Biomedical subjects

J Fanta

Publications and source records attributed to J Fanta.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1995

[Iatrogenic pneumothorax].

The authors present a group of 22 patients with iatrogenic pneumothorax. They analyze the basic causes of development of iatrogenic pneumothorax, such as cannulation of the subclavicular vein thoracic puncture. They give an account of their experience with the therapeutic procedure which involves the insertion of a classical thoracic drain and several days of active exhausting. In the conclusion they discuss the possibility to use a new method-videothoracoscopy-in some indicated cases.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

[New approaches in the use of antibiotics in the treatment of postoperative intra-abdominal infections].

The authors present the results of a clinical investigation on the therapeutic use of carbapenem, imipenem/cilastatin in 20 patients operated on account of intraabdominal inflammatory affections, hospitalized at the intensive care unit of the Surgical Clinic of the Third Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague in 1993. Imipenem/cilastatin was administered to patients during surgery--500 mg i.v.--and subsequently after 8--hour intervals for 5-8 days. During comprehensive treatment no superinfection developed and the patients recovered.

Abdomen↗

PubMed1995

[Videothorascopic surgery--initial experience].

Practical experience with the miniinvasive laparoscopic technique in abdominal surgery logically led to extension of this method to thoracic surgery. Video-assisted thoracoscopic operations hold their place in the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax, pleural syndrome, benign tumours of the thoracic wall etc. A curative solution of malignant diseases by this route is so far controversial and is reserved only for specially defined cases. Experience from the authors' department is based on nine-month use of a thoracoscopic apparatus. The authors operated a total of 21 patients thoracoscopically, incl. pneumothorax 6x, fluidothorax 10x and tumourous disease of the lungs or mediastinum 5x. The use of thoracoscopy is controversial in metastases of the lungs and in thymectomy. With regard to the authors are against thoracoscopic indications in the latter conditions contemporary technical possibilities.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[Short-term prophylaxis with ceftriaxone in planned intrathoracic operations].

The purpose of the investigation was to evaluate the effect of short-term prophylaxis with a cephalosporin of the IIIrd generation, ceftriaxone, in 20 patients with an elective intrathoracic operation. The investigation comprised patients operated on account of bronchogenic carcinoma, metastases in the lungs, relapsing spontaneous pneumothorax and carcinoma of the distal cesophagus. ceftriaxone - 1 g was administered before the introduction to anaesthesia. The second 1 g dose was administered after 12 hours. In addition to the microbiological examination of the bronchial secretion and evaluation of the minimal inhibitory concentration of ceftriaxone to the isolated bacteria the ceftriaxone serum level was assessed in the patients and its concentration in the pulmonary parenchyma. Postoperative inflammatory complications/pneumonia/ were detected in two patients. With regard to the long serum half-life/longer than surgery/ ceftriaxone is suitable for short-term prophylaxis in thoracic surgery. The serum level and ceftriaxone penetration into the pulmonary parenchyma is higher than the minimal inhibitory concentration in the majority of isolated bacteria.

Bacteria↗

PubMed1994

[A tracheal prosthesis made from P(AEMA)--a further step toward tracheal replacement].

In animal experiments (5 dogs) the authors tested a material for the construction of tracheal prostheses so far not used in other countries. P(AEMA), the polymer 2-acetoxy-ethylmethacrylate is well tolerated, it did not produce a rejection reaction. The inner wall of the prosthesis was throughout the experiment patent, smooth and secretion did not adhere to it. Macroscopic examination did not reveal cumulation of mucus and signs of infection. The self-cleansing capacity was not impaired and the dog was able to expectorate mucus over a 5 cm length of the prosthesis. The solid ends of the prosthesis, however, caused mechanical irritation of the site of anastomosis and after cca 4 weeks of the experiment granulation tissue began to form. The experiments were terminated on account of complete occlusion of the lumen of the airways by granulation tissue 4-6 weeks after operation. The authors' efforts to design a suitable tracheal prosthesis led to a change of strategy of subsequent research. They started experiments with a heterologous portion of the pig trachea devoid of antigenicity; this will be the subject of a subsequent paper.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

[Replacement of the trachea with a prosthesis--an unsolvable problem?].

Reconstruction of the trachea by means of a segmental prosthesis is a complicated problem, which has not been completely resolved so far. The authors present a brief historical review of attempts to bridge the gap by different types of prostheses Evon Neville's silicone prostheses are not well tolerated on a long-term basis and its is thus important to look for other materials for the manufacture of an "ideal" tracheal prosthesis. (ur synthetic prosthesis made from poly/ARMA/is very well tolerated, similarly as silicone prostheses. Despite this the authors produced in 1993 a new type of prosthesis, based on antigenicity-deprived heterologous pig tissue. Trials with this prosthesis will be evaluated in a subsequent paper.

Humans↗

PubMed1991

[Surgical treatment of pulmonary metastases].

During the period from March 31 1987 to April 30 1990 the authors operated 24 patients with pulmonary metastases. They performed 13 operations during which they removed 86 metastases, 54 of which were removed by a Nd:YAG laser, 32 by the classical technique. The results of evaluation of the group support a more active approach of the surgeon to these conditions. As far as the selected surgical technique is concerned, the authors recommend Nd:YAG lasers because of the qualitatively more favourable conditions of the performed operation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[Removal of pulmonary metastases using the Nd:YAG laser].

The authors submit a case-history on their first successful application of a Nd:YAG laser in pulmonary surgery. They operated a 17-year-old boy with metastases of a synovial sarcoma in both wings of the lungs. First the boy was operated on the left side by the classical technique, half a year later the authors used a Nd:YAG laser on the right side. By means of the laser four metastases were removed. The postoperative course was without complications. One month after operation the patient was discharged from the care of oncologists and was free of complaints. The authors compare the surgical techniques and the postoperative course of the patient. A Nd:YAG laser is a suitable supplement of the equipment of pulmonary surgeons. Since the described case the authors used the laser in same indication in another three patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

[Removal of a liver tumor using the Nd:YAG laser].

At the Third Surgical Clinic, Charles University Prague a Nd:YAG laser, manufactured locally, MEDICALAS, was used to remove a hepatic tumour with a diameter of 3 cm. The authors used a continuous mode, a wavelength of 1064 nm, a non-contact focusing terminal and output of 100 W. The patient was discharged, healed, on the 11th day after operation. The operation which had no complications was the first of its kind in Czechoslovakia.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[Pulmonary sequestration].

In a group of 11 patients with pulmonary sequestration (7 men and 4 women) nine times lower lobectomy was performed and twice segmental resection of the basal segments of the lower lobe. Three times severe haemorrhage from the atherosclerotic degeneratively altered artery supplying the pulmonary sequester was recorded. None of the patients died. No relapse was observed. An essential part of the preoperative examination is angiography of the lungs which reveals reliably an atypical course of the artery for the pulmonary sequester.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[Advantages of autotransfusion].

UNLABELLED: Autotransfusions have a period of renaissance. ADVANTAGES: the risk of transmission of infectious diseases (hepatitis, malaria, lues, AIDS etc.) is eliminated; there is no danger of isosensitization; autologous blood ensures a better oxygen transfer and higher activity of coagulation factors; pretransfusion examinations are eliminated; there is no need to postpone the operation for shortage of blood; the consumption of homologous blood is reduced; economy; religious objections against transfusion of homologous blood are eliminated. The authors know of no disadvantages. Blood for autotransfusion was collected from 130 patients before a planned operation, 11 times two consecutive blood collections were made. No complication threatening the patient's health was encountered.

Blood Preservation↗

PubMed1987