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Biomedical subjects

J F Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to J F Wilson.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1968

Elastofibroma.

Three cases of elastofibroma are described and the literature is reviewed. It is suggested that they are non-neoplastic lesions resulting from trauma. Their staining reactions and the response of the elastic type fibres to enzyme digestion suggest that these fibres are either true elastin or very closely related to it.

Aged↗
PubMed1965

Studies on a cytoplasmic character in Neurospora crassa.

Two morphologically distinctive slow growing strains of Neurospora crassa have been isolated and studied. These, abn-1 and abn-2, differ from wild type in that their growth rates are greatly reduced and often irregular, aerial hyphae are absent, conidia are extremely rare, and no protoperithecia are formed. Growth was not improved by addition of any nutrients tested, oxygen consumption was similar to that of wild type, and cytochrome c appeared abnormally high, and b low or absent. Both abn strains gave rise only to normal progeny in crosses with normal strains. The abn characteristics appear in heterocaryons, and have been transmitted to other genetic strains by means of heterocaryosis followed by plating of conidia. Conidia formed by such heterocaryons typically showed low viability, and gave rise to cultures with great variability in growth rate, morphology, and survival. Even apparently normal derived cultures often later became abnormal or died. It is concluded that the abnormal characteristics are determined primarily by cytoplasmic factors. This conclusion was strengthened by the transmission of the typical characteristics to normal strains by microinjection of cytoplasm from abn cultures, even without demonstrable transfer of nuclei. This constitutes the first time microinjection techniques have been successfully applied to the analysis of a cytoplasmic character in Neurospora.

Culture Media↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Brachytherapy and breast cancer.

Brachytherapy has been an important component of radiation therapy for breast cancer. It played a historical role in the development of breast-conserving techniques for early-stage breast cancer. The primary use for brachytherapy in this setting has been to deliver a localized boost dose of radiation to the lumpectomy bed after whole breast radiation therapy. In recent years, there has been less utilization of brachytherapy as a boost technique. This is predominantly related to wider availability of electrons for delivering a boost dose. Another significant factor for the decline is the controversy of whether routine boosting of the tumor bed is necessary for all early-stage breast cancer patients after conservative surgery and whole breast radiation therapy. Despite this, brachytherapy is still the preferred boost technique in certain subsets of patients. Newer applications of brachytherapy for the treatment of breast cancer have emerged and have shown promise. For early-stage breast cancer, these include brachytherapy as the sole radiation modality after lumpectomy and in combination with local excision as an alternative to mastectomy for treatment of local recurrences after conservative surgery and radiation therapy. In selected locally advanced cases of breast cancer, brachytherapy has been used as part of a technique that attempts breast conservation. At this time, these newer uses of brachytherapy for the treatment of breast cancer remain investigational.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Concomitant adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy for high risk breast cancer patients.

Thirty four patients treated with mastectomy and axillary node dissection for potentially curable breast cancer received a seven month combined adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy program. These patients were considered to be at high risk for recurrence because they had either three or more positive axillary lymph nodes or their primary tumor was greater than 5 cm in diameter. The chemotherapy given at 3-week intervals consisted of cyclophosphamide, 600 mg/m2, Adriamycin 40 mg/m2, and methotrexate 40 mg/m2 during cycles 1 through 3 and 7 through 9. Radiation therapy was administered during cycles 4 through 6 with concomitant administration of 5-fluorouracil 600 mg/m2, vincristine 1.4 mg/m2, and prednisone 40 mg/m2 for 7 days. Median follow up time from initiation of study is 60 months (range 36-93). Seventeen of 34 patients (50%) remain free of recurrent breast cancer. Distant metastases and local-regional recurrence have occurred in 16 (47%) and 4 (12%) patients, respectively. Significant myelosuppression and infections requiring hospitalization were seen in 4 patients, with 1 treatment-related death. Adriamycin-containing chemotherapy and post-operative radiotherapy can thus be combined in an adjuvant treatment program with acceptable toxicity.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of water exposure after tympanostomy tube insertion.

INTRODUCTION: Unprotected water exposure as a cause of otorrhea in patients with tympanostomy tubes remains controversial. Although most otolaryngologists continue to recommend either the avoidance of swimming or the use of water precautions during swimming, evidence indicates that the infection rate may not be affected by this practice. This study prospectively evaluates the possible role of unprotected water exposure in the occurrence of post-tympanostomy-tube otorrhea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred twelve consecutive patients undergoing tympanostomy tube placement were randomized into swimming and nonswimming groups. No special precautions (eg, ear plugs, canal occlusion, antibiotic drugs) were used in either group. This incidence of otorrhea was then compared between these groups. RESULTS: One-year follow-up was obtained in 107 patients. There was no significant difference in the incidence of otorrhea or the number of otorrhea episodes between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Swimming is not contraindicated in patients with tympanostomy tubes, and water precautions do not decrease the incidence of otorrhea.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Absorption of alpha-MSH from subcutaneous and intraperitoneal sites in the rat.

Pentobarbitone anesthetized rats were injected with 30 nmol (50 micrograms) alpha-MSH administered intraperitoneally (IP) and subcutaneously (SC) in an acid-saline vehicle, or SC in a zinc phosphate vehicle. Concentrations of alpha-MSH in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. The pharmacokinetic parameters for the three modes of administration were determined by fitting a one-compartment open model to the plasma level data. The t1/2 for absorption using the saline vehicle was 7.3 and 5.6 min from the IP and SC sites, respectively. The t1/2 for absorption from the zinc phosphate complex of 17.7 min was significantly longer. Five percent of the IP dose was absorbed into the systemic circulation giving a peak plasma level of 14.1 nmol/l. The absorption of 2-3 percent was significantly lower following SC administration; peak plasma levels were 8.3 and 4.8 nmol/l for the saline and zinc phosphate vehicles, respectively. The low percentage absorption values indicated a high degree of metabolism of the peptide by peripheral tissues on its passage from the injection sites into the circulation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quantification of the permeability of the blood-CSF barrier to alpha-MSH in the rat.

The ability of alpha-MSH to cross the blood-CSF barrier of the rat was assessed by measurement of the rate of appearance of immunoreactive alpha-MSH in a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) perfusate following intravenous injection of peptide. Comparisons were made with the rate of appearance of a simultaneously administered dose of 14C-inulin which is poorly permeable at the blood-CSF barrier. Concentrations of drugs measured in plasma were fitted to two-compartment pharmacokinetic models, and those measured in the CSF perfusate to one-compartment open systems receiving an input from the plasma compartment. The rate constant for entry of alpha-MSH into CSF was 0.00087 min-1, which was not significantly different from that for inulin of 0.00055 min-1. As alpha-MSH penetrated into CSF at a rate comparable to inulin, it was concluded that the limited entry of peptide was by aqueous diffusion along with other water-soluble macromolecules.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lunch eating behavior of preschool children. Effects of age, gender, and type of beverage served.

To examine the eating behavior of preschool children offered chocolate-flavored or plain milk at lunch, food consumption by 135 children, aged 18-66 months, was measured. Four different menus were served six times during a 12-week period, each menu being presented twice with each of three test beverages, plain milk (18.1 kcal/oz), sucrose-sweetened chocolate milk (29.4 kcal/oz), or aspartame-sweetened chocolate milk (18.6 kcal/oz). The type of milk beverage served had no significant effect on the consumption of other food items offered at that meal. Subjects did drink significantly more chocolate milk than plain milk during all meals and consequently consumed significantly more energy during those meals in which sucrose-sweetened chocolate milk was served. A macronutrient analysis of lunch-time food intake for each menu revealed significant differences in protein, fat, and carbohydrate content among the four menus. Older children consumed significantly more milk and more energy per lunch-time meal than did younger preschoolers, but no other consistent age-related differences were observed. No significant gender differences were detected in any of the statistical analyses conducted. These findings suggest that young children do not reduce the intake of other food items at a meal to compensate for the increased energy intake that results from excessive sucrose-sweetened milk consumption. Aspartame-sweetened milk increases milk intake in small children without providing them with the additional calories of sucrose-sweetened milk.

Aging↗