Biomedical subjects

J Fleury-Feith

Publications and source records attributed to J Fleury-Feith.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1994

Immunocytochemical characterization of cell lines from human malignant mesothelioma: characterization of human mesothelioma cell lines by immunocytochemistry with a panel of monoclonal antibodies.

A panel of nine monoclonal antibodies was used to characterize human mesothelioma cell lines that we established from human malignant mesothelioma. The antigens detected were cytokeratin, vimentin, epithelial membrane antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, Leu-M1 (CD15), desmin, factor VIII-related antigen (von Willebrand factor antigen), OV632, and ME1, a specific monoclonal antibody directed against human malignant mesothelioma. The technique used was the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase method. All 30 cell lines, either epithelial, sarcomatous, or mixed, showed strong reactivity with cytokeratin and vimentin antibodies. None of the cell lines demonstrated any reactivity with carcinoembryonic antigen, Leu-M1, or factor VIII antibodies; moreover, all of 22 cell lines studied were positive for ME1 antibody and 10 of 12 cell lines studied were positive for OV632. Some interesting features were noted: only two of the 30 cell lines presented a weak positive staining with epithelial membrane antigen, and nine of 19 cell lines tested demonstrated a cytoplasmic staining pattern with desmin antibody. These results show that established human mesothelioma cell lines still possess the immunocytochemical characteristics that are basically consistent with the immunohistochemical features described in tumor tissues of malignant mesothelioma. These characteristics can be used to identify the mesothelioma cells grown from human malignant mesothelioma. Hence, the mesothelioma cell lines will provide a useful tool for the investigation of the cell biology of the tumor and the mechanisms of mesothelial cell transformation, as well as the in vitro evaluation of the effects of some drugs in order to develop new therapies for malignant mesothelioma.

Actins↗

PubMed1994

Secondary alveolar proteinosis is a reversible cause of respiratory failure in leukemic patients.

We report here our experience of secondary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) in patients with hematologic malignancies. The diagnosis of PAP was made by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and based on the identification of periodic acid-Schiff-positive proteinaceous material with the characteristic ultrastructural pattern. Ten patients with leukemia and secondary PAP are described. Three patients had received bone marrow transplants. Data obtained from sequential BAL have shown that at least four of them--all of them achieving complete remission or recovery from neutropenia after bone marrow transplantation--had reversible PAP, and we emphasize this potential reversibility. Furthermore, in order to estimate the frequency of PAP in hematologic patients, we retrospectively studied 113 episodes of pneumonia occurring in our department over a 2-yr period. The incidence of secondary PAP in patients with pulmonary symptoms was so estimated at 5.3% among all the hematologic population, and to 10% in patients with myeloid disorders. This report (1) confirms that BAL is an accurate way to diagnose PAP in immunocompromised hosts, (2) emphasizes that PAP is not an unusual cause of respiratory failure in this population and that it is strongly associated with myeloid disorders, and (3) shows that secondary PAP is potentially reversible, especially if complete remission of the underlying disease is achieved.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Cell localization and regulation of expression of cytochrome P450 1A1 and 2B1 in rat lung after induction with 3-methylcholanthrene using mRNA hybridization and immunohistochemistry.

In order to characterize the response of various pulmonary cell types to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, the expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 and 2B1 mRNA in the lung of rats, with or without induction by 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC), was analyzed by in situ hybridization using appropriate 35S-labeled riboprobes. The expression of the corresponding proteins was investigated immunohistochemically. Following induction with 3MC, the kinetics of mRNA expression differed considerably between Clara cells and type II pneumocytes and venous endothelial cells. In Clara cells, mRNA expression was detected as early as 1 h after induction, peaked between 2 and 4 h, and was completely undetectable at 14 h. In contrast, venous endothelial cells and type II pneumocytes exhibited permanent mRNA expression of CYP 1A1 in 3MC-pretreated rats. These kinetic results explain the striking absence of correlation between mRNA and protein expression observed in Clara cells 24 h after the end of the induction protocol, as these cells exhibited intense protein expression with no mRNA. In contrast, a good correlation was observed for mRNA and protein expression of CYP 2B1, with similar expressions for Clara cells and type II pneumocytes, but no expression in endothelial cells. This study clearly distinguished the regulation of CYP 1A1 expression in the rat lung from that described in the liver. The differences observed in the various lung cell types, whatever the post-transcriptional mechanisms involved, emphasize that studies must be performed at the cellular level in order to understand the specific response to xenobiotics, not only of this organ as a whole but also of its various anatomic structures.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1994

Bronchoalveolar lavage during neutropenic episodes: diagnostic yield and cellular pattern.

Few data are available concerning the relationship between alveolar and blood cell populations during neutropenia. We wanted to compare the value of pulmonary endoscopic procedures with lavage in neutropenic (polymorphonuclear (PMN) count < or = 1,000.mm-3) and non-neutropenic settings. We therefore, retrospectively, reviewed the results of 118 investigations for pneumonia in patients with malignant haematological diseases. All had bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and some had additional studies with protected bacteriological samples. Each BAL specimen was studied after cytocentrifugation by cytological examination for opportunistic infections, haemorrhage, virus, legionellae, and bacteriological cultures. The diagnostic yield of all endoscopic procedures (BAL, telescoping plugged catheter and protected specimen brush) was 53% in neutropenic (Group 1) and 61% in non-neutropenic (Group 2) patients. The aetiological pattern of pneumonia was nearly the same in the two groups, except for more alveolar proteinosis in Group 1 and more cytomegalovirus (CMV) in Group 2. The absolute number of alveolar cells recovered through BAL (total number, macrophages, lymphocytes and PMNs) was significantly lower in neutropenic patients. We conclude that: 1) neutropenic patients with pneumonia require the same investigative approach as non-neutropenic patients; 2) profound neutropenia may be concomitant with a decreased cellularity of alveoli, which may reflect the consequences of marrow aplasia on the pulmonary cell population and/or direct effect of chemotherapy on the lung.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Detection of Toxoplasma gondii by competitive DNA amplification of bronchoalveolar lavage samples.

The prevalence of pulmonary toxoplasmosis was assessed by a prospective analysis of 144 bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples using competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to avoid false-negative results due to PCR techniques. Six samples were excluded because they contained amplification reaction inhibitors. None of the samples from the 37 immunocompetent patients and only 1 sample (1.7%) from the 59 immunocompromised patients without human immunodeficiency virus infection were PCR-positive. In contrast, Toxoplasma gondii DNA was found in 6 (14%) of 42 samples from patients with AIDS. All 6 patients had < or = 40 CD4 cells/microL and anti-Toxoplasma antibodies, and 5 had other sites of Toxoplasma infection. Six other AIDS patients who had received treatment for cerebral toxoplasmosis were PCR-negative. Thus, pulmonary toxoplasmosis is frequent in AIDS patients who have other sites of Toxoplasma infection and low CD4 lymphocyte counts and who are not receiving prophylaxis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Do nasal ciliary changes reflect bronchial changes? An ultrastructural study.

Ciliary dyskinesia is characterized by recurrent respiratory tract infections secondary to abnormal ciliary structure and function. The diagnosis of ciliary dyskinesia is based on the detection of axonemal ultrastructural abnormalities (AUA) is respiratory mucosa samples. In most cases, the diagnosis of AUA is made on samples obtained from nasal ciliated cells with little discomfort to the patient. However, no studies have been performed in the same patient to confirm whether nasal samples reflect bronchial ciliary changes. To answer this question and to determine whether it is necessary to sample bronchial cells for the diagnosis of ciliary dyskinesia, we investigated 12 patients (between the age of 5 and 63 yr) with chronic sputum production. The presence of situs inversus, bronchiectasis, chronic sinusitis, and sterility was investigated to determine an inherited disorder. Two groups were established: Group 1 = six patients with an inherited disorder and Group 2 = six patients without evidence of an inherited disorder. Samples were obtained by brushing or biopsy of nasal and bronchial mucosa and were processed for transmission electron microscopy. In Group 1, the mean AUA was 65.2 +/- 11.4%. The following predominant axonemal defects were found: absence of dynein arms (DA) (four patients), central complex abnormalities (CC) (one patient), and various AUA (one patient). Nasal and bronchial samples correlated significantly for total AUA (r' = 1, p < 0.01) and for outer DA defects (r' = 0.96, p < 0.05). A good but not significant correlation was found for inner DA (r' = 0.83) and peripheral microtubule (PM) defects (r' = 0.71). In Group 2, the mean AUA was 9.6 +/- 2.3%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

[Prevalence of Enterocytozoon bieneusi spores in the stool of AIDS patients and African children not infected by HIV].

Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a newly described microsporidia in humans thought to be responsible for chronic diarrhoea in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. The epidemiology of this parasite is still unknown; it could be a strictly opportunistic agent or a human enteropathogen. E. bieneusi spores were searched for in stool smears of two populations using a modified chromotrope 2R staining. The first population consisted of 60 patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the second of 990 children aged from one month to six years consulting two primary care centers in Niamey, Niger. E. bieneusi spores were found in 4 out of the 60 HIV-positive patients (7%). These 4 patients belonged to a subgroup of 35 patients with < 50 CD4 cells/microliters. Out of 990 children, 8 shed E. bieneusi spores in their stools; the presence of spores was not associated with a particular clinical phenotype (diarrhoea, fever, dehydration, vomiting). Although HIV status could not be evaluated, the HIV prevalence rate among women consulting the same care centers was low (0.5%) and it is therefore unlikely that all eight children were HIV-infected. The results show for the first time that E. bieneusi can infest HIV-negative subjects. Microsporidiosis is frequent in AIDS patients with low CD4 cell counts. Further work is needed to define the prevalence and the possible pathogenic effect of E. bieneusi in immunocompetent subjects.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗

PubMed1991

Effects of a long-standing challenge on pulmonary neuroendocrine cells of actively sensitized guinea pigs.

Histologic studies using the silver stain method have implicated pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (NEC) in asthma by demonstrating an increase in their number in the bronchi of guinea pigs actively sensitized with ovalbumin and 10 min after challenge. We verified the same data and completed them by a study of the long-standing effects of a challenge on NEC number in guinea pig bronchi. Actively sensitized animals were killed 2, 6, 24, 48, 72, and 144 h after being challenged by an aerosolized solution of ovalbumin. This study was completed by the evaluation of eosinophilic infiltration of bronchi to test the recently proposed hypothesis of the possible eosinophil recruitment by NEC product. Our results confirmed the increase in NEC number in the bronchial wall after sensitization. Originally we demonstrated that, 24 h after challenge, the NEC number decreased significantly, compared to sensitized only animals, suggesting possible product release. Eosinophilic migration was observed in sensitized animals and, more importantly, in all sensitized plus challenged animals. We suggest that bronchial NEC may play a role in immunoallergic events that take place in the lung after challenge, probably by releasing mediators that may influence, among other effects, eosinophilic recruitment.

APUD Cells↗

PubMed1990

Permeability of the normal rat brain, spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia microcirculations to immunoglobulins G.

The distribution of blood-borne immunoglobulins G (IgG) was studied in the cerebral cortex, pineal gland, spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia of normal Lewis rats using the detection of autologous anti-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) antibodies. This detection was performed by means of light and electron microscopy. This study demonstrated that, in the cerebral cortex and the spinal cord microcirculations, endothelial cells are a restrictive barrier against IgG while IgG are able to diffuse into the perivascular parenchyma of the pineal gland and spinal ganglia.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Histological study of mast cells in the actively sensitized guinea pig lung and after challenge: effect of a corticosteroid.

Although mast cells are sometimes considered to play a minor role in hypersensitivity reactions, we used a histological method to show the modifications in the guinea pig lung mast cell population in the course of such reactions. We sensitized guinea pigs with ovalbumin and studied the effect of the challenge with and without corticosteroid treatment. We observed that the mast cell count was not modified after sensitization but was decreased after challenge. Twenty-four hours after challenge, the number of mast cells returned to the control value, indicating a renewal of the mast cell pool. A second challenge, 1 week after the first, did not provoke the same mast cell degranulation, suggesting a non-responsiveness to aerosol antigen. Betamethasone dipropionate treatment protected mast cells against challenge: in treated guinea pigs, mast cell degranulation was prevented, and we did not observe any change in mast cell count after challenge. The present study was useful to show an effect of corticosteroids on mast cell degranulation in immediate hypersensitivity reactions in vivo.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗

PubMed1990

Dissimilar expression of axonemal anomalies in respiratory cilia and sperm flagella in infertile men.

Infertility by sperm immotility may be a consequence of axonemal defects, and it is sometimes associated with respiratory disease as in the primary ciliary dyskinesia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the respiratory epithelium of 13 infertile patients with flagellar ultrastructural anomalies whether they suffered or not from respiratory disease. Only one patient had severe respiratory disease. The beat frequency of nasal cilia (9 to 13 Hz) was considered normal in 11 of the 13 patients. All the cilia were found abnormal in one patient. In 12 of 13 infertile men (92.3%), significant ultrastructural cilia anomalies were found (greater than 7%) even though the men did not suffer from any respiratory disease. Axonemal anomalies were found at both levels either of the same type (four cases) or only partially similar (two cases) or totally different (six cases). The most frequently abnormal substructure of cilia was the central complex (10 of 12) even in cases exhibiting a different abnormal pattern at the flagellar level. Findings are discussed according to those found in animal mutants. Our results suggest that ciliary and flagellar axonemes should be controlled both by common and by different groups of genes.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis associated with Pneumocystis carinii. Ultrastructural identification in bronchoalveolar lavage in AIDS and immunocompromised non-AIDS patients.

Pneumocystis carinii (PC) has been recognized as frequently responsible for most opportunistic pulmonary infections occurring in immunocompromised AIDS and non-AIDS patients. Moreover, these patients can be considered at risk for secondary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Therefore, we have investigated the occurrence of associated secondary alveolar proteinosis and PC pneumonitis in AIDS and non-AIDS immunocompromised patients. In a series of 26 bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) in patients with PC pneumonitis (19 AIDS and seven non-AIDS patients), we observed on light microscopy, in addition to the honeycombed material, areas of an extracellular material that had a different pattern which was suggestive of that described in alveolar proteinosis. A systematic ultrastructural study of these 26 BAL fluid samples demonstrated in each of them an accumulation of phospholipid surfactantlike extracellular material mixed or not with the PC cysts. In nine cases, the observation of lipoproteinaceous material on light microscopy and abundant phospholipid material with myelinlike and myelin tubular laminated structures on electron microscopy was highly suggestive of an associated pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP). Such an accumulation of extracellular material was not observed in the 11 BAL fluid samples collected in immunocompromised patients (seven AIDS and four non-AIDS patients) without PC pneumonitis. These findings demonstrated a particular frequency of associated PAP with PC pneumonitis. These results raise important questions concerning (1) the consequence of such an alveolar accumulation of lipoproteinaceous material on the clinical status and prognosis of the pneumonitis, and (2) the mechanisms responsible for this accumulation.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1989

Criteria for aspiration cytology for the diagnosis of seminoma.

Fine-needle aspiration cytology was performed in two cases of intra-abdominal tumors, one from retroperitoneal lymph nodes and one from a cryptorchid testis. The cytological diagnosis was consistent with seminoma in both cases. Cytological features included uniform neoplastic malignant cells with round nuclei and nucleoli. The cytoplasm, easily observed on May-Grünwald-Giemsa-stained smears, contained large vacuoles or lacunes filled with glycogen. Alkaline phosphatase activity was strictly located to one cytoplasmic area of the cells. This cytological and cytoenzymatic pattern is different from that observed in other intra-abdominal tumors, including adenocarcinoma, large-cell lymphoma, and embryonal carcinoma.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗

PubMed1989

Bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophilia associated with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in AIDS patients. Comparative study with non-AIDS patients.

Lower pulmonary tract cell populations collected by bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) were evaluated in three groups of immunocompromised patients: HIV infected patients with Pneumocystis carinii (PC) pneumonitis (n = 22), or pneumonitis not related to PC (n = 29), and non-HIV-infected, immunocompromised patients with a PC pneumonitis (n = 18). In AIDS patients with PC pneumonitis, the cell populations were 59.3 +/- 4.5 percent alveolar macrophages (AM), 19.6 +/- 2.5 percent lymphocytes, 14.6 +/- 4.4 percent polymorphonuclear cells (PMN), and 10.3 +/- 3.6 percent eosinophils. In HIV-infected patients without PC pneumonitis, they were 76.5 +/- 3.3 percent AM, 13 +/- 2.1 percent lymphocytes, 9.2 +/- 0.3 percent PMN, and 0.6 +/- 0.2 percent eosinophils, and in non-HIV-infected, immunocompromised patients with PC pneumonitis, they were 43.9 +/- 5.7 percent AM, 30.2 +/- 4.3 percent lymphocytes, 20.4 +/- 4.7 percent PMN, and 0.9 +/- 0.4 percent eosinophils. The most striking finding was a marked BAL eosinophilia in AIDS patients with PC pneumonitis. The significance of this particular cellular pulmonary response to PC is not clear, and its consequences on the lung structures and/or PC require evaluation.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1989

Occurrence and morphology of tumors induced in nude mice transplanted with chrysotile-transformed rat pleural mesothelial cells.

Rat pleural mesothelial cells treated in vitro with chrysotile fibers have been successfully transplanted into nude mice. Three cultures (1 untreated, 2 treated) were injected at passage 75; a fourth culture was obtained from a mesothelioma induced in rat by chrysotile fibers. Overall, tumors grew in each series, but the delay between cell injection and tumor formation was 22 wk with untreated cells whereas only 1 or 2 wk were needed with treated cells, and 1 wk with cells from in vivo-induced mesothelioma. Pathological study by light and electron microscopy of tumors is reported here and showed the mesothelial nature of the cells. Comparison between the ultrastructure of the injected cells and tumor cells indicated that the morphology of injected cells was retained in tumors even if the delay in tumor formation was long. These results suggest that this model is useful for investigating mesothelial cell transformation resulting from in vitro or in vivo exposure to certain carcinogens.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Distribution and histochemical characterization of pulmonary mast cells in the rat and guinea pig.

The rat and guinea pig are widely used in experimental models dealing with immuno allergic bronchoreactivity. The present study was designed to compare the distribution and heterogeneity of the mast cell population in the respiratory tract of the Sprague-Dawley rat and Hartley guinea pig. Mast cells were identified according to the sequential Alcian blue/safranin O staining method. From the trachea to the peripheral conductive airways, the density of mast cells increased in the guinea pig whereas it decreased in the rat. Although mast cells were observed in the interalveolar septa of the guinea pig, none were found in the rat. In the lung of the rat, three types of mast cells were observed: in the wall of the trachea and large bronchi, safranin-positive, mixed and Alcian-blue-positive mast cells were found, whereas only Alcian-blue-positive mast cells were observed in the small conductive airways. In contrast, only Alcian-blue-positive mast cells were observed in the lung of the guinea pig. These results show that the types and localization of the mast cell populations are distinctly different in these two species. Consequently, experimental models of bronchoreactivity in these species are testing different cellular systems.

Alcian Blue↗

PubMed1987

Sequential study of pleural peritoneal and blood cells in acute pleurisy induced by calcium pyrophosphate in the rat.

We studied the sequential cellular events that occur during nonspecific pleurisy induced by a nondiffusible, nonantigenic and endotoxin-free irritant, calcium pyrophosphate (CaPP). The study was conducted over 10 days and concerned not only the pleural cavity but also the peritoneal cavity and the blood. After injection of CaPP, the first cellular event in the pleural space was a "leukocyte disappearance reaction," followed by an important increase in the polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and then by an increase in the macrophages. This phase is also characterized by the appearance of submesothelial nodules composed of macrophages and numerous polymorphonuclear cells. All the cell populations returned to their normal value on day 10, although granulomatous submesothelial nodules were present. In the blood, the principal observation was an increased PMN count associated with a decreased lymphocyte count at 4 h. In the peritoneal cavity, it was remarkable that, although functional modifications have been reported in the same model, the different leukocyte populations did not vary during the reaction.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Amiodarone-induced hepatic phospholipidosis: a morphological alteration independent of pseudoalcoholic liver disease.

In order to study the relationship between amiodarone-induced hepatic phospholipidosis and liver disease, liver biopsies obtained from 13 patients treated with amiodarone for 4 months to 15 years were investigated by light and electron microscopy. Light microscopy showed pseudoalcoholic liver lesions that were probably related to amiodarone in four cases, various alterations (i.e. cirrhosis, three cases; steatosis and fibrosis, two cases; chronic venous congestion, one case; acute hepatitis, one case) that could be explained by another cause than amiodarone in seven cases and normal liver in two cases. In all cases, electron microscopy showed intralysosomal myelin figures suggestive of phospholipidosis. These myelin figures were associated with intralysosomal electron-dense deposits. In the four cases in which analysis by electron microprobe was performed, it demonstrated large amounts of iodine in the electron-dense deposit-containing lysosomes, indicating the accumulation of amiodarone. These results show that hepatic phospholipidosis is constantly observed in amiodarone-treated patients, whether or not pseudoalcoholic liver lesions are present. This phospholipidosis, which could be only a morphological marker of intrahepatic accumulation of the drug, should not therefore be considered grounds for attributing liver disease to the drug.

Aged↗