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Biomedical subjects

J Fisher

Publications and source records attributed to J Fisher.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Arachidonic acid facilitates experimental chronic osteomyelitis in rats.

Arachidonic acid was used as a facilitating agent in experimental rat Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis and compared with the more commonly used agent, sodium morrhuate. The injection of arachidonic acid or sodium morrhuate and S. aureus into rat tibiae caused increased quantitative bacterial bone counts, gross bone pathology, roentgenographic changes, and weight loss. The doses required to produce these changes appeared to be lower for arachidonic acid.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Endogenous opioids and ventilatory responses to hypoxia in normal humans.

We studied the putative role of endorphins in modulating hypoxic ventilatory responsiveness. In 12 healthy men, minute ventilation (VE)and mouth occlusion pressure (P0.1) responses to progressive isocapnic hypoxia were determined before and after the intravenous administration of the opioid antagonist naloxone (10 mg) or placebo. Plasma levels of beta-endorphin were measured before and after hypoxia. Naloxone did not affect the slopes or x-intercepts of the relationships between either VE or P0.1 and arterial O2 saturation. There was no correlation between the baseline plasma level of beta-endorphin and any measure of responsiveness to hypoxia. Plasma beta-endorphin levels were not affected by either short-term hypoxia or naloxone alone; however, when hypoxia followed naloxone administration, mean +/- SD beta-endorphin increased from 8.0 +/- 8.9 pg/ml to 20.2 +/- 16.6 pg/ml (p less than 0.005). We concluded that endogenous opioids do not have an important modulating influence on hypoxic ventilatory responsiveness in adult human volunteers.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A chemical perspective on the anthracycline antitumor antibiotics.

The anthracycline antitumor antibiotics occupy a central position in the chemotherapeutic control of cancer. They remain, however, antibiotics of the last resort and thus exhibit toxicity both to the neoplasm and to the host organism. As part of the continuing effort to dissociate the molecular processes responsible for these two separate toxicities, attention has been drawn to the intrinsic redox capacity of their tetrahydronapthacenedione aglycone moiety, and to the possible expression of this redox activity against those biomolecules for which anthracyclines have a particular affinity (polynucleotides and membranes). This review is a synopsis of the present trends and thoughts concerning this relationship, written from the point of view of the intrinsic chemical competence of the anthracyclines and their metabolites. While our ignorance is profound--the precise molecular locus of the antitumor expression of the anthracyclines remains unknown--there is now evidence that the relationship of the anthracyclines to the DNA (possibly requiring enzymatic cooperation) and to the membranes, with neither event requiring redox chemistry, may comprise the core of the antitumor effects. The adventitious expression of the redox activity under either aerobic conditions (in which circumstances molecular oxygen is reduced) or anaerobic conditions (in which circumstances potentially reactive aglycone tautomers are obtained) is therefore thought to contribute more strongly to the host toxicity. Yet little remains proven, and the understanding of the intrinsic chemical competence can do little more than lightly define the boundaries within which are found these and numerous other working hypotheses.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

An unusual case of rheumatic pneumonia.

A 14-year-old boy developed severe respiratory failure during the course of acute rheumatic fever. The results of all microbiological studies were normal. Rheumatic carditis or left ventricular failure was excluded by routine examinations, catheterization of the right side of the heart, and multiple-gated radionuclide ventriculography. The patient recovered completely after a course of high-dose prednisone. To our knowledge, this is the first well-documented case of rheumatic pneumonia in which the lung disease could be attributed to the rheumatic disease and not to a pathologic heart condition.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Hemodynamic effects of nifedipine versus hydralazine in primary pulmonary hypertension.

The acute hemodynamic effects of both sublingual nifedipine (N) and intravenous hydralazine (Hy) were studied in 5 patients with primary pulmonary hypertension to ascertain whether the capacity for pulmonary vasodilatation was generalized or drug-specific, and to determine which of the 2 agents had preferential pulmonary vasodilatory effects. For the group as a whole, neither N nor Hy produced changes in heart rate, mean pulmonary capillary wedge or right atrial pressures. Both N and Hy reduced mean systemic arterial pressure (before N 90 +/- 8 mm Hg, after N 76 +/- 7 mm Hg, p less than 0.01; before Hy 92 +/- 11 mm Hg, after Hy 68 +/- 8 mm Hg, p less than 0.05), and decreased systemic vascular resistance (before N 1,558 +/- 645 dynes s cm-5, after N 1,192 +/- 430 dynes s cm-5, p less than 0.05; before Hy 1,700 +/- 415 dynes s cm-5, after Hy 957 +/- 285 dynes s cm-5, p less than 0.05). In addition, N administration resulted in an increased cardiac output (before N 4.5 +/- 2.0 liters/min, after N 4.8 +/- 2.0 liters/min, p less than 0.01); Hy administration was associated with a more varied effect on cardiac output (before Hy 4.0 +/- 1.0 liters/min, after Hy 5.3 +/- 1.8 liters/min, p less than 0.10, difference not significant [NS]).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1984

Multifocal nephroblastomatosis: clinical significance and imaging.

The correlation between nephroblastomatosis and Wilms' tumor has been established in the pathology literature. Two cases of multifocal nephroblastomatosis in the kidney contralateral to a Wilms' tumor are presented. The importance of these lesions and their recognition is discussed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1984

Salvage of a failed colon interposition in the esophagus with a free jejunal graft.

A patient who had sustained lye burns of the esophagus had undergone reconstruction with a colon interposition. Because of necrosis and stricture of the interposed colon, he was unable to manage salivary secretions and was maintained on gastrostomy feedings. The defect from the pharynx to the midmanubrial level was reconstructed with a free jejunal graft by using microvascular surgical techniques. At 18-month follow-up, barium swallow roentgenography showed flow through the jejunal and colonic segments and into the stomach. The patient gained 15.9 kg postoperatively and was able to consume a normal diet.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Anatomy of flexor pollicis longus vinculum system.

The vinculum breve of the flexor pollicis longus is a strong structure able to supply bony attachment and transmit some flexion force even after a laceration of the tendon at the interphalangeal joint. About 90% of the thumbs studied had a vinculum breve. After laceration of the flexor pollicis longus at the level of the interphalangeal joint, an intact vinculum attached to the proximal end of the tendon can transmit flexion to the joint. An opposed resistance flexion test will differentiate an intact flexor pollicis longus from a lacerated tendon held only by the vinculum. A maximum excursion of 24.5 +/- 8 mm of a lacerated flexor pollicis longus tendon is possible while the vinculum breve remains intact.

Finger Joint↗
PubMed1984

Late necrosis of a latissimus dorsi free flap.

We report a case of a latissimus dorsi free-muscle transfer that received isolated blunt trauma to the vascular pedicle 7 months after surgery. There was complete necrosis of this muscle unit, confirmed by biopsy. The muscle was tangentially excised, and a skin graft was successfully laid on the tissue beneath the muscle. Although this is an isolated case report, it raises interesting questions concerning the revascularization of free-tissue transfers. It is possible that because of significant flow rates in a small segment of tissue there is limited stimulation for revascularization to develop. What role smoking plays in this clinical situation also remains to be determined.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Low flow active antipollution systems. An evaluation of two systems with automatic ventilators.

The performance of two low-flow antipollution systems has been assessed by making measurements of the nitrous oxide pollution levels with four automatic ventilators. The effectiveness of the antipollution system is dependent on the volume of gas discharged, the peak expiratory flow, the airway pressure and to a lesser extent the ventilator settings. Both systems coped adequately with the clinical conditions where inflation pressures were below 4 kPa for two ventilators. Only one system coped with these conditions for the third ventilator. The fourth ventilator, which discharged driving gas to the respired volume, was not adequately scavenged.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1984

The effect of exogenous hormones on the resistance of the early pregnant human cervix.

The force required to dilate the cervix to a diameter of 8 mm (cervical resistance index) has been measured in 355 patients undergoing suction termination in the first trimester of pregnancy. The cervical resistance index (CRI) was significantly lower in multigravid patients compared with primigravid patients. Prior treatment with prostaglandin E2 pessaries produced a consistent reduction in CRI in multigravidae but not in primigravidae. The effect of the prostaglandin was more pronounced on the compliance of the cervical tissue than on the diameter of the cervical canal. Treatment with pessaries of oestradiol, progesterone and medroxy-progesterone acetate produced no changes in the CRI.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1984

Determinants and importance of atrial pressure morphology in atrial septal defect.

A prominent "v" wave relative to the "a" wave in the jugular vein and right atrial pressure tracing is considered to be a common haemodynamic sign of atrial septal defect. Since the prevalence, age relation, and haemodynamic determinants of the "v" greater than or equal to "a" wave configuration have not been studied the pressure recordings from 15 adults and 80 children with an isolated secundum atrial septal defect in sinus rhythm and from 40 adults and 55 children in sinus rhythm without structural cardiac abnormalities or with coronary and valvular heart disease were studied to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the "v" greater than or equal to "a" wave configuration in atrial septal defect. Only 20% of adults with an atrial septal defect had prominent right atrial "v" waves compared with 63% of children, although the specificity was quite high for each group. In adults "left atrialisation " of the right atrium ("v" greater than or equal to "a" wave) occurred in younger patients with higher right atrial and right ventricular end diastolic pressures. In contrast, in children no age related or haemodynamic determinants for the "v" greater than or equal to "a" pattern were found. In addition, most adults but few children with an atrial septal defect had "right atrialisation " of the left atrial wave configuration ("a" greater than "v"). This was found in older adults with lower right atrial and right ventricular end diastolic pressures and in older children with larger left to right shunts. Thus in contrast to children adults with an atrial septal defect rarely show a prominent "v" wave in the right atrium. The presence of a prominent right atrial "v" wave in adults with an atrial septal defect is associated with relatively higher left atrial and right heart pressures than is the absence of this sign and may be related to relatively higher systolic transatrial flow in these patients. The relative paucity of prominent right atrial "v" waves in older adults suggest that the systolic phase flow may diminish with age, possibly from progressive alteration in compliance of the chronically dilated right ventricle.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Rate-sensitive inhibition of ACTH release in depression.

Rate-sensitive inhibition of ACTH release is abnormal in Cushing's disease but uncharacterized in depression. The authors found that two of 10 depressed patients had paradoxical responses, suggesting the existence of a hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis abnormality in depression that is independent of dexamethasone suppression test results.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1984

Jugular venous valves and physical signs.

The presence of venous valves in the internal jugular and subclavian veins at the thoracic inlet has been well documented. Their presence helps explain several physical signs and hemodynamic findings. This lost page in the history of medicine should be returned to the book.

Adult↗