Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J Farmer.
Psammomatoid ossifying fibroma of the orbit is a distinctive solitary fibro-osseous lesion of the orbital bones that histologically has characteristic small, round structures resembling psammoma bodies within a benign spindle cell stroma. We describe a 19-year-old woman with this uncommon orbital tumour.
Investigating parents' beliefs about injury prevention may yield important information for planning preventive interventions. A comprehensive description of parents' beliefs about injury prevention is presented in this study, and effects of child age and sex are described. In addition, a health belief model was successfully used to predict parent-reported teaching of safety skills and preventive environmental interventions. The model successfully cross-validated the prediction in two independent samples. Parents reported low feelings of susceptibility or worry about injury. The variables most associated with parental preventive endeavors were the belief that intervention can avoid injury, a realistically high appraisal of the amount of time involved, and feelings of high knowledge and competence to teach safety skills. Implications of these data for designing more effective behavioral interventions are described.
In this work a total of 82 strains of Salmonella typhi were isolated from Egyptian patients diagnosed as quiry enteric fever. These cases were from Ismalia, Suez and port Said Areas. The strains fell in 16 phage types. Phage types N, 40, E1, and degraded Vi were the commonest phage type in Ismailia, while phage types degraded Vi and C1 were the commonest in Port Said. Phage types Di-N, degraded Vi, A and C1 were the commonest in Suez. Chemotyping of Salmonella typhi showed that the majority of the strains belonged to chemotype I (82%), and the rest belonged to chemotype II (18%). Colicin production was negative and all the strains were susceptible to the currently used antibiotics.
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One method for determining cause of death in a clinical trial is to use standard nosological coding of death certificates. In order to look at an alternative approach, the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program (HDFP) assessed underlying causes of death through the use of three physicians. These physicians were trained and standardized in the proper recording of cause of death on death certificates. Each physician completed a death certificate for each of the 768 deaths in the HDFP, utilizing all available information, including HDFP records, plus any additional hospital and autopsy records. The new standardized death certificates were then transmitted to a panel of three nosologists who coded the cause of death. The physician preparation procedure was compared with a procedure wherein a panel of three nosologists coded the original death certificate for the underlying cause of death. The procedures agreed on the three-digit International Classification of Disease, Adapted code in 60.1% of the cases. The agreement rate improved to 72.5% when disease codes were collapsed into broad disease categories utilized in the HDFP.
Female BALB/c and B6C3F1 mice were examined after a 3-wk exposure to dietary estradiol (0, 400, 800, 1600, and 3200 ppb) in a purified (AIN-76A) or a natural-ingredient (NIH-07) diet. The use of AIN-76A was associated with a 9-13% greater (p less than 0.001) body weight and a 36-43% higher (p less than 0.001) serum cholesterol in both mouse genotypes when compared to mice fed NIH-07. Conversely, when fed NIH-07, both mouse genotypes had a 20-22% higher (p less than 0.003) serum urea nitogren and 2-3.5% higher erythrocyte count (p less than 0.001) and hemoglobin concentration (p less than 0.04) than when fed AIN-76A. Reduced erythrocyte parameters suggest that chronic feeding of the purified diet might result in anemia. No significant compound or diet-related differences were noted for serum creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, or gamma-glutamyl transferase. Although there was no diet effect on absolute or differential white blood cell count, estradiol caused a decrease in the total white blood cell count (p less than 0.014) and an increase in the percentage of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (p less than 0.014) in BALB/c and decreased the percentage of lymphocytes (p less than 0.005) in B6C3F1 females. In addition, estradiol increased uterine weight and inhibited thymic and splenic weights in one or both genotypes. Spleen and thymus weight responses to estradiol were not significantly influenced by diet. However, the uterine weight responses to estradiol were apparently influenced by diet in both genotypes. In B6C3F1 mice, the uterus weighed more at each level of estradiol when mice were fed AIN-76A compared to NIH-07 diet. In BALB/c mice, this was true only at the two lower dietary concentrations of estradiol. In conclusion, mice fed the purified diet, AIN-76A, differed from those fed the cereal-based diet, NIH-07, in hematology, clinical chemistry, and uterine weight response to estradiol.
Spontaneous cerebrospinal otorrhea (SCSFO) from tegmen or posterior fossa defects is uncommon. Twenty-nine cases have been detailed in the literature to date. We report an additional four cases from three patients. This group of 33 cases of SCSFO from tegmen or posterior fossa defects is characterized by certain clinical features. These patients are usually older adults (mean age 48 years, range 8 months to 80 years). Aural fullness with a serous appearing middle ear effusion, or clear otorrhea, often subsequent to tube myringotomy, are the usual initial symptoms. Meningitis was the initial manifestation in eight patients (24%), and ultimately occurred in an additional four patients (12%). The pathophysiologic basis for SCSFO from tegmen defects is discussed. Methods for diagnosing and treating CSF otorrhea from tegmen defects are reviewed.
Localized regions of mineralization were found in confluent cultures of rabbit marrow fibroblastic cells. The mineralized tissue developed within clusters of giant fat cells in the spaces between the cells. Investigations with light and electron microscopy demonstrated that in these sites there was some differentiation of the fibroblastic cells in an osteogenic direction, shown by changes to more polygonal shapes, and the synthesis of well-banded collagen similar to that found in bone tissue. Differentiation may be due, in part, to increased cell density in a confined space. Growth of the mineralized tissue was observed in the living cultures with a fluorescence microscope. Electron probe microanalysis confirmed that the mineral formed was hydroxyapatite. Initiating sites of mineralization included membranous vesicular bodies, lipid, and products of cellular degeneration. Once initiated, mineralization appeared to spread rapidly into adjacent collagenous and other structures, suggesting the appearance of a mixture of skeletal-type and dystrophic mineralization.
Of 11 young children (six girls and five boys, ranging in age from 4 to 14 months) with monocular nystagmus, six were found to have chiasmal tumors whereas only four had spasmus nutans. Differentiating features between these two groups included decreased vision and optic nerve anomalies (including four cases of optic nerve hypoplasia) in the tumor group. However, we found that no consistent clinical finding absolutely separates these groups. We therefore recommend that all infants and children with monocular nystagmus or the other features of spasmus nutans should undergo computed tomographic scanning.
Maintenance of a normal to low intraocular pressure during ocular surgery is of critical importance. The prime considerations for anaesthetic management include adequate depth of anaesthesia, normal carbon dioxide and arterial oxygen tensions, stable cardiovascular status and avoidance of stimuli likely to raise central venous pressure. Non-depolarizing muscle relaxants are associated with a reduction in intraocular pressure. Metocurine, a non-depolarizing relaxant, formerly known as dimethyltubocurarine, has been recently reintroduced into clinical practice. Metocurine has been reported to be 1.8 times more potent than d-tubocurarine and has the clinically advantageous cardiovascular effects of stable heart rate and mean blood pressure with minimal associated histamine release. When combined with pancuronium, metocurine potentiates the neuromuscular blocking properties, so that small doses of both drugs in combination produce effective neuromuscular block. This study was designed to assess the suitability of metocurine 0.3 mg.kg-1 and metocurine 0.08 mg.kg-1 plus pancuronium 0.02 mg.kg-1 as muscle relaxants for ocular surgery. The results demonstrated that metocurine and metocurine-pancuronium combination in the above doses combined with sodium thiopentone 5 mg.kg-1 produced ideal conditions for intubation of the trachea in 4.45 (+/- 0.19 SE) minutes and 4.35 (+/- 0.16 SE) minutes respectively. In both treatment groups intraocular pressure was reduced below control values and a pattern of intraocular pressure stability ideal for ocular surgery was obtained during the 10 minutes observation period. The delayed onset of sufficient paralysis for tracheal intubation - 4.45 (+/- 0.19 SE) minutes for metocurine and 4.35 (+/- 0.16 SE) minutes for the combination - makes these techniques unsuitable for emergency ocular surgery because of the long interval when the airway is unprotected.
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Hyperplasia induced by N-2-fluorenylacetamide requires the continuous presence of the chemical for its maintenance. Feeding the chemical at levels of 8 to 86 ppm results in a dose-response related urinary bladder hyperplasia and, after 9 to 12 months, in bladder neoplasia at the higher dose levels. Neoplasia of the lungs, liver, parotid gland, lacrimal gland, harderian gland, and submaxillary gland was also observed. Measurement of oncogenic viruses revealed no synergism with 2-FAA and no relationship between virus counts and neoplasia. Calcareous pericarditis was observed and most general toxicological effects occurred in the liver. A pronounced sex difference in response was observed with the males giving greater responses than the females in all instances.
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One paradigm for exploring stimulus effects on behavior is defined for steady state experiments. The paradigm is illustrated by a 60-sec fixed-interval reinforcement schedule wherein a 6-sec light is introduced into each interval. The temporal relation of this stimulus to the reinforcer is the independent variable that is systematically explored. Two experiments studied this temporal relation under two parametric conditions: (a) when the 6-sec light occurs once in each 60-sec interval, (b) when the 6-sec light occurs twice in each interval, the second time always during the 6 sec immediately preceding the reinforcer. Functions are presented showing the effect of the 6-sec light on responding at all points in the fixed-interval.
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