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Biomedical subjects

J F Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to J F Wilson.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Oesophageal cancer among Alaskan natives, 1955-1981.

Forty-two patients with oesophageal cancer were identified among Alaskan Natives from 1955 through 1981. Based on rates for US whites, there were 1.3 and 3.8 times the number of Native men and women diagnosed with oesophageal cancer as expected. Forty of the patients were Eskimo or Aleut, resulting in an incidence for Eskimo-Aleuts of 10.9 for males and 8.3 for females per 100 000 adjusted to the world standard population. The distribution of cancer patients by residence at diagnosis showed marked regional clustering, which has been observed among oesophageal cancer patients in several other areas of the world.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The tremorolytic action of beta-adrenoceptor blockers in essential, physiological and isoprenaline-induced tremor is mediated by beta-adrenoceptors located in a deep peripheral compartment.

The effects of intravenous propranolol 100 micrograms kg-1, sotalol 500 micrograms kg-1, timolol 7.8 micrograms kg-1, atenolol 125 micrograms kg-1 and placebo on essential, physiological and isoprenaline-induced tremor were studied. These beta-adrenoceptor blocker doses produced equal reduction of standing-induced tachycardia in essential tremor patients. Atenolol produced significantly less reduction of essential and isoprenaline-induced tremor than the non-selective drugs, confirming the importance of beta 2-adrenoceptor blockade in these effects. Propranolol and sotalol produced equal maximal inhibition of isoprenaline-induced tremor but propranolol was significantly more effective in reducing essential tremor. The rate of development of the tremorolytic effect was similar in essential, physiological and isoprenaline-induced tremors but all tremor responses developed significantly more slowly than the heart rate responses. It is proposed that these results indicate that the tremorolytic activity of beta-adrenoceptor blockers in essential, physiological and isoprenaline-induced tremor is exerted via the same beta 2-adrenoceptors located in a deep peripheral compartment which is thought to be in the muscle spindles.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1985

Differential effects of alpha-adrenoceptor blockade on essential, physiological and isoprenaline-induced tremor: evidence for a central origin of essential tremor.

Intravenous thymoxamine reduced the power of essential tremor but increased that of physiological and isoprenaline-induced tremor. These findings indicate that essential and physiological tremor have dissimilar pathophysiological mechanisms. They also suggest that central adrenergic mechanisms are involved in the pathophysiology of essential tremor and that isoprenaline-induced tremor is not a good model of essential tremor. Furthermore, alpha-adrenoceptor blockers may be a useful therapy for essential tremor.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia: results of radiation therapy.

Four cases of cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia (CLH) were treated with radiation therapy. Sixteen separate areas of the skin were irradiated. Only two received more than 18 Gy (1,800 rad). Follow-up ranged from eight months to seven years. No infield recurrences were observed, and cosmetic results were excellent. The authors suggest that radiation therapy can be highly effective in the treatment of CLH.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Primary pulmonary hypertension in childhood: a report of two brothers.

We report 2 cases of primary pulmonary hypertension in brothers, 6 and 3 years old. Their lungs contained numerous plexiform vascular lesions. The literature is reviewed involving familial cases, especially those in which siblings were affected. Several of these cases lack the pathological verification necessary for acceptance as examples of plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy.

Cardiomegaly↗
PubMed1984

Analysis of assay errors in drug measurements from the Heathcontrol interlaboratory quality assessment schemes.

Measurements of drug concentrations from the Heathcontrol quality assessment schemes were analysed to detect the presence of intralaboratory, interlaboratory, or intermethod errors. We developed weighted least-squares regression procedures as significance tests for evaluating intralaboratory noise, curvature vs linearity, proportional errors and additive errors. The latter intercept test for additive errors was unsatisfactory and an effective alternative based on the difference between measurements and estimates of the true drug concentrations was developed. Significance of residuals was tested against the population noise, which was defined by smooth mathematical functions fitted to the standard deviation (SD) data for the drug samples. We evaluated these tests for 1,647 sets of data. Only small amounts of curvature were present, validating the linear-regression approach. Both random and proportional errors were demonstrated. The most frequent errors were additive in nature, components of which were demonstrated to be the result of intermethod differences.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMed1984

Studies on the pathology of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of childhood. I. The role of routine histopathology as a prognostic factor. A report from the Children's Cancer Study Group.

Between April 1977, and August 1980, the Children's Cancer Study Group (CCSG) conducted a clinical trial of childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), randomizing 256 patients to one of two treatment regimens. A 4-drug regimen (regimen 1, modified cyclophosphamide, Oncorin [vincristine], methotrexate, prednisone [COMP] ) was compared with a 10-drug regimen (regimen 2, modified LSA2-L2). Using the Rappaport classification, the review pathologist diagnosed the 213 evaluable tissue specimens as follows: lymphoblastic (LC), 73; Burkitt's tumor (BT), 40; "undifferentiated" non-Burkitt's type (NB), 67; large cell or "histiocytic" lymphoma (HI), 29; and other types (OT), 4. Concurrence in classification between the review and institutional pathologists was poor when using the above four categories; however, concurrence was 88% between the review pathologist and other hematopathologists, and 99% when classifying the specimens as lymphoblastic or nonlymphoblastic. For patients with nonlocalized disease, this randomized controlled study demonstrated a new important correlation of histopathology with the effectiveness of treatment. When analyzed without stratification into lymphoblastic and nonlymphoblastic types, the two regimens showed identical relapse free survival (RFS) curves for patients with nonlocalized involvement. However, when patients were stratified according to histologic classification, regimen 2 was superior to regimen 1 for patients with lymphoblastic lymphoma, achieving 74% RFS at 30 months compared to 31% for regimen 1 (P = 0.001). Conversely, those with nonlymphoblastic types (BT, NB, HI) treated with regimen 1 had a 58% RFS at 30 months compared to 32% for those treated on regimen 2 (P = 0.01). This study demonstrates that proper, routine histopathologic classification of NHL is the best criterion for choice of therapy in children with nonlocalized involvement. As a result of this study, all patients with nonlocalized disease, diagnosed after August 1980, were no longer randomized but were assigned to the appropriate treatment regimen based on prospective review of histopathology.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1984

Improved medical care for the elderly: intervening in medical education.

It is the premise of this paper that certain instructional interventions in the medical school behavioral science curriculum will eventually improve the health care received by elderly patients. Four content areas for such intervention are reviewed: patient adherence to medication regimens, risk and management of psychosocial stress, responses to chronic illness, and doctor-patient communication patterns. The final section describes research that supports the long-term efficacy of such curricular interventions.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Changes in pituitary and plasma levels of MSH in teleosts during physiological colour change.

Immunoreactive alpha MSH was measured in the plasma of eels, trout, and flounder, following different periods of adaptation to illuminated white or black backgrounds. In both eels and trout, plasma hormone titres changed rapidly in response to the background colour. By contrast, in the flounder, whose pituitary melanotrophs appeared cytologically unresponsive to background change, plasma hormone levels remained similar for fish from black or white tanks following a 3-week adaptation period, but a difference became apparent after nearly 7 weeks adaptation. Similarly, bioactive and immunoreactive levels of MSH in trout pituitary glands usually showed significant changes with black ground colour, whereas flounder pituitary levels were unaltered. It is concluded that MSH is involved in physiological colour change in eels and trout, but probably not in flounders.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1984

Single and double plane implants: a comparison of the Manchester System with the Paris System.

A comparison between the Manchester System and the Paris System of interstitial dosimetry has been made in the case of single and double plane implants. The rules of both systems are reviewed. A brief description of the Paris System is presented in an appendix. Dose distributions for two different examples are presented in two orthogonal planes. The Paris System uses considerably fewer sources than the Manchester System. It results in a larger volume of high dose than the Manchester System. The use of Iridium-192 sources strength and source length can be adjusted represents a significant advantage. The Paris System attempts to adapt the implant configuration to the clinical situation as the target thickness is used to define the source separation and the target length is used to define the source length. The differences in the dose definition are discussed.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed1984

Influence of preoperative irradiation on failures of endometrial carcinoma with high risk of lymph node metastasis.

From 1965-1980, 80 patients with adenocarcinoma of the endometrium, FIGO-AJC Stage I, Grade 3 and Stage II received preoperative radiation therapy. Thirty-three patients had Stage I, Grade 3 and 47 had Stage II. All patients were treated with preoperative radiation therapy (intracavitary application, external pelvic irradiation or both) followed by total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. They were followed from 3-18 years (median, 6.2 years) after the completion of treatment and none was lost to follow-up. Overall 5-year actuarial disease-free survival was 75%. Preoperative external whole pelvic plus intracavitary irradiation gave the best 5-year survival of 83%; there were no failures after 20 months. In comparison to this group, survival for the intracavitary alone group was 64% at 5 years and 54% at 8 years. The 5-year survival of Stage II was 81% compared to 66% of the Stage I, Grade 3 group. Prognostic variables were analyzed and showed that the residual tumor in the specimen at the time of surgery after the preoperative irradiation was significantly correlated to a worse prognosis: patients who were found to have no residual tumor had a 5-year survival rate of 96% compared to 65% of those who were found to have residual tumor (p less than 0.01). Age, stage, methods of preoperative irradiation, dose of external pelvic irradiation or intracavitary application were not statistically significant prognostic factors. The grade of the tumor was suggestive as a prognostic variable. The most common failure site was the para-aortic lymph nodes independent of treatment methods and stage. Four patients developed complications possibly related to the radiation therapy. Our study suggests that preoperative external and intracavitary irradiation reduces the frequency of residual microscopic carcinoma and improves survival for patients with Stage I, Grade 3 and Stage II carcinoma of the endometrium.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Accuracy and precision of gas-liquid chromatographic, high-pressure liquid chromatographic, and enzyme immunoassay techniques for the measurement of theophylline concentrations in serum: a comparison based on external quality assurance measurements.

The accuracy and precision of gas-liquid chromatography with and without derivatization (GLC + D, GLC-ND), high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), and enzyme multiplied immunoassay (EMIT) for the measurement of serum levels of theophylline were compared below, within, and above the therapeutic range (55-110 mumol/L) using data from 63 samples from the Heathcontrol quality assurance scheme. Within the therapeutic range, the methods did not differ in either precision or accuracy. Coefficients of variation (CV) of measurements were between 12 and 16%, and measurements did not differ from spiked values. Below the therapeutic range, the methods differed significantly. The GLC methods had the lowest precision (CV 23-25%), while the CV for HPLC was 19% and for EMIT 14%. GLC + D and HPLC also overestimated drug level by 11 and 8%, respectively. Above the therapeutic range, the precision of the methods did not differ (CV 10-13%), although both EMIT and HPLC underestimated theophylline level by 5-6%. In a comparison of individual laboratories based on a ranking of overall precision, laboratories employing GLC commonly exhibited less precise rank positions than laboratories using EMIT. Laboratories making HPLC measurements showed a bimodal distribution but no methodological differences were identified to explain this difference in precision.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1984

A comparative study of the relative enzyme inducing properties of anticonvulsant drugs in epileptic patients.

The antipyrine clearance and the urinary excretion of D-glucaric acid (D-GA) were determined in 122 patients receiving chronic anticonvulsant drug treatment and in 21 drug-free control subjects. Patients treated with carbamazepine (CBZ), phenytoin (DPH), primidone (PMD) and phenobarbitone (PB), either alone or in combination, showed higher values of antipyrine clearance and excreted larger amounts of D-GA as compared to controls. While antipyrine clearance values did not differ significantly from one drug group to another, D-GA excretion was significantly higher in patients treated with CBZ than in those treated with DPH. In patients treated with sodium valproate antipyrine clearance did not differ from control values. There was a trend for D-GA excretion to be higher in these patients but the difference was not statistically significant. Significant positive correlations were found between the dosage of CBZ, DPH, PMD and PB and both indices of enzyme induction. These data demonstrate a dose-dependent degree of enzyme induction in patients receiving therapeutic doses of these anticonvulsants. The relative potency at average dose levels for antipyrine clearance was PB (1), DPH (0.92), CBZ (0.84), PMD (0.82) and for log D-GA excretion was PB (1), CBZ (0.96), PMD (0.95), DPH (0.90).

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMed1983

Childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The results of a randomized therapeutic trial comparing a 4-drug regimen (COMP) with a 10-drug regimen (LSA2-L2).

Members of the Childrens Cancer Study Group treated 234 eligible patients in a randomized trial designed to study the relative effectiveness of two therapy programs for the treatment of childhood and adolescent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Two chemotherapeutic strategies were compared: a 4-drug regimen (COMP) and a 10-drug regimen (modified LSA2-L2). Failure-free survival for all patients was 60 per cent at 24 months. In patients with disseminated disease treatment success was influenced by both the histologic subtype of disease and the therapeutic regimen followed. The 10-drug program was more effective than the 4-drug program in patients with disseminated lymphoblastic disease (two-year failure-free survival rate, 76 vs. 26 per cent, respectively; P = 0.0002), whereas the 4-drug program was more effective than the 10-drug program in those with nonlymphoblastic disease (57 vs. 28 per cent, respectively, P = 0.008). The less toxic, more easily administered 4-drug regimen was as effective as the 10-drug regimen in patients with localized disease (89 vs. 84 per cent, respectively).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in children.

Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLS) in children can conveniently be divided into four major types: lymphoblastic lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, non-Burkitt's lymphoma, and large-cell lymphoma. This article reviews the clinical and histopathologic features of the different types. Recent studies have demonstrated that accurate diagnosis and histopathologic classification of NHL in children provide the optimal basis for selection of therapy.

Adolescent↗