospital.

Aftercare↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of introducing an office chemistry machine.

An office chemistry machine was placed into service at the SIU Springfield Family Practice Center. After one year's use of the machine, a study was performed to learn whether there were changes in the methods, of costs, and of care for hypertensive patients compared to the year before introduction of the machine. After introduction of the machine, the physicians began to order individual tests performed in the office rather than chemistry panels performed by the reference laboratory. There was no change in the frequency or costs of testing. Frequency of visits for hypertension and visits for all other reasons did not differ. The level of blood pressure control was the same before and after introduction of the machine. Thus, in this study, introduction of an office chemistry machine resulted in greater revenues to the clinic without changing quality of care or increasing the overall cost of treatment.

Blood Chemical Analysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Glue ear.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A model of computer documentation of hospital specialty rotations.

The importance of a comprehensive documentation system for assisting residents in securing hospital privileges has been widely asserted. Other applications of a documentation system such as encouraging research, providing individual resident evaluations, and providing program evaluation are also worthy reasons for developing a system. This paper describes a computerized system for documenting the inpatient rotation experiences of family practice residents and discusses its potential applications. An example of curriculum evaluation as a use of a documentation system is detailed.

Computer Systems↗