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Biomedical subjects

J Fabre

Publications and source records attributed to J Fabre.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Diagnostic value of cholinesterase activity in superficial biopsies of the rectum].

Quantitative assay of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities have been estimated in superficial rectal biopsies from 168 neonates or children suspected of having Hirschsprung's disease. The AChE activity made the diagnosis in 93% of the cases. The ratio AChE/BChE improved both the specificity and the sensitivity and confirmed the diagnosis on the first series of biopsies in 99% of the cases.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1985

[Relations between physical exertion and protein-energy metabolism. Application to nutritional support of hospitalized patients].

The relationship between physical activity, nutritional requirements and protein-energy metabolism is well-established. However, and contrary to bedside practice at home, non-ambulatory techniques of enteral or parenteral nutrition are often used in hospitalized patients, even those who are able to move about. The purpose of the present study is: (a) to review the relationship, as we know it at present, between physical activity and protein metabolism in both normal subjects and patients with denutrition, and (b) to demonstrate that using from the start, or as early as possible, ambulatory techniques of enteral or parenteral nutrition does represent, both physiologically and psychologically, a decisive step forward in the care of hospital patients.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1985

Effects of cyclic (nocturnal) total parenteral nutrition and continuous enteral nutrition on circadian rhythms of blood lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in humans.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence and characteristics (acrophase, amplitude) of circadian rhythms of serum total cholesterol, free-fatty acids (FFA), triglycerides, lipoproteins (HDL-, LDL-, and VLDL-cholesterol), apolipoproteins A and B, glucose and total proteins in hospitalized patients fed with 12 h nocturnal total parenteral nutrition (TPN) (from 8 PM to 8 AM) including lipids, patients fed with continuous enteral nutrition over 24 h daily spans, and patients eating 3 meals a day serving as controls. All the subjects were synchronized with diurnal activity and nocturnal rest in the hospital routine. The results showed the following: 1) circadian rhythms of total cholesterol, triglycerides, FFA, HDL-, LDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein A and total proteins were detected in both TPN patients and controls, rhythms of apolipoprotein B and glucose in TPN patients only; in enteral nutrition patients, rhythms were detected for total proteins, glucose and triglycerides only; 2) a significant shift in triglyceride and FFA acrophases was observed in TPN patients, as compared with controls; 3) 24 h mean of both triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations remained unchanged after one month, in both TPN and enteral nutrition patients. The present approach, by extending results of previous investigations, leads one to conclude that, on both a metabolic and a chronobiological basis, cyclic nocturnal TPN is well-tolerated.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Inhibition of potassium-induced contracture of the isolated rat aorta by amiloride.

Potassium contractures of helically cut strips of rat aorta were recorded isometrically. Contractures induced by KCl 40 mmol/l were decreased dose-dependently by amiloride (1.7 X 10(-5) to 1.4 X 10(-4) mol/l) added to the bath 10 min before the depolarization. Ouabain (10(-3) mol/l) antagonized this effect. Contractures induced by using, instead of normal Krebs solution, a solution in which potassium was replaced by sodium (Krebs potassium) were also decreased dose-dependently by amiloride, but the slope of the linear log dose-effect curve line was steeper. When arteries were incubated in a solution deprived of sodium and calcium (isotonicity maintained by choline), the intensity of consecutive contractures by Krebs potassium decreased progressively. Incubation in a normal Krebs solution restored the normal contractures; amiloride added at the same time prevented this restoration. These findings are in agreement with the assumption that sodium-calcium exchange plays an important part in the contracture of vascular smooth muscles.

Amiloride↗
PubMed1984

The early period of experimental Mendelson's syndrome in dogs with PaCO2 and pH in a normal range.

In 9 dogs the first 240 min of experimental Mendelson's syndrome were studied. To minimise hemodynamic alterations, the PaCO2 and pH were kept within the normal range. An increase in pulmonary artery pressure, Qs/Qt and a decrease in PaO2 were demonstrated. Diminution of heart rate and cardiac index were associated with the decrease of systemic oxygen transport. The first 30 min appeared as a para-sympathetic syndrome, the remainder of the experiment as a hypovolemic syndrome. Severe hypoxia was observed during the two periods.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The effects of biliary obstruction on excretion of cefoperazone in the rat.

A study has been carried out on the influence of biliary obstruction on the elimination of cefoperazone (CPZ), an antibiotic mainly excreted in the bile. Rats were submitted to ligature of the common bile duct, given CPZ 100 mg/kg i.m., and killed 1 to 72 h afterwards. At death, measurements were made of CPZ concentrations in the serum, liver, lung, striated muscle, kidney, urine, intestinal wall and intestinal contents. The results were compared with those found in intact and in sham operated rats. Biliary obstruction led to a prolongation of the time taken for CPZ to disappear from the serum and markedly changed the way in which the drug was excreted. The amount of the drug excreted in the urine was 88% in the presence of biliary obstruction compared with 6% in intact rats and 14% in sham operated rats. The amount of CPZ in the small intestine 1 h after injection was very high in sham operated rats but only minimal amounts were found at this time in the presence of biliary obstruction. However, from 6 h after the injection, large amounts of CPZ were found in the intestinal contents despite the presence of biliary obstruction. In conclusion, in the presence of biliary obstruction, CPZ is eliminated by a combination of urinary and intestinal (non-biliary) excretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Effect of various types of liver diseases on the behavior of cefoperazone].

Cefoperazone is a third generation cephalosporin mainly excreted by the biliary route. Hepatic dysfunction may have a pronounced effect on its pharmacokinetic behaviour. Sixty liver patients (acute viral hepatitis, alcoholic fatty liver and liver cirrhosis), without overt renal disease, have been studied and compared to controls. In liver disease the total clearance of cefoperazone is markedly decreased by reduction of extrarenal clearance, which is variable for each type of liver injury. Renal clearance does not change or may even increase, when hypoalbuminemia is present and compensates the reduction in extrarenal clearance.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Quantitative approach to drug compliance of diabetics].

Many patients do not take their medication according to the instructions of their physician. Patient compliance is particularly poor in the long-term treatment of diseases, which produce only minor symptoms in the patient. The aim of the present study was to quantitate patient compliance in diabetics treated with tolbutamide. The amount of tolbutamide taken by the patient was estimated on the basis of its 24 hours urinary excretion. The collection of the 24 hours urine is a standard procedure in our outpatient clinic for the measurement of glycosuria. The study involved 33 diabetics followed over several months. In those reliable patients, who conscientiously took their medication, we found a good correlation between the prescribed dose and the 24 hours urinary excretion. In contrast, when the data from the entire group of 33 out-patients was evaluated, the correlation between these two parameters of prescribed dose and urinary excretion was poor. The correlation between urinary excretion and the dose admitted by the patient was just as poor. According to our results, only one out of two diabetics took the prescribed dose. After our initial observations, we informed the outpatients about their inclusion in this study. In spite of the fact that the patients knew that they were under observation for compliance, we found large interindividual differences in the urinary excretion of tolbutamide over several months. In contrast, the intraindividual variability was low. We found that interviews with patients are a poor means to detect non-compliance, whereas urinary excretion measurements appear to be more reliable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMed1983

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical consequences of the genetic polymorphism of oxidation].

Bufuralol is a beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug whose metabolism is under the same genetic control as debrisoquine. Bufuralol appears to be a sensitive tool for characterization of this pharmacogenetic variation. After test drug absorption, one single blood collection allows separation between extensive and poor metabolizers. In Switzerland, the poor metabolizer status has a prevalence of 8%. In poor metabolizers bufuralol plasma concentrations are very high, an observation of interest when considering the occurrence of side effects of the drug. In addition to disease-induced variability in drug response, oxidation polymorphism is a major source of interindividual variations in drug effect. As the metabolism of numerous drugs is affected by this pharmacogenetic variation, the question arises whether systematic screening should not be considered.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1983

Contribution of the genetic status of oxidative metabolism to variability in the plasma concentrations of beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents.

The oxidative metabolism of bufuralol is under the same genetic control as that of debrisoquine and sparteine. 154 fasting volunteers received a 30 mg tablet of bufuralol and a blood sample was taken 3 h later. In poor metabolizers (8% of the sample) the plasma bufuralol concentrations were very high and the metabolite concentrations were low. The genetic oxidative status is a major source of interindividual variation in the plasma concentration of drugs that undergo oxidative metabolism.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗