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Biomedical subjects

J Field

Publications and source records attributed to J Field.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Evaluation of exercise-induced bronchospasm in the adult asthmatic.

It has been shown that most asthmatics respond to exercise with bronchospasm. This study was undertaken to develop a safe and reliable method for quantifying exercise-induced bronchospasm in the asthmatic adult. Five normal adult volunteers and 12 stable asthmatics were exercised to 80% of their predicted maximal heart rate according to a multistage branching treadmill protocol. Their responses in terms of forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) and maximum midexpriatory flow rate (MMEFR) at 5, 15, and 30 min after exercise were assessed, while standing, with a Jones Pulmonar II waterless spirometer. This submaximal stress test was chosen because 80% of predicted maximal heart rate could be obtained by all individuals and allowed the asthmatics to exercise long enough for inducible bronchospasm to occur. Audible wheezing was induced in 100% of the asthmatics and in none of the nonasthmatics. In the normal individuals, FEV1 and MMEFR increased signficantly during the postexercise period. When compared to normal subjects, the 12 asthmatic patients demonstrated a significant reduction in FEV1 an MMEFR (deltaFEV1 : 5 min, -300; 15 min, -304; o9 min, -208 ml; -18%, -17%, and -15%; deltaMMEFR: 5 min, -15; 15 min, -9; 30 min, -1L/M; -23%, -18%, and -6%) (p less than 0.01). The use of a rigidly controlled exercise stress with a cardiovascular endpoint in the measurement of FEV1 and MMEFR in the postexercise period appears to be a useful tool in assessing the presence and severity of exercise-induced bronchospasm in the adult asthmatic.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Measurement of plasma prostaglandins during exercise-induced bronchospasm.

Bronchospasm following exercise is a phenomenon which occurs in most patients with reversible airway disease. The pathophysiologic mechanism leading to this bronchoconstriction with exercise has not yet been defined. Recently, prostaglandins have been implicated in the etiology of asthma. The purpose of this investigation was to determine changes in plasma prostaglandins occurring during exercise-induced asthma. Eight ambulant asthmatics were chosen for baseline pulmonary spirometry and peripheral venous blood prostaglandin E and F levels. The asthmatics were then exercised to 80% of their age-predicted maximal heart rate via a multistage branching treadmill protocol. At 5, 15, and 30 min following exercise, pulmonary spirometry was again performed and peripheral venous blood collected at the indicated times. Clinical bronchospasm as characterized by audible wheezing and greater than 15% decrease in FEV1 and MMEFR was obtained in all of the asthmatics. Peripheral PGE and PGF2alpha determinations following this exercise protocol were not altered significantly: (PGE: 0 min, 238; 5 min, 185; 15 min, 248; 30 min, 256 pg/ml); (PGF2alpha: 0 min, 50; 5 min, 24; 15 min, 25; 30 min, 17 pg/ml) (p less than 0.1). In summary, no significant change in peripheral blood prostaglandin E and F2alpha levels as determined by radioimmunoassay was noted at the time of exercise-induced bronchospasm.

Bronchial Spasm↗
PubMed1976

Paradoxic bronchospasm after inhalation of isoptroterenol.

Paradoxic bronchospasm induced by adrenergic aerosols, especially isoproterenol, is a well-known clinical entity. It normally occurs in patients who abuse the use of isoproterenol, but has also been reported in a small group of other patients. This study attempted to identify patients who exhibit paradoxic bronchospasm after administration of aerosolized isoproterenol. Forty-one stable, ambulant asthmatics, whose FEV 1.0 was less than 70 percent of predicted normal were studied. None of the asthmatics had taken isoproterenol for one year prior to evaluation. Baseline pulmonary function tests (FVC,FEV 1.09 MMEFR), blood pressure and ECG rhythm strips were recorded, and repeated at 15, 30, 60 and 120 min after administration of isoproterenol. Twenty-nine of the asthmatic patients had the expected normal response ( delta FEV 1.09 15 min: + 579; 30 min: + 464; 60 min: + 372; 120 min: + 307 ml: + 44, + 36, + 23 and + 24 percent) (delta MMEFR, 15 min: + 37; 60 min: + 29; 120 min: + 18L/Min: + 75, + 69, + 47 and + 37 percent). Twelve asthmatic patients (29 percent) had paradoxic bronchospasm (delta FEV 1.09 15 min: - 38; 30 min: - 60; 60 min: - 175; 120 min: - 27 ml; -1, -4, - 10 and - 4 percent) (delta MMEFR - 15 min: - .5; 30 min: - 3; 60 min: - 9; 120 min: - 2L/min; + 4, - 3, - 6 and - 5 percent, P less than 0.001).

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The adjustment of reaching behavior to object distance in early infancy.

The prehensile activity and looking behavior of 2- and 5-month-old infants were videotaped in the presence of objects placed within and beyond possible contact distance. There was only a consistent adjustment of reaching behavior to stimulus distance in the case of the 5-month-old group. The distance discrimination evident in the prehensile activity of the older infants was paralleled by a reduction in the amount of attention paid to far objects.

Attention↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The pharmacologic effect of aerosolized terbutaline sulfate in exercise-induced bronchospasm.

Bronchospasm can be induced in asthmatics when exercised according to a multistage branching treadmill protocol that allows them to achieve 80 per cent of maximal age-predicted heart rate. This degree of exercise is usually achievable and allows inducible bronchospasm to occur. This present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of terbutaline sulfate aerosol in exercise-induced broncho-spasm. Asthmatics were exercised to 80 per cent of their maximal heart rate, and FEV1.0 and MMEFR were assessed while standing using a Jones Pulmonar II waterless spirometer at 5, 15, and 30 minutes after exercise. After a standard rest period defined by a return to baseline of FEV1.0, MMEFR, and heart rate for 30 minutes, the subjects were administered either 0.50 mg aerosolized terbutaline sulfate or placebo and then exercised again. The pulmonary function parameters were again recorded after this exercise. Preterbutaline and postplacebo exercise resulted in a significant reduction in FEV1.0 and MMEFR, while after treatment with terbutaline not only did bronchospasm not occur but bronchodilation occurred (P less than 0.01). Inhaled terbutaline appeared to normalize the exercise tolerance of the asthmatics and restore physiologic pulmonary airway conductance according to the parameters of FEV1.0 and MMEFR.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Responses of Entamoeba invadens to heat shock and encystation are related.

An Entamoeba invadens gene encoding a homologue of BiP/GRP78, a 70-kDa heat shock protein or chaperonin was cloned. The predicted E. invadens BiP contained an ATP-binding site, a substrate-recognition domain, and a carboxy-terminal KDEL-peptide. Messenger RNAs of E. invadens for BiP, for a 70-kDa heat shock cognate, for a cyst wall glycoprotein (Jacob), and for chitinase were all induced by heat shock and by encystation medium. The presence of Jacob in heat-shocked amebae was confirmed by confocal microscopy and suggests that heat shock and encystation responses in E. invadens are related.

Adaptation, Biological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The personal touch.

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Dietetics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hi-tech but friendly.

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Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A specialist role in patient nutrition.

This article explores the role of the nurse as a clinical specialist in patient nutrition. The author, who also holds the position of sister in charge of a medical ward, explains the benefits of nursing input to a multidisciplinary nutrition team with a hospital-wide remit. Research carried out by the team shows that improvements in patient care and financial savings can be made through skilled management of patient nutritional needs.

Humans↗