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Biomedical subjects

J F Williams

Publications and source records attributed to J F Williams.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

A training program for elementary school teachers. Optometrist-teacher communications.

Communication between optometrists and teachers is critical to optometric involvement in interdisciplinary team approaches to learning disabilities. The classroom teacher may be a prime source of referrals to the general optometrist as well as the vision development specialist. Optometry's contribution to classroom learning cannot be fully realized without sound optometrist-teacher communication. The basic design of a training program to enhance optometrist-teacher communications is presented in this paper. The individual optometrist may modify and supplement the program to suit the special needs of the teachers involved.

Child↗
PubMed1975

An epizootic of cerebral nematodiasis in rabbits due to Ascaris columnarus.

An epizootic of cerebral nematodiasis due to ascaris columnaris occurred in a commercial rabbitry, and 80 diseased rabbits died or were killed. The morbidity was high in groups of recently purchased rabbits and in the offspring of 12 breeder rabbits. The breeder rabbits which had been on the farm for more than a yr survived the outbreaks. Wild animals and birds had access to the facilities, but raccoons and skunks were never observed. A columnaris larvae were found on histopathologic examination. and live larvae were recovered from brains of 2 diseased rabbits.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Prediction of the strength of the neck of femur from its radiological appearance.

In this study 39 male and female cadaveric femoral necks of ages between 21 and 89 years have been radiographed and subsequently mechanically tested to determine failure load. A structural model has been developed, in an attempt to predict the failure load of specimens solely from measurements made from an anteroposterior radiograph of the neck region. Good correlation was obtained between the predicted and experimental values for the range tested. The influence of average bone porosity is discussed. It is believed that this method, with modifications will provide a basis for the quantitative assessment of femoral neck strength in the clinical situation.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

The immunological response of the rat to infection with taeniaeformis. IV. Immunoglobulins involved in passive transfer of resistance from mother to offspring.

Weanling rats born of mothers infected with Taenia taeniaeformis were found to be passively protected against homologous challenge. Cross-fostering of normal suckling rats onto immune mothers established that passive transfer occurred via the colostrum and milk. Immunoglobulin fractions containing gammaA from immune colostrum were fed to 12-14-day-old rats for 4 days via stomach tube. Significant passive protection against challenge with T. taeniaeformis was achieved with gammaA from one of three colostrum pools. The effect of colostral gammaA preparations on the infectivity of freshly hatched oncopheres of T. taeniaeformis was measured by the intra-intestinal inoculation of immunoglobulin solutions into isolated gut loops containing hatched eggs of the parasite. gammaA from one of three pools of immune colostrum caused a significant reduction in the number of parasites which reached the liver. This appears to be the first time that protective activity against a helminth infection has been achieved with gammaA. A fraction of immune colostrum containing both 7Sgamma1 and 7Sgamma2 immunoglobulins was found to confer passive protection when inoculated parenterally. In view of the prolonged period of absorption (ca 18 days) of 7S immunoglobulins from the gut by the suckling rat, it seems likely that these antibodies are primarily responsible for the natural passive transfer of protection from mother to young.

Aging↗
PubMed1975

The immunological response of the rat to infection with Taenia taeniaeformis. V. Sequence of appearance of protective immunoglobulins and the mechanism of action of 7Sgamma2a antibodies.

Passive transfer of immunity to Taenia taeniaeformis was achieved with serum taken 14, 21, 49 and 63 days after infection. The protective capacity of serum collected at 14 and 21 days resided in the 7Sgamma2 immunoglobulins and appeared to be partics the infection progressed the range of chromatographic fractions showing protective capacity was extended to all those containing 7Sgamma2 and 7Sgamma1 immunoglobulins. Fractions enriched for gammaM did not confer protection. Immune serum containing 7Sgamma2a antibodies was able to kill developing parasites after they had left the intestine, and the hepatic postoncospheral forms retained their susceptibility to antibody over the first 5 days of growth. After that time they rapidly became insusceptible to antibody both in vivo and in vitro. Susceptibility to antibody-mediated attack was complement dependent. This appears to be the first time that complement has been demonstrated to play a role in immunity to a helminth infection in vivo. This finding is discussed in relation to the phenomenon of cestode parasite survival in immune animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Immunoglobulins associated with passive transfer of resistance to Taenia taeniaeformis in the mouse.

Mice were found to be protected against Taenia taeniaforMis infection by passive transfer of serum collected from donors 28 days after infection. The protective activity resided exclusively in the first fraction of 7S immunoglobulins eluting from DEAE-cellulose at pH 5.8 with 0.05 M phosphate buffer. This fraction contained 7Sgamma1 and 7Sgamma2 immunoglobulins but no detectable gammaA, gammaM or skin sensitizing activity. Fractions containing 7Sgamma 2 alone were ineffective in passive transfer.

Animals↗
PubMed1974

Normal contractile state of hypertrophied myocardium after pulmonary artery constriction in the cat.

The contractile function of right ventricular papillary muscles from normal cats and cats in which the pulmonary artery had been constricted for 6 or 24 wk was examined. Acute pulmonary artery constriction reduced cross-sectional area by an average of 70%, resulting in a 30% mortality from congestive heart failure, all such deaths occurring within the first 3 wk after banding. The increase in right ventricular mass in animals surviving for 6 or 24 wk was similar, averaging 70%. No banded animals had evidence of congestive heart failure at the time of sacrifice, and cardiac output and right atrial pressures were similar to those in control animals.6 wk after banding, the active length-tension curve, maximal rate of rise of isometric force, force-velocity relations, and isometric force with paired stimulation and norepinephrine were all significantly depressed when compared to their respective values in control animals. In contrast, none of these variables was significantly different from control values in animals banded for 24 wk. These observations indicate that depressed contractile state is not a fundamental characteristic of pressure-induced hypertrophied myocardium and reemphasize the important temporal relationship between contractile state and the imposition of sudden sustained loads.

Animals↗