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Biomedical subjects

J F Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to J F Taylor.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Clinical evaluation and comparison of the Infrasonde, Arteriosonde, and mercury sphygmomanometer in measurement of blood pressure in children.

Both systolic and diastolic pressures can be measured in children with the mercury sphygmomanometer, the Arteriosonde and the Infrasonde. Estimates made blindly with these instruments were compared with directly measured intra-arterial blood pressures in 50 children aged between 4 days and 14 years. Systolic and diastolic estimates with the three techniques showed highly significant correlations with simultaneous intra-arterial measurements (P less than 0.001). The Infrasonde diastolic estimates were least satisfactory and the slope of the regression line against the intra-arterial pressure differed significantly from unity (y=0.54x+29.53). In 11 small children a satisfactory diastolic estimate could not be obtained with the mercury sphygmomanometer. While the mercury sphygmomanometer should remain the standard hospital equipment, an Arteriosonde would be valuable if it is difficult to hear Korotkoff's sounds on auscultation and if a diastolic pressure is required. For research investigations into childhood blood pressure an Arteriosonde or mercury sphygmomanometer, coupled with a device to exclude observer bias, is probably most suitable. Although the Infrasonde is not sufficiently accurate for research purposes, it is acceptable for routine ward use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Surgical treatment of ventricular septal defect in infancy. Primary repair versus banding of pulmonary artery and later repair.

Results of primary closure of ventricular septal defects are compared with those of two-stage repair, with banding of the pulmonary artery followed by debanding and closure. Apart from the high incidence of unsatisfactory results after banding and a significant morbidity with the two-stage approach, the mortality for primary repair (2.4%) is considerably lower than that achieved with the staged repair (19.3%). Primary repair of ventricular septal defect is advocated for infants resistant to maximal medical treatment. A more flexible policy is adopted for patients with multiple ventricular septal defects and those with associated anomalies.

Child↗
PubMed1979

Angiocardiographic appearances of atrioventricular defects with particular reference to distinction of ostium primum atrial septal defect from common atrioventricular orifice.

Preoperative distinction between common atrioventricular orifice and ostium primum atrial septal defect may be difficult. To improve diagnostic accuracy, the right and left ventricle angiocardiograms were reviewed 'blind' in 92 patients with atrioventricular defects. The true diagnosis was known from necropsy or surgery in 60. Angiocardiograms had been obtained in various projections with or without craniocaudal tilt. Those features thought to distinguish between common orifice and ostium primum were coded, together with the ventricular systolic pressures. Computerised disciminant function analysis identified the following distinguishing features: (1) right ventricular systolic pressure; (2) immediate right ventricular outflow tract opacification from the left ventricle; (3) identification of the anterior attachment of the mitral component; (4) recognition of a single straddling atrioventricular orifice; (5) passage of contrast medium above or below the anterior or posterior bridging leaflets. Feature (3) indicates that in contrast to classic teaching the direct septal attachment of the mitral component does not contribute to the 'gooseneck' in complete atrioventricular defects. The significance of (4) and (5) is that they may be identified from right as well as left ventriculography, and are more likely to be identified in oblique than standard projections. Computerisation produced a correct diagnosis in 92 per cent of known cases, and determined precise probabilities of diagnosis in the remainder.

Angiocardiography↗
PubMed1979

Surgical technique to reduce the risks of heart block following closure of ventricular septal defect in atrioventricular discordance.

Traumatic heart block remains a major concern after ventricular septal defect (VSD) closure in patients with atrioventricular discordance. A technique of closing the VSD, placing the suture line on the morphologically right side of the septum without opening the systemic ventricle, is described. This was used in 13 consecutive patients. The VSD was closed through the right atrium in eight patients, the left ventricle in three patients, the right atrium and the left ventricle in one patient, and through the right ventricle in one patient with atrioventricular disordance and ventriculo-arterial concordance. All patients were in sinus rhythm preoperatively, two exhibited atrioventricular dissociation before intracardiac manipulation began, and 11 patients were in sinus rhythm postoperatively. No major arrhythmia could be attributed to the closure of the VSD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The role of periosteal tension in the growth of long bones.

Vertical or circumferential periosteal incisions were made over one tibia of anaesthetized rats, supplemented by localized periosteal stripping in two of the experimental groups. The rats were killed 5 weeks later and tibial lengths measured. Circumferential periosteal division plus periosteal elevation produced the greatest ipsilateral increase in tibial length. In this group of rats the alignment of cortical blood vessels provided evidence that sliding of the periosteum and a release of periosteal tension are associated with the gain in length. However, anisomelia, though not seen following vertical periosteal division alone, did occur after vertical division and periosteal stripping. This supports suggestions that both growth plate decompression and vascular phenomena influence skeltal growth rates after trauma.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Influence of mouse age and erythrocyte age on glutathione metabolism.

In order to determine whether the biological age of a mouse influences erythrocyte metabolism and erythrocyte aging in vivo, blood samples were collected from male C57/BL6J mice of different biological ages ranging from mature (10 months) to "very old" (37 months). In the very old mouse, compared with the mature mouse, the erythrocyte survival time was decreased, erythrocyte densities were increased, the concentrations of total free thiol and reduced glutathione, and glutathione reductase activity were decreased. Erythrocytes were separated into different density (age) groups by phthalate ester two-phase centrifugation or by albumin density-gradient centrifugation. The density-age relationship of erythrocytes was established by pulse-labelling with 59Fe in vivo and by subsequent determinations of specific radioactivity of erythrocyte fractions of different densities prepared during a chase period of 60 days. The age of erythrocytes in mice of all ages was directly related to density. Also, in older erythrocytes compared with younger erythrocytes, decreased concentrations of total free thiol and reduced glutathione, and decreased glutathione reductase activity were observed. These were the lowest in the old erythrocytes of very old mice. These results in aging erythrocytes from aging mice suggest that the glutathione status the erythrocyte may be an index of aging, not only of the cell but also of the organism.

Aging↗
PubMed1978

The epidemiology of tropical myositis in the Mengo Districts of Uganda.

In the five-year period 1964-68 1,335 patients were admitted to Mulago Hospital, Kampala, with tropical myositis. The marked increase in the number of admissions during the study period is attributed to a change in the utilization of the hospital rather than to a true increase in the incidence of the disease. There was found to be only slight variation in incidence between different age and sex groups and there was no convincing evidence that immigrants from high altitude areas, where the disease is rare, were at different risk. There was statistically significant month-to-month variation in admission rates but there was no apparent correlation with rainfall, and no marked seasonal variation. During the quinquennium there was a changing pattern of admission rates for patients from different counties, and some evidence of 'space-time' clustering. These findings are compatible with the primary muscle damage being induced by a virus or the presence of aberrant hookworm larvae, but an ingested toxin cannot be excluded. Trauma may also play a role in determining localization of the disease in some cases.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

A guideline to the management of patent ductus arteriosus in infants and children.

Experience with multiple ligation of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) at the Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London, is presented. One hundred and sixty-one consecutive cases between January 1971 and December 1974 have been reviewed. Fifty-four children (33%) were less than one year of age. In the majority of cases the diagnosis was made on clinical grounds. Cardiac catheterization and angiography were carried out when associated intracardiac lesions were suspected. The overall mortality was 2.5%. All the deaths occurred in infants less than six months of age who had associated cardiac lesions. There were no deaths in patients who had an uncomplicated PDA or who were more than one year of age. Multiple ligation of the PDA is a simple and safe operation. The risk of operative treatment is affected more by the presence of associated cardiac lesions and the age of the patient than by the surgical technique employed.

Cardiac Catheterization↗
PubMed1978

Treatment of patients with transposition of great arteries and pulmonary vascular obstructive disease.

Twenty-two patients with transposition of the great arteries with or without ventricular septal defect and one with double outlet right ventricle, d-malposition, and severe pulmonary vascular obstructive disease were treated surgically. All were cyanosed and had very limited exercise tolerance. Preoperatively, systemic arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) varied from 45 to 79% (mean 65), haemoglobin was 13 to 23 g/dl (mean 19). Pulmonary arteriolar resistance was 6.4 to 35 units m2 (mean 17). In the patients with a ventricular septal defect the Mustard operation was done without closure of the ventricular septal defect, and in the 3 patients with intact ventricular septum the Mustard operation was combined with creation of a ventricular septal defect. All patients survived the operation and improved. Postoperative SaO2 ranged from 75 to 96% (mean 89) and haemoglobin from 10.6 to 17.8 g/dl (mean 14.0). This improvement was significant (P less than 0.05). Five patients have had a postoperative cardiac catheterisation. The pulmonary arteriolar resistance remains high in all. Postoperative follow-up varies from 4 to 40 months (mean 14 months). So far there have been no late deaths and all patients remain improved.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Perthes' disease of the hip in three regions of England.

Throughout 1976 orthopaedic surgeons in three regions of England forwarded details of all new patients with Perthes' disease attending outpatient clinics or admitted as inpatients. The incidence in the Mersey region (11.1 per 100 000 children under fifteen years) was twice that in Wessex (5.5) with Trent having an intermediate incidence (7.6). The ratio of male to female incidence varied between the regions as did the age distribution of male cases. These findings point to the importance of environmental factors in the aetiology of the disease, and suggest the need for further epidemiological studies.

Adolescent↗