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Biomedical subjects

J F Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to J F Wilson.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

External quality assessment of techniques for assay of serum ethanol.

Ethanol was assayed by an average of 200 participants in the UK National External Quality Assessment Scheme, in 26 samples of human serum containing 0.1% fluoride/oxalate and added ethanol from 0.2 to 4.5 g/L. Outliers greater than three standard deviations from the consensus mean for any sample were excluded. Data remaining were grouped by technique and the technique mean and standard deviation calculated. Inter-laboratory variation of 13 technique groups was assessed by the coefficient of variation of measurements and bias from the per cent difference of the technique mean from the target value. Gas chromatography (GC) with packed columns and Sigma alcohol dehydrogenase assay protocols that include a sample deproteinization step, showed better between-laboratory agreement but greater bias. The least variable techniques were headspace analysis with GC-packed columns, Kodak Ektachem, bioMérieux and DuPont aca assays. A significant negative bias was produced by Kodak Ektachem and a positive bias by the Lion alcometer which was the most variable technique.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1995

Patterns of psychological distress in infertile couples.

The present investigation used a sample of 104 infertile couples to examine patterns of distress among couples. Couples were separated on the basis of which spouse(s) experienced distress: Both non-distressed (33%), Male distressed (18%), Female distressed (22%), Both distressed (27%). Most couples tended to exhibit parallel functioning (60%) with both spouses functioning at similar levels, while the remainder experienced complementary patterns with one distressed and the other not. Of particular note is the finding that a substantial number of infertile couples (18%) have a distressed husband paired with a non-distressed wife, which is counter to the general assumption that infertility is more distressing to women than to men. The Both non-distressed couples had the least overall psychological distress, with higher estimates of marital satisfaction. They and the couples from the Male distressed group had been in the treatment process less time and were drawn primarily from infertility clinics. The Female distressed group and Both distressed group had been in treatment for the longest time and were primarily recruited through RESOLVE, Inc. (a national non-profit organization for infertile people). These data illustrate the importance of considering the contextual pattern of distress in couples when considering women or men being treated for infertility.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

Em18, a new serodiagnostic marker for differentiation of active and inactive cases of alveolar hydatid disease.

We determined whether detection of antibody response against a newly detected epitope, designated Em18, among Echinococcus multilocularis antigens could be a reliable marker for differentiation of active cases of alveolar hydatid disease (AHD) from inactive cases. Fifteen Alaskan patients with either active or inactive lesions of AHD previously confirmed clinically, pathologically, and serologically by the Em2-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used for a blind test by Western blotting. Ten and five cases were considered to be active and inactive cases, respectively. One of the 10 cases classified serologically as active was judged to be inactive based on clinical and pathologic criteria; the patient had a recognizable parasitic lesion, and following short-term treatment with albendazole, a biopsy of the liver showed a degenerated lesion that did not grow in rodents. The five cases judged to be inactive included two confirmed inactive cases with cicatrized lesions and three active cases that showed the weakest values in the Em2-ELISA. The most predominant IgG subclass responding to Em18 was IgG4. In general, there were good correlations between 1) the antibody response against Em18 and the presence of active lesions and 2) the antibody response against Em18 and the Em2-ELISA values.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) stimulates release of alpha-MSH from the rat hypothalamus through release of nitric oxide.

Superfusion of rat hypothalamic slices with 10(-4) M N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) resulted in increased release of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH). Peptide release was blocked by 10(-6) M NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) a specific competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase but not by the inactive enantiomer D-NAME at 10(-6) M. The inhibition by L-NAME was reversed by the addition of 10(-5) mM L-arginine, an excess of enzyme substrate. Release of nitric oxide products into tissue superfusates was stimulated by a 50 mM concentration of potassium ions and by 10(-4) M NMDA. Potassium-stimulated release was blocked by L-NAME. Basal, potassium-stimulated and NMDA-stimulated release of nitric oxide products were significantly inhibited by the NMDA-receptor antagonist D(-)-2-amino-5-phosphopentanoic acid (AP5) at 10(-4) M and by the NMDA-channel blocker ketamine at 10(-4) M. We conclude that nitric oxide mediates the stimulatory action of glutamic acid on the release of alpha-MSH from the rat hypothalamus.

2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate↗
PubMed1994

Coping styles, opioid blockade, and cardiovascular response to stress.

We investigated the hypothesis that the effects of Monitoring and Blunting coping styles are mediated in part by endogenous opioids. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were measured in 39 males before, during, and after a mental arithmetic stressor. Each subject experienced the protocol once under opioid blockade (naltrexone) and once in a placebo condition, in counterbalanced order. Monitoring and Blunting were assessed using the Miller Behavioral Style Scale. High Blunting and high Monitoring were both associated with poorer MAP recovery under opioid blockade than in the placebo condition. Similar effects were noted for Blunting on the measure of HR. These results indicate that the coping styles of Monitoring and Blunting may be associated with enhanced opioid mediation of cardiovascular recovery from stress.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1994

An unusual reaction to opioid blockade with naltrexone in a case of post-traumatic stress disorder.

An unusual behavioral and cardiovascular reaction was observed during opioid blockade with naltrexone in a 32-year-old male who met DSM III-R criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). As part of an ongoing placebo-controlled investigation of the effects of naltrexone on laboratory and ambulatory blood pressure reactivity, this participant reported experiencing feelings of rage, explosive behavior, and other unpleasant symptoms. When compared to all other subjects (N = 24), this individual showed significantly greater effects of naltrexone on blood pressure reactivity during the laboratory stressor. His ambulatory blood pressures, when compared to placebo, were significantly increased during the 24-hr period following naltrexone. The unusual behavioral and cardiovascular responses following ingestion of naltrexone suggest an important role for endogenous opioids in adjustment to stress in this case of PTSD.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Continuous split course irradiation for stage I and II Hodgkin's disease: 20 year experience at the Medical College of Wisconsin.

Between January 1970 and December 1989, 153 consecutive patients with stage I or II Hodgkin's disease were treated at the Medical College of Wisconsin Affiliated Hospitals. Eighty-eight patients were clinically staged and 65 patients underwent staging laparotomy. Ninety-nine patients were treated using continuous split course irradiation (CSCI) technique. Overall survival (OS) at 5, 10, and 15 years was 89%, 79%, and 68%, respectively. Disease-free survival (DFS) at 5, 10, and 15 years was 75%, 72%, and 68%, respectively. No significant differences were found in OS or DFS when comparing pathologically and clinically staged patients or when comparing patients treated using CSCI with those treated with the standard technique. Patients treated using CSCI tended to complete therapy in a shorter time, without increased morbidity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Prostate cancer: are racial differences in clinical stage and survival explained by differences in symptoms?

PURPOSE: To better understand racial differences in data for patients referred for definitive treatment of biopsy-proved adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two groups of patients were defined for further analysis. Group 1 comprised all patients who received definitive external beam irradiation of prostatic carcinoma; group 2 comprised all patients with prostatic carcinoma referred between January 1988 and December 1992 for examination at the first clinical indication of adenocarcinoma of the prostate. All patients were evaluated for age, race (black vs white), differentiation of tumor, date of diagnosis, and clinical stage. RESULTS: In group 1, black patients were significantly younger and presented with disease at higher clinical stage but equivalent grade and survival compared with white patients. In group 2, black patients were significantly younger and had similar differentiation of tumor but with significantly higher clinical stage compared with white patients and more often had obstructive symptoms and less often had been screened for elevated prostate-specific antigen levels. CONCLUSION: Black patients should undergo earlier screening for prostate cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

External quality assessment of techniques for the detection of drugs of abuse in urine.

Five chromatographic and six immunoassay techniques were compared using data reported by 131 participants in the UK National External Quality Assessment Scheme for Drugs of Abuse in Urine. Twenty five samples were studied containing none or one of three concentrations of amphetamine, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, benzoylecgonine, methadone and morphine. Technique sensitivity and specificity achieved with realistic clinical samples of 25 mL vol were assessed as the percentage of true positive and true negative tests, respectively. Thin-layer chromatography was inadequate for the detection of several analytes, the sensitivity for 0.5 mg/L of benzoylecgonine being < 30%, and for 1.5 mg/L of amphetamine < 86%. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry was significantly less sensitive than other techniques for the detection of 0.5 mg/L of benzoylecgonine (71%) and 1.5 mg/L of morphine (88%). High-performance liquid chromatography was the most sensitive for amphetamine. Immunoassays performed well when operating above their specified cut-off concentrations but, because they are directed to quinalbarbitone showed reduced cross-reactivity with amylobarbitone, the barbiturate more commonly prescribed in the UK.

Chromatography↗
PubMed1994

Personality and family-environment predictors of self-reported eating attitudes and behaviors.

We assessed the contributions of personality and family environment to variations in self-reported eating attitudes and behaviors. Female college undergraduates (N = 137) completed the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI; Costa & McCrae, 1985), Family Environment Scale (Moos & Moos, 1986), Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI; Garner & Olmsted, 1984), and revised Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26; Garner, Olmsted, Bohr, & Garfinkel, 1982). Correlation and multiple regression analyses showed that among the personality variables, NEO-PI Neuroticism and Extraversion made the largest unique contributions to the EDI subscales and EAT-26. The family-environment measures made significant contributions to those, EDI subscales that are reflective of broader emotional and interpersonal problems, rather than eating disorders per se. Suppression effects were found for NEO-PI Extraversion and Neuroticism, underscoring the need for researchers to assess comprehensive sets of etiologic factors--and associations among them--to properly interpret complex predictor/criterion relationships.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Comparing matching ability, spatial memory, and ideational fluency in boys and girls.

The purpose of our study was to examine whether girls and boys show patterns of problem-solving ability similar to those attributed by Kimura in 1992 to women and men, respectively. Subjects were 28 girls and 24 boys, aged 5-11 years, who were tested individually on matching ability, spatial memory, and ideational fluency, tasks on which women reportedly outperform men. No significant gender differences in these problem-solving abilities were found. On ideational fluency, the youngest girls were seven times more likely than young boys to give whimsical responses, but older girls were then times less likely than older boys to give whimsical responses. These results suggest that the patterns of visuospatial problem-solving abilities that Kimura ascribed to women and men are not present in preadolescent girls and boys.

Aptitude↗
PubMed1994

PSA screening.

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Adenocarcinoma↗