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Biomedical subjects

J Fabre

Publications and source records attributed to J Fabre.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

[Pulmonary silicosis (not including asbestosis and berylliosis].

The pleuro-pulmonary pathology of asbestos, top most of silicates, is today well known. Other silicates, talcum powder, clays, micas essentially, are exploited and commercialized. Their pathology is less well known and often contradictory because of the heterogeneity of the inhaled minerals. All can contain large quantities of quartz and some varieties of talcum and a considerable proportion of asbestos fibres. These minerals can provoke severe pneumoconioses, silicoses and asbestoses respectively. Some relatively pure products do not contain these contaminants. In case of intense and prolonged dust inhaling, they can produced an impressive pneumoconiosis with relatively mild clinical signs as shown by the series of 27 cases of pneumoconiosis from the french talcum powder as reported by the authors. The chemical nature and electronic structure of different silicates are very similar. It raises the question of the noxious effect of asbestos and the relative innocuousness of other minerals of the same family, and wether the fibrous structure alone is implicated.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Proteinuria].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Child↗
PubMed1977

[Electrocardiographic modifications in candidates for medical examinations].

17 medicine undergraduates sitting their final examinations underwent continous ECG recording during a period of 3 h. Their usual heart rate was 71 +/- 9 per minute, accelerating to 149 +/- 13, most often at the moment of entering the examination room. This reaction was usual in all candidates despite their knowledge that the failure rate at the exams is always very low; all of this group likewise passed. Two subjects exhibited marked alterations in the terminal phase compatible with myocardial ischemia. In 6 cases severe sinus rhythm variations evidenced an unstable balance of the vagal and adrenergic stimulations. No other arrhythmias, augmentation in the number of premature beats or atrio-ventricular blockade were observed. Analysis of the results shows that the heart response to psychic aggression differs from that to physical effort.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Hypoglycemic sulfonylurea metabolites: clinical interest. Experiences with glibenclamide in the rat].

Glibenclamide, a hypoglycemic sulfonylurea, is extensively metabolized by the body and eliminated primarily in the form of its hydroxylated derivatives. The major metabolite, 4-trans-hydroxy-glibenclamide, is usually cleared rapidly from the bloodstream, but in certain pathological states (e.g. renal failure) blood levels of this product may increase. A protocol therefore was designed to test the hypoglycemic potency of this important metabolite in rats. Various quantities were injected intraperitoneally, and alterations in blood glucose concentrations were measured during a 5-hour period and compared to those in animals similarly treated with glibenclamide and in saline-injected controls. Using the dose capable of decreasing blood glucose levels by 30% (ED30) as a comparative index, it was observed that the metabolic has a marked hypoglycemic activity; though 6--7 times less potent than the parent drug, 4-trans-hydroxy-glibenclamide is nevertheless more potent than tolbutamide. Thus, while the glibenclamide metabolite probably has little influence on blood glucose when its clearance is normal, this product may exert marked effects if allowed to accumulate in the blood, as for example in renal failure. Finally, the role of such sulfonylurea metabolites should be taken into account when attempting to explain the occasional excessive and sustained hypoglycemia which occurs in some diabetic patients treated with these drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Pharmacokinetic effect of various antibiotics in the tissues].

The tissular pharmacokinetics of antibiotics were studied by sacrificing rats in groups of 6 at various intervals after the injection of ampicillin, cephalothin, doxycycline, gentamicin and sisomicin. A microbiological method was used to determine levels in 10 organs. The antibiotic penetrated rapidly into all the tissues but with very different affinities depending on the organ involved. The concentration of doxycycline in the tissues was always higher than in the serum and this relationship was maintained throughout the investigation. This was not true of ampicillin which disappeared a little more slowly from the organs, particularly the renal medulla, than from the serum. The aminosides showed a marked accumulation and prolonged persistence in the renal cortex: 4 weeks after injection concentrations were found which were above the maximum levels in the serum. When daily injections of 4 mg/kg aminoside were given, concentrations above 350 mug/g were found after 7 days. These findings permit a better understanding of antibiotic effectiveness and toxicity.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1977

Behaviour of glibenclamide on repeated administration to diabetic patients.

Six maturity onset diabetic patients took glibenclamide 5 mg by mouth, every morning 10 min before a standard breakfast. Serum levels of immunoreactive glibenclamide, glucose and immunoreactive insulin were measured repeatedly on the first and 15th days of treatment. Measured glibenclamide blood levels were in close agreement with an analogue computer simulation of data obtained from healthy volunteers: there was no accumulation of drug in the blood, but there was strong evidence for the existence of a slowly equilibrating "deep" compartment. Considerable insulin release and correction of the breakfast-induced hyperglycaemia were observed immediately after administration of the drug, as well as 5 h later, at lunch time. The clinical significance of blood levels of glibenclamide, as well as the correlation of pharmacokinetics with pharmacodynamics, are discussed in the light of these results.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

Pharmacokinetics of ampicillin, cephalothin and doxycycline in various tissues of the rat.

To study the behavior of antibiotics in the tissues, rats were sacrificed repeatedly in groups of six, after the injection of 25 mg/kg ampicillin, 100 mg/kg cephalothin or 10 mg/kg doxycycline. These antibiotics were bioassayed in ten different organs. Standards were established for each organ by using identical organs, thus avoiding errors caused by tissue binding or inhibition. Penetration into the tissue is very fast. Compared to serum levels, lung, muscle, heart, testicle and spleen, levels are higher for doycycline, lower for ampicillin and variable for cephalothin: for example, lung/serum ratio at 1 h is 2.2, 0.5 and 1.1, respectively; muscle/serum is 2.3, 0.2 and 0.18. The decrease in tissue levels parrallels that in the serum for doxycycline, but is slower for ampicillin. The hepatic penetration of cephalothin is less than that of doxycycline or ampicillin. Levels are higher in the renal cortex than in the medulla for doxycycline, lower for cephalothin, and similar for ampicillin. The data enabled calculation of tissular pharmacokinetics. They have practical implications in the selection of antibiotics.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1977

[Dysimmunologic and pseudolymphomatous adenopathies. I. Immunoblastic and plasmocytic lymphadenopathies].

The authors report 9 cases with pseudo-lymphomatous lesions associated with dysimmunitary features. They discuss the correlations between these cases and similar entities, for instance angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy (LAID). It seems that all these anatomoclinical syndromes could be referred to as dysimmunitary and pseudolymphomatous adenopathies (ADPL). The first type--ADPL type I--rich in immunoblasts and plasmocytes is defined. LAID is the most common form. The term "dysimmunitary" reflects not only the biological disturbances which accompany these lesions, but also their possible physiopathological mechanism, type I ADPL being apparently due to problem chiefly affecting humoral immunity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Dysimmunologic and pseudolymphomatous adenopathies. II. Lymphadenopathies rich in epithelial cells].

Besides the dysimmunitary and pseudo-lymphomatous adenopathies rich in immunoblasts and plasmocytes (ADPL type I) five cases showed similar clinical and biological data but with frequently otorhinolaryngologic location. The lesions are characterized by important structural changes and abundant epithelioid cells are comparable to Lukes' type III immunoblastic lymphadenopathies and to Lennert's lymphoepithelioid lymphomas. They must be distinguished from Hodgkin's granulomas which are rich in epithelioid cells. They are perhaps due to a disturbancy bearing mainly on the cellular immunity.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1976

[Pharmacokinetics of two beta blocking drugs: detection of a pharmacogenetic abnormality].

10 healthy male volunteers received orally either 100 mg tolamolol or 20 mg bufuralol. These experiments were repeated by intravenous administration of 10 and 5 mg respectively of these two drugs. Plasma levels of the parent drugs and their main metabolite were measured. In one subject, the apparent half-life of elimination was increased from 2.5 h (normal subjects) to 5 h for both drugs. This prolongation of the half-life is associated with low plasma levels of the metabolites, a peculiarity which can be explanined by a decreased rate of metabolism for these two drugs. This anomaly may explain the marked orthostatic hypotension observed only in this subject. The likelihood of a pharmacogenetic defect is discussed.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1976

[Mesosystolic click syndrome and arrhythmia].

On 24-hour ambulatory ECG, 17 patients with mitral valve prolapse displayed more frequent and serious arrhythmias than a control group of 17. Neither resting ECG, treadmill ECG, nor other external recordings were capable of predicting which of the patients were prone to development of arrhythmias.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Persistence of sisomicin and gentamicin in renal cortex and medulla compared with other organs and serum of rats.

Aminoglycoside antibiotics seem to accumulate and persist in the kidney. For a better understanding of this problem, groups of six rats received a single 4 mg/kg i.p. injection of sisomicin and were sacrificed repeatedly from 30 min to 28 days later. Sisomicin concentrations (bioassay) decreased rapidly in the serum, lung and other tissues. There was only a trace at six hours. The situation was totally different for the kidney. Concentrations in the cortex increased up to six hours with a maximum of 99 mug/g, 11 times higher than the peak value in the serum then decreased very slowly to 56, 18, and 7 mug/g, 2, 14 and 28 days, respecitvely, after injection. The concentrations in the medulla were lower than in the cortex but also showed an accumulation and persistence. Similar results were observed with gentamicin. In another experiment, daily injections of sisomicin or gentamicin during seven days demonstrated that the concentrations of both antibiotics six hours after the last injection were nearly three times higher in the cortex and twice as high in the medulla than after a single injection. These data explain why the nephrotoxicity of sisomicin or gentamicin involves chiefly the cortex, increases with the length of the treatment and can persist for several weeks after the last injection. Therapeutic implications need further studies.

Animals↗