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J Fleurette

Publications and source records attributed to J Fleurette.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Modification of ofloxacin pharmacokinetics induced by prolonged mechanical ventilation].

The pharmacokinetics of ofloxacin was studied in 12 intensive care patients, 6 of whom being under mechanical ventilation. All patients had a creatinine clearance greater than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and they were given 3 mg/kg. IV ofloxacin within 30 mn, with a twice daily regimen for 7 days. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed on day 1 (D1) and 7 (D7). Between D1 and D7 a significant increase in T 1/2 beta, AUC and blood levels were observed together with a decrease in total body clearance. Creatinine clearance was not modified between D1 and D7 but ofloxacin renal clearance was considerably altered. Abnormalities in ofloxacin renal tubular secretion may account for the drug cumulation which was observed during repeated administration in intensive care patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Plasmid-mediated resistance to fosfomycin in Staphylococcus epidermidis.

Staphylococcus epidermidis strain BM2641, isolated from a patient, was resistant to penicillin G, methicillin, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, macrolide, lincosamide and streptogramin B-type (MLS) antibiotics, and to high levels of fosmycin. Resistance to forsfomycin and/or to MLS was lost at low frequencies either spontaneously or after curing with novobiocin. The plasmid DNA from BM2641 and its cured derivatives was purified, analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis and transferred to a nitrocellulose sheet. Comparative analysis of the resistance phenotypes with the plasmid content of the strains indicated that fosfomycin and MLS resistance were encoded by plasmids pIP1842 (2.5 kb) and pIP1843 (2.6 kb), respectively. Southern hybridization with a probe specific for gene fosA of Serratia marcescens showed that the fosfomycin resistance determinant in Staphylococcus is not homologous to that of Gram-negative bacteria.

Conjugation, Genetic↗
PubMed1989

Clinical isolates of Staphylococcus lugdunensis and S. schleiferi: bacteriological characteristics and susceptibility to antimicrobial agents.

The bacteriological characteristics and susceptibility to antimicrobial agents of 108 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus lugdunensis and Staphylococcus schleiferi are described. Fifty out of 108 isolates were considered to be responsible for 16 documented infections, including some severe infections (endocarditis, bacteraemia, osteitis). A number of bacteriological characteristics enabled the identification of these species in the clinical microbiology laboratory: the absence of coagulase and protein A, and the presence of a fibrinogen affinity factor and thermonuclease along with other biochemical characteristics (ornithine and arginine decarboxylases, carbohydrate acidification, novobiocin susceptibility) differentiated these new species from other staphylococci; however, they did not possess virulence markers such as toxins or haemagglutinin, but were haemolytic. In this series, almost all isolates were susceptible to 22 antibiotics and 4 antiseptics representative of the main groups of antimicrobial agents. More information is needed on the ecology and epidemiology of these new opportunistic pathogens.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Determination of G + C content of DNA using high-performance liquid chromatography for the identification of staphylococci and micrococci.

The guanine-plus-cytosine (G + C) content of different species of Staphylococcus and Micrococcus was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Purified bacterial DNA was hydrolysed by nuclease P1. The nucleotides were separated by chromatography and quantified by measurement of the optical density at 260 nm. The G + C content of staphylococci ranged from 31.5 to 37.9 moles %, and that of micrococci from 68.7 to 75.2. Most of our results were comparable to those obtained with the thermal method.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1989

Legionella gratiana sp. nov. isolated from French spa water.

During an epidemiologic survey, an unidentified strain of Legionella was isolated from water of a thermal spa in France. The strain (Lyon 8420412) had the cultural and biochemical characteristics typical of the genus Legionella. In direct immunofluorescence tests, the strain reacted weakly with fluorescein-conjugated antisera prepared against L. bozemanii serogroups 1 and 2, L. longbeachae serogroups 1 and 2 and L. anisa, and failed to react with sera prepared against 36 other species or serogroups. A fluorescein-conjugated antiserum prepared against strain Lyon 8420412 reacted strongly with the homologous strain and only weakly with the above-mentioned species. The cell-wall fatty acid profile, with a predominance of hexadecenoic (16:1) and hexadecanoic (16:0) acids, ubiquinone Q10 as the major quinone and a characteristic protein electrophoresis profile suggested that the isolate was different from other Legionella species. In DNA-DNA hybridization experiments, the strain was distinct from all named Legionella species, and from all unnamed species currently under study at the Centers for Disease Control. The name Legionella gratiana is proposed for the new species (type strain Lyon 8420412; CDC 1242). A serologic survey of antibodies reacting against L. gratiana indicated that personnel or patients at the spa therapy centre where the organism was isolated had higher antibody titres than a control population.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1989

Oxacillin and tobramycin serum levels during cardiopulmonary bypass.

Antibiotic prophylaxis in cardiac surgery is recommended to combat acquired infections caused by staphylococci and gram-negative bacilli. Prophylaxis seems effective provided blood levels are greater than minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC). In this study, two doses of antibiotics were compared in 45 patients with normal renal function during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). All patients received 50 mg/kg of oxacillin. Group 1 (30 patients) also received 1 mg/kg of tobramycin, while group 2 (15 patients) received 2 mg/kg of tobramycin. Blood samples were taken after the administration of antibiotics, as well as at the onset and conclusion of CPB. Additional samples were taken before and after heparin injection before CPB, and from the arterial and venous cannulae of the bubble oxygenator during CPB. In both groups, oxacillin serum levels were constantly greater than MIC for susceptible bacteria. In group 1, tobramycin levels less than 2 micrograms/mL (MIC for most susceptible bacteria) occurred in four patients before CPB, in 14 patients at the onset of CPB, and in 19 patients at the conclusion of CPB. These low levels were not explained by heparin administration or absorption onto the CPB circuit, but were the result of hemodilution. In group 2, in which all the tobramycin levels were higher than 2 micrograms/mL, serum levels decreased from 9.9 +/- 3.4 (mean +/- SD) to 3.7 +/- 0.7 micrograms/mL throughout the procedure. Plasma creatinine did not change significantly in either group. It is concluded that in patients with normal renal function, doses as high as 50 mg/kg of oxacillin and 2 mg/kg of tobramycin may be necessary before CPB to provide adequate serum levels throughout CPB.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Exposure to Legionellaceae at a hot spring spa: a prospective clinical and serological study.

Following the occurrence of five cases of Legionnaires' disease among patients and therapists at a French hot spring spa, a series of cleansing procedures and an epidemiological study were undertaken. During a 3-month period, the spring water was repeatedly sampled. Serum samples were taken from 689 randomly selected patients, 230 therapists, 134 administrative staff and a control group of 904 blood donors. Legionellaceae were present in the spring water at concentrations of 10(3)-10(5) colony forming units/l. Fifteen different species or serogroups were isolated with Legionella pneumophila serogroups 3 and 1 predominating. No clinical cases of Legionnaires disease were observed during the study. However, 11% of the therapists and 5% of the patients either had a high titre of antibody (greater than or equal to 256) to at least one species or serogroup or seroconverted during the study. Mean antibody titres in the three study groups were significantly higher than those in the blood donors against 11 of the 32 legionella antigens tested. Nine of these 11 antigens corresponded to species or serogroups isolated from the spring water. The highest mean antibody titres in all three study groups were against L. pneumophila serogroup 3, the most common legionella in the spring water. These findings have important implications for the maintenance of adequate standards of hygiene, bacteriological sampling and clinical surveillance in this and similar establishments.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Hospital dispersion of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates resistant to a fluoroquinolone, pefloxacin.

Since 1985, nosocomial infections have been frequently treated with a new fluoroquinolone, pefloxacin, at the Cardiological and Neurological Hospital in Lyon. From 1986 to 1988, the incidence of resistance of clinical Staphylococcus epidermidis strains to pefloxacin increased from 31 to 57%. Dispersion of these resistant strains in the hospital environment was recognized when they were detected on 22% of staff members' fingers (139 samples were investigated) and in 28% of the environmental samples (180 were investigated). There was an association between carriage rate and work place. Most of the pefloxacin-resistant S. epidermidis were resistant to oxacillin, gentamicin, erythromycin, cotrimoxazole and fosfomycin. Intensive use of pefloxacin selected multiresistant S. epidermidis which became ubiquitous in the hospital environment.

Carrier State↗
PubMed1989

Standardized method for evaluation of hand disinfection by surgical scrub formulations.

A standardized protocol for the evaluation of hand disinfection by surgical scrub formulations was applied to volunteers in a multicenter trial. Povidone iodine (PVI), chlorhexidine (CHX), and a nonmedicated soap (NMS) were tested. The scrubbing procedure involved three daily hand washings for five consecutive days; surviving bacteria were counted daily after being collected in a suitable neutralizing solution. Immediate efficacy (IE), cumulative efficacy (CE), and remanent effect (RE) were calculated by reference to the control hand. Statistical analyses of IE, CE, and RE showed significant differences among the three scrub formulations. IEs of PVI and CHX were equivalent and different from IE of NMS; CE and RE of CHX were higher than those of PVI and NMS. On the basis of the statistical analysis, the population size required for further studies aimed at detecting significant differences between surgical scrub formulations could be estimated.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Pleural infection caused by Legionella anisa.

The first case of infection caused by Legionella anisa with isolation of the organism is reported here. The presence of L. anisa in the water supply of the hospital and the isolation of this species in the pleural fluid of a patient suffering from nosocomial pleurisy confirm the potential pathogenicity of this Legionella species.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Susceptibilities to ceftriaxone of streptococcal strains associated with infective endocarditis.

We determined the bactericidal activity of ceftriaxone on 20 streptococci isolated from patients with infective endocarditis and that of penicillin G on 5 strains. The MICs of ceftriaxone were less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml and the MBCs were low for 5 nontolerant strains (less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml) and high for 15 tolerant strains (greater than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml). The maximal reduction of the viable bacterial counts after 24 h of exposure to antibiotic was achieved for a concentration of ceftriaxone of 4, 32 and 256 micrograms/ml, respectively for 5, 10 and 19 strains. The activity of penicillin G was similar.

Ceftriaxone↗
PubMed1989

[Determination of bactericidal minimum concentrations of 3 antiseptics and 1 disinfectant on 580 hospital gram-negative bacilli].

Minimal bactericidal activities (MBCs) of three antiseptics (povidone iodine, chlorhexidine digluconate, benzalkonium chloride) and one disinfectant (sodium hypochloride) where determined, on 580 hospital Gram negative bacilli. Previously the Afnor T 72-150 standard for antiseptic and disinfectant was established for two reference strains E. coli CIP 54 127 and P. aeruginosa CIP A 22. No difference was found between the MBC obtained with these strains in Afnor standard and in microdilution method. Microdilution method allows to test 11 hospital isolates and one reference strain. A strain was considered as resistant when the MBC was one dilution higher than the reference strain MBC. Results were as follows: None strain was resistant to sodium hypochloride and povidone iodine; 18.2% Enterobacteriaceae were resistant to chlorhexidine digluconate with 94.2% of Proteus; 4% of Enterobacteriaceae were resistant to benzalkonium chloride with 89.5% of Proteus and only 1.8% other bacilli. Results obtained in the present study are similar as those previously published particularly with Proteus; nevertheless other studies have reported P. aeruginosa strains resistant to chlorhexidine digluconate and benzalkonium chloride; this last point was not observed in our study.

Benzalkonium Compounds↗
PubMed1989

[Peptidoglycan modification of Staphylococcus aureus P18 strain after use of 6 active antibiotics on the bacterial wall].

Six antibiotics active on the cell-wall were tested against a methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus P18 strain at the start of exponential growth rate. The concentration was four-fold the MIC determined in a non-hypersaline liquid medium. The peptidoglycan amino-acid content of the various cell wall samples was determined. An antibiotic-free S. aureus P18 and the methicillin-sensitive Cowan I. S. aureus strain were used a controls. Beta lactam antibiotic treatment, oxacillin and cephalothin, induced an increase of alanine content which suggests that only secondary-transpeptidation did not occur. Similar results were obtained using vancomycin. Amino-acid content was not modified by bacitracin, which is in agreement with the results expected. The results obtained for fosfomycin and cefamandole were not easy to interpret.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1988

An electron microscopy study of Legionella pneumophila after in vitro and in vivo culture.

The ultrastructure of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 (Philadelphia Strain) was studied by Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) following in vitro and in vivo culture. The results obtained were identical for all the samples tested; the structure belonged to the prokaryotic type, with features consistent with the known structure of Gram-negative rods. A characteristic feature is the loose undulated outer membrane, a peptidoglycan layer which was difficult to visualize and was better seen in lysed bacteria. The outermost layer was stained by ruthenium red for polysaccharides. In guinea-pig lung tissue and in chick embryo yolk sac membranes, the bacteria were more often intracellular in intracytoplasmic ribosome-studded vacuoles.

Animals↗