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Biomedical subjects

J Fisher

Publications and source records attributed to J Fisher.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Microsurgical lymphovenous anastomosis for treatment of lymphedema: a critical review.

Lymphovenous anastomoses (LVA) offer ideal physiologic treatment for lymphedema, and our experimental data support late patency. Between Jan. 1, 1982, and April 1, 1986, 18 patients underwent operation for chronic lymphedema; LVA could be performed in 14 patients (10 women and four men). Six patients had secondary lymphedema of the upper extremity. One of eight patients with lymphedema of the lower extremity had filariasis, and seven had primary lymphedema. Mean follow-up was 36.6 months (range: 5 to 57 months). Limb circumference and volume, number of postoperative episodes of cellulitis, and lymphoscintigraphy were used to assess results. Improvement occurred in three upper extremities and two lower extremities. There was no change in five extremities, and in four patients the edema progressed. One patient with primary lymphedema and four of seven patients with secondary lymphedema improved. Only one of five patients benefited from one anastomosis; however, all patients with more than two anastomoses improved. Lymphoscintigraphy was performed in 10 patients. No lymphatic channel was visualized before operation in three patients, and at operation none was found. In four other patients lymph channels localized by lymphoscintigraphy were identified during operation. Significant improvement was documented by lymphoscintigraphy in one patient after operation, and this patient had permanent improvement 30 months later. Patients with primary lymphedema had disappointing results, but four of seven patients with secondary lymphedema benefited from LVA, especially if several anastomoses could be performed. Lymphoscintigraphy appears to be a suitable method of both identifying patent lymph channels before surgery and determining function of LVA after operation. However, presently objective data to prove the clinical efficacy of this operation are lacking.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Hydrodynamic function of ten prosthetic heart valves in the aortic position.

The hydrodynamic function of five mechanical, four pericardial and one porcine size 23 mm aortic prosthetic valves has been analysed by measuring pressure differences, regurgitation and energy losses in our pulsatile flow test rig. St Jude Medical, Hancock pericardial and Mitral Medical pericardial valves had the lowest pressure drop. Calculations of total energy loss showed that the Bjork-Shiley monostrut had similar overall function to the above valves, while the Ionescu-Shiley Standard, Ionescu-Shiley Low Profile, Omniscience and Duromedics valves had slightly greater total energy losses. The Bjork-Shiley spherical disc and Wessex Medical porcine valve had the greatest energy losses. The function of the newer designs of pericardial valves compared well with the mechanical valves currently available.

Bioprosthesis↗
PubMed1988

Experimental tissue molding for soft-tissue reconstruction: a preliminary report.

Molding of pig omentum to create external structures, such as the ear or penis, was performed using silicone rubber molds. The omentum was mobilized on its gastroepiploic pedicle and brought out through a fascial defect. The molds containing the omentum were placed beneath the skin and panniculus carnosus for 4 weeks. Split-thickness skin grafts were placed on both surfaces of the mold, and a series of synthetic materials was placed within the omentum to provide structural support. When an appropriate amount of tissue had been placed within the device, omentum took on the contour of the mold. Excessive pressure associated with swelling resulted in necrosis, while an inadequate amount of tissue gave poor contour. Omentum molded without any support material rapidly lost its contour once removed from the mold. Omentum molded in combination with a synthetic material maintained its shape up to 1 month after mold removal in a limited number of animals. This model was designed to create structures with the fine detail of a prosthesis using autologous tissue. This "prosthesis" made from living tissue could then be transferred secondarily to its recipient area by microvascular technique.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The measurement of the total volume of red cells in man: a non-radioactive approach using biotin.

Present methods for measuring red cell volume are based on the dilution of radioactively labelled cells. This precludes the investigation in neonates and pregnant women. We present a simple method for labelling red cells with biotin. These cells may be injected intravenously and subsequently detected using streptavidin-FITC and flow-cytometry. A comparison of the red cell volume estimated using both 51Cr and biotin labelled cells in 19 patients showed no consistent clinically significant difference between the two. This novel label appears to allow red volume to be reliably estimated without using radioactivity.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1988

Lipid storage myopathy due to glutaric aciduria type II: treatment of a potentially fatal myopathy.

Several patients with lipid storage myopathies have been described, although in most cases the biochemical defect is unclear. A child is reported who presented with severe muscle weakness at age six months. She had lipid storage myopathy due to glutaric aciduria type II. It is probable that her brother died from the same disorder at the age of three months. She has responded well to treatment with a low-fat diet, riboflavin, carnitine and glycine.

Carnitine↗
PubMed1988

Animal evaluation of a new pericardial bioprosthetic heart valve.

Implantation in animals is an essential step in the evaluation of any new prosthetic heart valve before commencing clinical trials. A new three-leaflet pericardial bioprosthesis developed in Glasgow has been implanted in the mitral position in ten sheep and eight dogs. Eleven animals were electively killed after 3 months of observation and explanted valves were in good condition. Hydrodynamic tests of the explanted valves showed small changes in function compared to tests prior to implantation. This was mainly due to host tissue ingrowth over the edge of the leaflets. Histological studies confirmed good preservation of the pericardial tissue in explanted valves.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Enrichment of CD34 (My10)-positive myeloid and erythroid progenitors from human marrow and their growth in cultures supplemented with recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.

Myeloid and erythroid progenitor cells were enriched from human marrow by selecting CD34-positive (CD34 + ve) cells, labeled with the My10 (HPCA-1) antibody, using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Seventy-one percent of CD34 + ve cells were blasts and most of these were too primitive to be identified by standard morphological criteria. On average, 9.5% of CD34 + ve cells formed clones after 14 days of culture in semisolid medium supplemented with erythropoietin and medium conditioned by 5637 bladder carcinoma cells. Over 2.5% of CD34 + ve cells were day-14 myeloid colony-forming cells and 2.4% were erythroid colony (burst)-forming progenitors. The remaining progenitors formed myeloid and erythroid clusters. A subpopulation of day-14 myeloid colony-forming cells failed to respond to recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhuGM-CSF) after accessory cells were removed during enrichment, so it appears that this factor can induce myeloid growth indirectly as well as directly. Recombinant human GM-CSF also supported erythroid colony-formation in cultures of CD34 + ve cells, which suggests that this hemopoietin may act directly on erythroid progenitors.

Antigens, CD34↗
PubMed1988

Postwar changes in the income position of the aged.

Since the war the relative number of aged persons with income from employment has declined, while the proportion with income from social insurance benefits has increased. Despite the fact that social insurance benefits yield a lower average income than do earnings, the averaged aged person's income in 1952 was higher in both current dollars and dollars of stable purchasing power than it was in 1945. The improvement is the result of several factors, including larger earnings by aged workers, increased benefits paid retired workers and their aged survivors under social insurance and related programs higher old-age assistance payments and the rise in the relative number of persons with money income. The growth in the average aged person's income, however, has been at a rate lower than that of the average income of the population as a whole. As a result the average person has had a smaller share in total consumer income in each of the years since 1945 that he had in that year.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Surgical alternatives in subcutaneous mastectomy reconstruction.

The approach to subcutaneous mastectomy is presented, with emphasis on individualization of surgical technique. The operation is based on breast size as well as nipple-areolar complex location. Reconstructive alternatives include a mammary prosthesis, tissue expander, and autologous tissue.

Breast↗
PubMed1987

Isolation and sequence of a cDNA clone for the rat pulmonary surfactant-associated protein (PSP-A).

Pulmonary surfactant is composed mainly of phospholipid and two groups of apoproteins. One of these apoproteins is a family of glycoproteins (pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A, PSP-A). We have isolated and sequenced a cDNA clone encoding for rat PSP-A and the full amino acid sequence has been deduced from the nucleotide sequence. The sequence of 56 amino acids at the N-terminus of PSP-A isolated from rats treated with silica was determined independently, and there is complete agreement with the sequence deduced from the cDNA. Isolated rat alveolar type II cells contain two species of mRNA for this protein.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

Monoclonal antibodies that bind to the My23 human myeloid cell surface molecule: epitope analysis and antigen modulation studies.

It has previously been shown that the AML-2-23 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) reacts with a glycoprotein on differentiated myeloid cells. The antigen, My23, is released from these cells in culture and is also detectable in normal human plasma. We have now raised a panel of MoAbs against the soluble form of the antigen which reacts with monocytes and calcitriol-treated U937 and HL-60 myeloid cell lines, but not with lymphocytes or undifferentiated U937 and HL-60 cells. As with the AML-2-23 MoAb, the anti-My23 MoAbs immunoprecipitated a 50,000-55,000 protein from calcitriol treated HL-60 cells. Besides binding to cell surface My23, all eight MoAbs as well as the 63D3 MoAb reacted with crude and purified forms of soluble My23. A novel ELISA epitope analysis assay was developed to identify four distinct antigenic determinants on My23. Thus, the soluble and cell surface forms of My23 share several antigenic determinants and are biochemically very similar. Pooled anti-My23 caused selective patching, capping and clearing of My23 from the cell surface. My23 was not associated with cell surface, HLA-DR, HLA-A,B,C, beta 2-microglobulin or the Fc receptors for IgG or IgA. These anti-My23 MoAbs should be of importance in antigen functional studies and in clinical treatment protocols for patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. Furthermore, we have shown that a soluble myeloid differentiation antigen can serve as an effective immunogen for the preparation of MoAbs against important cell surface molecules thus obviating many problems inherent in the use of whole cells or detergent lysate-derived immunoprecipitates as immunogens.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

An improved pericardial bioprosthetic heart valve. Design and laboratory evaluation.

The design and development of a new three-leaflet pericardial valve are described and its function and durability evaluated in the laboratory. The unique design allows the leaflets to be located on small radially projecting pins on a pericardial covered frame. Leaflets are easily interchanged on the frame to allow each set of leaflets to be matched during a function test prior to final assembly. The valve has similar hydrodynamic function to other pericardial valves and accelerated fatigue tests have shown improved durability with the elimination of leaflet tears caused by abrasion at the edge of the frame.

Animals↗