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Biomedical subjects

J Fiet

Publications and source records attributed to J Fiet.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[In vitro fertilization].

The results of 36 follicular punctures for in vitro fertilization (IVF) performed at the Maternity unit of Hôpital Tenon, Paris, between January and June 1981 are reported. To collect a pre-ovulatory ovocyte by follicular puncture through laparoscopy requires extremely accurate monitoring of ovulation to make sure that the ovocyte collected has completed its nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation in vivo. The criteria for puncture time are the beginning of LH plasma peak level in spontaneous cycles and injection of HCG in stimulated cycles. In this series the ovocyte collection rate was 60% on average. Failures were mostly due to the local status of the genital tract in the women selected for attempted IVF, since all of them had permanent tubal sterility consecutive to severe pelvic inflammatory lesions. The percentage of ovocytes found to be mature was higher in spontaneous than in stimulated cycles. Out of 13 pre-ovulatory ovocytes collected, 8 were fertilized in vitro. Four could be transferred into the uterus, resulting in two pregnancies which had to be interrupted at an early stage. IVF demands full availability of the surgical and laboratory teams concerned.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Mediation by opioid peptides of anterior pituitary response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia (author's transl)].

A 1.6 mg dose of the specific opiate antagonist naloxone was administered to normal volunteers, either separately or in conjunction with insulin-induce hypoglycemia, in order to study the possible mediation by opioid peptides of the release of adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH), lipotropins (LPH), human growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL). Administered separately, naloxone was associated with a significant fall in PRL levels (p less than 0.01), a significant and unexpected rise in GH levels (p less than 0.02), and a suppression of the circadian decrease of ACTH and LPH levels. The association of naloxone with insulin-induced hypoglycemia significantly reduced the PRL peak (p less than 0.05), did not affect the rise of GH and lowered the ACTH peak, without altering the LPH peak. These data suggest the existence of a positive opioid tone to PRL secretion, as well as an opioid peptide role in the PRL response to hypoglycemia. They argue against the likelihood of an opioid pathway in the GH response to hypoglycemia. Furthermore, the data favor a paradoxical effect of naloxone on ACTH release during insulin-induced hypoglycemia.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1982

Percutaneous absorption of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone in man. I. Plasma androgen and gonadotrophin levels in normal adult men after percutaneous administration of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone.

The distribution of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone to the blood following application of a solution of this androgen to the skin in a hydro-alcoholic gel was studied in order to evaluate the adequacy of the percutaneous route in correcting androgen deficiencies. In 14 adult men, daily percutaneous administration of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (125 mg in 5 g gel) increases, on the average, 4 to 5 times its initial concentration in plasma. On the 14th day of treatment, repeated evaluations of plasma 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, between 2 and 21 h after final administration of gel, demonstrated the stability of diurnal 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone levels and showed the regular distribution of the steroid from a presumably cutaneous reservoir. Plasma 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol levels evolve parallel to those of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Plasma testosterone and luteinizing hormone, on the contrary, decrease considerably. No variation of follicle-stimulating-hormone is observed during treatment. The percutaneous absorption represents an interesting method for administration of a natural androgen in men, particularly because one avoids the deleterious effects of supra-physiological levels in the liver achieved with oral administration.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Percutaneous absorption of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone in man. II. Percutaneous administration of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone in hypogonadal men with idiopathic haemochromatosis; clinical, metabolic and hormonal effectiveness.

The particularities of percutaneous absorption of a natural androgen, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, were evaluated in substitutive androgen therapy in masculine hypogonadism. Nine men presenting idiopathic haemochromatosis complicated by severe hypogonadism were treated with percutaneous administration of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (125 mg/day) for 5 months. Plasma levels of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol are greatly increased by treatment (from 0.86 to 18.39 nmol/l and 0.16 to 3.40 nmol/l, respectively). There is no modification of testosterone and oestradiol-17 beta. Double blind study demonstrated the direct stimulating effect of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone on sexual behaviour and psychism. Hepatic and metabolic tolerance was excellent in these patients, despite the preceding deleterious effects of the iron excess. The percutaneous route is original, practical and improves the androgen therapy of hypogonadism in men.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Physiological and pathological variations in saliva cortisol.

A radioimmunological method for measuring saliva cortisol was worked out. It includes one extraction and one radiocompetitive reaction with an anticortisol 3-CMO:BSA immunoserum. Frequent values for saliva cortisol were determined in various physiological and pathological conditions and compared to plasma cortisol values. In adult men, the mean concentrations at 8 a.m. and midnight were respectively 14.50 +/- 7.10 and 1.40 +/- 1.21 nmol/l (mean +/- SD). In untreated women, plasma and saliva cortisol levels were not significantly different from those measured in women taking estroprogestative drugs or in pregnant women. Following stimulation by synthetic beta 1-24 ACTH (Synacthen), the saliva cortisol determined 90 min after the 8 a.m. sampling rose by over 500% whereas plasma cortisol only rose by 120%. Similarly the drop in 8 a.m. cortisol, which followed midnight administration of 1 mg of dexamethasone was larger for saliva than for plasma cortisol. In patients with adrenal hyperactivity the circadian rhythm disappeared from saliva cortisol and patients with deficient adrenal activity displayed drastically reduced levels for saliva cortisol. Saliva cortisol seems thus to be more helpful to diagnosis than plasma cortisol.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Post-menopausal concentrations of plasma oestradiol, oestrone, FSH and LH and of total urinary oestradiol and oestrone after a single sublingual dose of oestradiol-17 beta.

We report the effects of sublingual absorption of a single dose (0.5 mg) of oestradiol-17 beta (E2) in 8 post-menopausal women, on plasma E2 and oestrone (E1), urine elimination of total E2 + E1 and on plasma FSH and LH. The results show that sublingual absorption of E2 occurs and that plasma concentrations of E2 obtained (between 133.2 to 320 pmol/l) in this way were higher than those obtained after percutaneous absorption of a single dose (3 mg) of E2. The ratio E1/E2 in plasma is close to that of pre-menopausal women.

Absorption↗
PubMed1981

[Male fertility in Hodgkin's disease before and after chemotherapy (author's transl)].

Sperm examinations and/or measurements of plasma FSH, LH and testosterone were performed on 54 patients with Hodgkin's disease before and/or after 3 or 6 courses of multiagent chemotherapy (MOPP). In 24 patients without constitutional symptoms the results of fresh and frozen sperm examination were similar to those of a fertile control population. In 23 patients, pretreatment hormone levels were identical with those of controls. During the first year following completion of chemotherapy all patients had azoospermia and high FSH levels. From the second year onwards, 2 out of 16 patients had normal spermatogenesis (the wife of one of these gave birth to a healthy child), while 4 had grossly deficient spermatogenesis and 10 azoospermia. All male patients suffering from Hodgkin's disease should be asked to give sperm for freezing before chemotherapy and should be informed that spermatogenesis may be resumed from the second posttreatment year.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

A simple radioimmunoassay of acebutolol in plasma.

Antisera against acebutolol were produced in rabbits immunized by means of this drug conjugated with bovine serum albumin. These antisera were used to develop a method of radioimmunoassay for acebutolol. The plasma radioimmunoassay, described here, requires no extraction and is very easy to perform besides being quick, specific and sensitive. As little as 2.97 X 10(-9) mol/l of acebutolol can be detected. This radioimmunoassay is suitable for assaying the large number of samples usually measured in pharmacological studies.

Acebutolol↗
PubMed1980

Simultaneous radioimmunoassay of androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone and 11-beta-hydroxyandrostenedione in plasma.

A simultaneous radioimmunoassay for delta 4-androstenedione (delta 4), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and 11 beta-hydroxyandrostenedione (11 beta OH delta 4) in plasma is described. This involved preparing first an anti-11 beta-hydroxyandrostenedione-3-0-carboxymethyl oxime/BSA antiserum which binds both delta 4 and 11 beta OH delta 4, and an anti-dehydrosterone-7-0-carboxymethyl oxime/BSA antiserum. A chromatographic step using celite minicolumns separates these three steroids. The method was applied to the measurement of the plasma basal values of these three androgens in control subjects. Mean concentrations (ng/ml) of delta 4, DHA and 11 beta OH delta 4 were respecstively 1.35, 6.63 and 3.13 in males; 1.35, 6.65 and 2.59 in premenopausal females; 0.46, 1.53 and 1.38 in post-menopausal females, and 0.39, 0.73 and 1.78 in children 1--6 years of age. Dynamic tests were also carried out: ACTH stimulation was found to increase delta 4, DHA and 11 beta OH delta 4. Dexamethasone had a reverse effect causing a 50% diminution in delta 4 levels, a marked decrease in DHA levels, and a 90% decrease in 11 beta OH delta 4 levels. Metyrapone test was found to produce a 223% increase in delta 4 levels, a 196% increase in DHA levels, and a decrease of more than 90% in the 11 beta OH delta 4 levels. Estroprogestative drug treatment was accompanied by a decrease of not only delta 4, but also of DHA and 11 beta OH delta 4. Preliminary clinical results concerning these steroids show a parallel increase or decrease of delta 4 and 11 beta OH delta 4 in adrenal pathology. In ovarian hyperandrogeny, delta 4 is increased and 11 beta OH delta 4 is unchanged.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1980

Adrenocortical 11 beta-hydroxylation defect in adult women with postmenarchial onset of symptoms.

Four cases in adults of a deficiency in the 11 beta-hydroxylation of corticosteroids were investigated by both basal and dynamic biological studies. Symptoms varied from patient to patient; hirsutism, menstrual disturbance, acne, deepening of the voice, and arterial hypertension appeared post puberty. Basal testing demonstrated elevated levels of plasma androgens. These include delta 4-androstenedione (patients, 3.80-6.43 ng/ml; normal, 1.33 +/- 0.33 ng/ml), urinary 17-ketosteroids (patients, 11.8-16.7 mg/24 h; normal, 5-10 mg/24 h), and urinary dehydroepiandrosterone. The basal tests were often insufficient to show the accumulation of the precursors (especially 17-hydroxyprogesterone) which are often given as evidence for an increase in ACTH stimulation. In studying the levels of the mineralocorticoids, there was shown to be an increased basal level of tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (patients, 142-317 microgram/24 h; normal, 60-80 microgram/24 h) which was raised by ACTH stimulation. These results, therefore, confirm the characteristic partial enzyme defect and give evidence for the heterogeneity of this syndrome. Based on the above observations, we believe it is appropriate to rename this condition adult adrenocortical 11 beta-hydroxylation defect rather than late-onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

17-Ketosteroids↗
PubMed1979

[Value of 17-hydroxyprogesterone determination in exploration of adrenal cortex enzyme deficiencies].

17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OH-P) was measured in various populations by radioimmunoassay, using a highly specific antibody produce in the rabbit. Dynamic tests were performed with ACTH, dexamethasone and estroprogestative drugs and the role played by the adrenals and the ovaries in 17-OH-P production could be assessed. 17-OH-P determination is of interest in that, it allows the diagnosis of 21-hydroxylase deficiency, where values above 10 ng/ml are often found. Associated with the measure of testosterone and delta 4-androstenedione, it is also useful in the management of the disease. In the mild form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia with late revelation of the symptoms, determination of 17-OH-P following ACTH stimulation allows of relative diagnosis.

Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital↗
PubMed1978

[Familial idiopathic haemochromatosis with diabetes. Study of glucagon and growth hormone secretions (author's transl)].

In the course of familial idiopathic haemochromatosis with diabetes, after stimulation with arginine, the alpha cell responds perfectly to stimulation, in contrast to the case of chronic pancreatic diseases. After an oral glucose load, there is no reduction in plasma glucagon concentrations, and a paradoxal increase is sometimes seen. These results are quite similar to those reported in common diabetes. Secretion of growth hormone after an infusion of arginine and insulin hypoglycaemia seem to be significantly reduced in comparison with normal subjects and those suffering from common diabetes, paired and explored using the same protocol. This may perhaps explain the low degree of severity and slow course of associated vascular disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Study of the reference values and nyctohemeral cycle of serum iron].

Marked variations in the same individual of serum iron levels may be due to a circadian rhythm. We determined the reference values of serum iron in a population of blood donors who had no blood disease. The very wide reference interval found (0.47 to 1.75 mg/l in man and 0.36 to 1.66 mg/l in women) was due to physiological variations rather than analytical variations. We also demonstrated in individuals with a normal life rhythm, a circadian rhythm for iron with maximal levels in the morning (8 to 12) and minimal levels in the evening (8 p.m. to midnight) the ratio of these levels is usually between 1.5 and 2, but may reach much higher figures. On the other hand, the total fixation capacity varies little over 24 hours. In night workers, one may note a displacement of the cycle with a maximum towards 8 p.m. a minimum at 8 a.m. In diabetics, the circadian rhythm exists but with a lower amplitued than in healthy subjects. In a few cases a hemochromatosis, one may note disappearance of the cycle.

Adult↗