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Biomedical subjects

J F Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to J F Wilson.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the endometrium: results of irradiation with and without subsequent hysterectomy.

From 1965 through 1977, 54 patients with locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the endometrium were treated at the Medical College of Wisconsin Affiliated Hospitals. According to the FIGO-AJC staging system, 39 had Stage II and 15 Stage III disease. Stage II was subdivided into II A-microscopic (28 patients) and II B-clinical (11 patients) involvement of the cervix. Patterns of failure were evaluated, viz. central pelvic, lateral pelvic, and distant. The results confirm an association of increasing grade with increasing stage. Disease-free survival rates at five years are better for Stage II (78%) than Stage III (34%), but are no different for Stages II A (77%) and II B (81%). Pattern of failure and disease-free survival data support the combined irradiation-surgical approach over irradiation alone. Central pelvic failures are reduced by subsequent hysterectomy (6% vs. 20%). Lateral pelvic failures are less frequent when the dose of external pelvic irradiation is 5000+ rads/5-6 weeks compared to less than 5000 rads (4% vs. 20%). In Stage II (corpus et collum) the prognosis is better with preoperative irradiation and abdominal hysterectomy than with irradiation alone (89% vs. 63%). Whenever possible, patients with Stage III disease should be offered irradiation and hysterectomy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

A new therapy schedule for pediatric non-Hodgkin lymphoma toxicity with preliminary results.

A pilot study of the toxicity and efficacy of a new treatment schedule for childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was conducted by members of the Children's Cancer Study Group (CCSG) prior to its use in a randomized phase III trial. Chemotherapeutic agents used were cyclophosphamide (CPM), vincristine (VCR), and prednisone, together with intravenous (IV) and intrathecal methotrexate (IT MTS). Radiation therapy was also employed. From September 1976 to April 1977, 27 eligible, newly diagnosed patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were entered onto this pilot study. Toxicity was acceptable with minor adjustments in dosage and timing of the myelosuppressive agents. Fourteen of the 22 patients entered onto maintenance remain entirely disease-free, and all have completed the prescribed course of chemotherapy. None of the 12 patients characterized as having a "favorable" prognosis has relapsed, with a median follow-up of 27 months from on study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Plasma concentrations of alpha-melanotropin in the rat during the acquisition and extinction of conditioned avoidance behaviour and during the acquisition of maze learning behaviour.

Concentrations of immunoassayable alpha-melanotropin in plasma were increased above control levels during the acquisition of conditioned avoidance behaviour but not during the extinction of this behaviour. There were no significant variations in levels of alpha-melanotropin in plasma during the acquisition of reward motivated maze learning behaviour. Throughout the latter test hormone concentrations were increased above normal levels. Non-specific stress was thought to be an important factor in the production of increases in concentrations of alpha-melanotropin in plasma. Acute physical stress, such as that caused by the electric foot shock of the avoidance studies, produced the greatest increases, while the smaller increase noted during maze learning was attributed to the stress of the chronic food deprivation schedule used in this test. The data did not support a role for systemic melanotropin in the processes of learning and memory as there were no consistent correlations between levels of alpha-melanotropin in plasma and the parameters of learning in the tests. Although a role for stress-induced alpha-melanotropin release from the pituitary gland in the enhancement of attention was thought possible, actions of exogenous melanotropins on behaviour could be due to effects on melanotropin-containing systems present within the central nervous system.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Changes in attitudes toward the elderly one year after a seminar on aging and health.

A seminar on aging and health was developed for first-year medical students. Students' attitudes toward the elderly were assessed before and one year after the seminar. Students who elected the seminar were initially less favorable toward the elderly than were their classmates. One year after the seminar the same students held significantly more favorable and more complex attitudes toward the elderly than did their classmates. Attitudes of students who had not selected a seminar on aging showed no differences when measured one year later. Factors considered important in changing attitudes toward the elderly were factual information, personal contact with sick and well elderly, personal contact with role models for clinical geriatrics, and student case presentation of elderly patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Levels of alpha-melanotrophin in the plasma and pituitary glands of fetal and juvenile rats, and in the plasma of adult female rats during pregnancy and lactation.

alpha-Melanotrophin was detected by radioimmunoassay in the pituitary glands of fetal rats from day 17 of gestation. The pituitary content of alpha-melanotrophin increased regularly, at a gradually decreasing rate, throughout gestation and in the postnatal period. Concentrations of alpha-melanotrophin in the plasma of fetal and newborn rats were below the detection limit of the radioimmunoassay (10 pmol/l). Detectable concentrations were first found in young rats on day 3 after birth and did not differ significantly from those in their mothers throughout the period of suckling. Plasma concentrations of alpha-melanotrophin were raised in pregnant rats during the last 4 days of gestation and after parturition. They returned to basal levels in the 2 weeks after delivery. After weaning at 3 weeks of age, a large increase in the plasma concentration of alpha-melanotrophin was detected in juvenile rats. Plasma levels had returned to the normal adult range by 6 weeks of age. The increases in alpha-melanotrophin in the blood were thought to be the result of non-specific stress effects. The data did not provide evidence for a role of alpha-melanotrophin in reproductive processes in the rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Release, distribution and half-life of alpha-melanotrophin in the rat.

Concentrations of alpha-melanotrophin in the plasma of anaesthetized rats were measured by radioimmunoassay at intervals of 2-10 min. Although significant increases of three to ten times in the concentration of alpha-melanotrophin occurred over periods of 15-35 min, levels of hormone could also be stable for periods of greater than 1 h. The data did not indicate separate secretory episodes but rather a continuous release of alpha-melanotrophin by the pituitary gland. A very rapid pulsatile secretion operating over periods of less than 5 min cannot be excluded. Intravenous injection of synthetic alpha-melanotrophin was followed by a biexponential decline in levels of hormone in plasma indicating a rapid distribution to the extracellular fluid and a slower elimination by metabolism. The apparent volume of distribution of alpha-melanotrophin was 210 ml/kg, the half-life for elimination 7.1 min and the estimated clearance 1.55 nmol/day per kg.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Alveolar hydatid disease. A review of clinical features of 33 indigenous cases of Echinococcus multilocularis infection in Alaskan Eskimos.

The clinical features of 33 cases of alveolar hydatid disease (AHD) in Alaskan Eskimos and a review of the surgical experience with this disease are presented. Among untreated patients, progression of the disease to a fatal outcome was observed in 70%. The primary hepatic lesion resembles cancer, and errors in diagnosis by both the surgeon and pathologist are common. Although surgical resection of the entire primary hepatic lesion offers the only proven curative treatment, only 26% of those explored were resectable. All seven patients resected for cure are alive 6-27 years post-operatively (average survival, 14.7 years). A 5-year experience with continuous mebendazole therapy in the management of five nonresectable cases of AHD indicates that a favorable effect of this drug is being observed. It now appears that Echinococcus infections are no longer the sole province of the surgeon. Although the role of medical therapy is not yet clearly defined, it must be considered in the management of all cases of AHD. The first reported locally-acquired case of AHD in the conterminous United States, and the widespread occurrence and expanding range of E. multilocularis in the north-central United States and south-central Canada, point to the increasing public health importance of alveolar hydatid disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The effects of platinum complexes on seven enzymes.

The effects of K2PtCl4, cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl2, and trans-Pt(NH3)2Cl2 on the activities of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, dihydrofolate reductase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase, catalase, tyrosinase, and peroxidase have been investigated. All of the enzymes which are thought to have essential sulfhydryl groups (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, aldolase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) were significantly inhibited by K2PtCl4. The other four enzymes studied are not known to have essential sulfhydryl groups, and were not significantly affected by the Pt compounds under the conditions employed. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was the only enzyme inhibited by all three Pt compounds tested, with K2PtCl4 being the most effective and cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl2 the least effective inhibitor. Semilogarithmic plots of residual activity versus inhibition time indicated that the inhibition reactions were not simple first-order processes, except for the inhibition of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase by K2PtCl4 which appeared to be first-order with respect to enzyme concentration.

Catalase↗
PubMed1979

Cyclical changes in concentrations of alpha-melanotrophin in the plasma of male and female rats.

Radioimmunoassay measurements of alpha-melanotrophin in plasma have identified a diurnal rhythm in male rats. Animals maintained on a 12 h light : 12 h darkness photoperiod had raised levels of plasma alpha-melanotrophin during the dark phase. Time-series analysis gave a fitted mean level of alpha-melanotrophin of 52.4 pmol/l, an amplitude of 12.1 pmol/l and peak levels 2.2 h before dawn. Measurements throughout the oestrous cycle in female rats showed that similar variations between the dark and light phases occurred on the 2 days of dioestrus. The raised levels during the dark period were, however, absent on the nights of pro-oestrus and oestrus. During this pro-oestrous/oestrous period, plasma alpha-melanotrophin levels were below average but higher than the normal minimum levels found during the light period.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Interaction of thoracic irradiation and chemotherapy on local control and survival in small cell carcinoma of the lung.

The records of all patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung seen in the Division of Therapeutic Radiology at The Medical College of Wisconsin from 1971 through 1977 were reviewed. Of 69 patients (34 with limited disease and 35 with extensive disease), 35 received irradiation only, nine received local plus total-body irradiation, and 25 received irradiation plus chemotherapy. In spite of the prompt response of the tumor, 16 of 35 patients who were only irradiated failed locally. Two patients who received local plus total-body irradiation failed in the chest. Only four of 25 irradiation plus chemotherapy patients failed locally in spite of much lower doses of thoracic irradiation. Limited-disease patients who had local control by irradiation had a slight increase (29 vs 22 weeks) in median survival. Patients receiving irradiation plus chemotherapy (three with limited and 22 with extensive disease) survived for a median of 56 weeks if the local tumor was controlled and for a median of 28 weeks if there was local failure. Regardless of therapy, survival beyond the median is greatly influenced by local tumor control.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Postoperative radiation therapy for "early" carcinoma of the breast.

Two hundred and twenty-five cases of "early" carcinoma of the breast, showing no evidence of axillary lymph node metastasis, are presented. One hundred and thirty-six of these patients were treated by radical mastectomy only, and 89 received postoperative radiation therapy to the ipsilateral internal mammary and supraclavicular regions. The routine use of postoperative radiation therapy of all patients in this group is not warranted. Patients with inner quadrant and central or subareolar primary lesions benefit from postoperative radiation therapy with a 10 to 21% increase in the disease-free survival at ten years. Deep-seated tumors, irrespective of size and location, should also be considered for postoperative radiation therapy to the regional lymphatic chain and the ipsilateral chest wall.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1978

Dose-time relationships and the local control of small cell carcinoma of the lung.

Since 1971, 66 patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung--32 with limited and 34 with disseminated disease--have received irradiation to the primary tumor. There were 20 local failures, 90% of which were apparent within 30 weeks of the start of irradiation. Patients were treated with local irradiation only (32), irradiation plus combination chemotherapy (25), or local plus total body irradiation (9). With local irradiation alone, tumor control increased with increasing biologic dose. When chemotherapy or total body irradiation was added, doses of irradiation that were otherwise insufficient for local control proved to be effective.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

A clinical trial of mebendazole in the treatment of alveolar hydatid disease.

In July 1974, mebendazole was reported to be effective against the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus in experimentally infected mice. A clinical trial of mebendazole was initiated in December 1974 in 4 patients with far advanced, nonresectable lesions caused by Echinococcus multilocularis. A daily dose of 40 mg of the drug per kg of body weight was administered to the 4 patients for more than 3 years. No evidence of toxicity or adverse reactions has been observed. Detectable plasma mebendazole concentrations were achieved with high-dose mebendazole therapy. Serum concentrations of IgE increased and decreased early in therapy. There was no evidence that the larval cestode was killed. The metastatic lesions appeared to be stabilized or diminished, and over-all clinical results were encouraging. Progressively enlarging thoracic metastases in 2 patients regressed during therapy, and symptomatic improvement was observed in all 4 patients. Mebendazole, a highly effective antihelmintic in enteric infections, is poorly absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract. Resulting low serum concentrations limit treatment of the massive, scirrhous lesions characteristic of E. multilocularis infections. Nevertheless, encouraging clinical responses observed with mebendazole therapy suggest that a more soluble form of this or a related drug might prove highly effective in the medical management of hydatid disease in humans.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1978

Plane penetration of uterine muscle by intrauterine shields.

A finite element approach is used to predict stress and deformation states of uterine muscle tissue under plane strain indentation by a flexible shield. Realistic, one-dimensional "punch" elements at the shield edges assure that muscle shear stresses remain bounded within experimentally measured values. For typical tissue, bearing pressure, deformation flow fields and edge slip stresses leading to tissue damage are calculated. Penetration depth to shield width ratios are up to 3.0. A piecewise linear, elastic approximation to the highly variable, nonlinear mechanical behavior of the tissue is used. Results are applied to the prediction of possible tissue damage by a flexible shield intrauterine contraceptive device, in place and in equilibrium with typical multiparous uteri.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗