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Biomedical subjects

J F Smith

Publications and source records attributed to J F Smith.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Prognostic value of carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with breast cancer.

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were followed in 18 patients with a history of breast cancer to determine the prognostic value of serial determinations in predicting either the development of clinically evident metastatic disease or the progression of previously stable metastatic disease. In patients with local disease, values were in the normal range initially and tended to remain so for the duration of the study, correlating with clinical quiescence. Patients with nodal or extranodal involvement tended to have higher values, but changes could not be consistently correlated with clinical deterioration. Exceptions to these general trends were found in each group. This study suggests that the assay of CEA is of limited predictive value in an individual patient with a history of breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Envelopments of Sindbis virus: synthesis and organization of proteins in cells infected with wild type and maturation-defective mutants.

The synthesis and organization of Sindbis virus structural proteins was investigated in BHK cells infected with wild-type virus (SVHR) or temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants defective in maturation. Cells infected with ts-23 or ts-20 (complementation groups D and E) were similar in the polypeptides synthesized at the nonpermissive temperature and differed from SVHR-infected cells in that the envelope protein E2 was not cleaved from the PE2 precursor. Data from experiments utilizing pulse-chase procedures or protein synthesis inhibitors indicated that although infectious virions were released from cells infected with these mutants in shift-down experiments, the particles were produced almost exclusively from proteins synthesized after the return to permissive temperature. This suggests that a stable complex may be formed among the structural proteins before budding. A membrane fraction isolated from cells infected with either ts mutants or SVHR contained the PE2, E1, and C polypeptides, whereas E2 was restricted to fractions obtained from SVHR-infected cells. Although equivalent amounts of virus-specific protein were synthesized in cells infected with either mutant and the cells contained qualitatively the same proteins in the isolated membranes, cells infected with ts-23 did not have virus-specific proteins exposed on their surface that could be detected by ferritin-conjugated antibody-labeling procedures or lactoperoxidase-mediated iodination. In contrast, ts-20-infected cells had significant amounts of viral protein, mainly E1, that could be detected on the plasma membrane by either procedure. Iodine was incorporated into E1 and E2 on the surface of SVHR-infected cells in the same relative amounts as seen in iodinated virions. PE2, however, although present in membranes, could not be iodinated on the surface of infected cells under any of the conditions used in this study. We also monitored the relative efficiency with which these viral proteins could be removed from intact cells by dilute solutions of nonionic detergents. The results indicated that E2 was most efficiently removed, followed by E1. PE2 (the precursor to E2) and C remained associated with the cell and could be subsequently isolated in the membrane fraction.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1977

Renal necrosis.

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Analgesics↗
PubMed1976

Jugular levels of 13, 14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F and progesterone around luteolysis and early pregnancy in the ewe.

Six non-pregnant ewes at day 12 of the estrous cycle each had a day-12 embryo transferred into the uterine horn ipsilateral to the corpus luteum, and 4 non-pregnant ewes at day 13 each had a day-13 embryo similarly transferred. Four control ewes, 2 at day 12 and 2 at day 13 received sheep serum into the uterine horn ipsilateral to the corpus luteum. Jugular blood samples were taken at 2-hourly intervals for 3 days post-surgery, then twice-daily for a further 4 days, and the plasma radioimmunoassayed for progesterone and 13, 14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F. All control ewes exhibited estrus within the expected time range and pulsatile peaks of 13, 14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F occurred coincident with declining progesterone levels. With one exception, the recipient owes had prolonged cycles and those ewes found pregnant at necropsy, 30 days after transfer, showed no progesterone decline and no pulsatile peaks of prostaglandin during days 12 to 16 after estrus. These observations suggest that the presence of the embryo at a critical stage after mating suppresses the release of uterine prostaglandin F2alpha.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Snuff-dippers lesion. A ten-year follow-up.

A population of over 15,000 snuff users and tobacco chewers were observe for cytological, histological, and clinical evaluation. The original observation was for 5 1/2 years. The same group was observed for an additional 4 1/2 years, bringing the total time to ten years. Of the original group of 1,751 patients showing mucosal change, i was able to follow up 1,550. No patient developed carcinoma or serious mucosal changes. From this ten-year study we concluded that snuff, per se, or chewing do not act as carcinogens.

Acanthosis Nigricans↗
PubMed1975

The development of the human type II pneumocyte.

Portions of lung from 25 human foetuses between 12 and 26 wk of gestational age were examined for ultrastructural changes during maturation of the epithelial cells. In 10 cases type I pneumocytes and in five cases type II cells were differentiated. The changes associated with the formation of lamellar inclusion bodies in type II cells are described. It is concluded that this is a synthetic process in which protein and lipid assembly are important. Changes in glycogen and participation of dense bodies are striking.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1975

Multiple cystic and focal encephalomalacia in infancy and childhood with brain stem damage.

Two cases are described in which damage to the brain stem was associated with extensive necrosis of the cerebral hemisphere. In the first case--a monochorionic twin--there was clear evidence that injury of an ischaemic or hypoxic type had occurred during fetal life and some evidence that an inadequate share of the placental circulation was an important aetiological factor. In the second case death occurred 4 yr after an asphyxial episode at birth. The lesions in the hemispheres and brain stem were extensive, although less than in the first example. The lesions are discussed in the context of our knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the developing nervous system. Although they cannot as yet be fitted into the concepts of "critical periods" and "vulnerable periods" of development, this is perhaps because observations on human cases are scanty in comparison with the extensive animal studies which have been reported. The lesions are contrasted and compared with those seen in animals.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1975

Radioimmunoassay of estradiol-17beta in bovine peripheral plasma with and without chromatography.

An assay of estradiol-17beta (E217beta) in bovine peripheral plasma is described. The plasma is incubated with an antiserum to E217beta-BSA and the gamma-globulin fraction precipitated with ammonium sulphate. After extraction with diethyl ether E217beta in the precipitate is estimated by radioimmunoassay using a specific antiserum against E217beta-6-BSA. Plasma concentrations of E217beta during the normal estrous cycle determined by this method and by a method involving Sephadex LH-20 chromatography range from 4 to 23 pg/ml.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Hormonal changes around bovine luteolysis.

Plasma concentrations of estradiol-17beta, progesterone, LH and 13, 14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2alpha were determined by radioimmunoassay on 2-hourly samples obtained around luteolysis and estrus in three dairy cows. The decline in progesterone occurred before the preestrous rise in estrogen and no pre-estrous peak of progesterone could be detected. The major activity of prostaglandin coincided, with declining progesterone levels and the active stage of estrogen secretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Morphology of BHK-21 Cells Infected with Sindbis Virus Temperature-Sensitive Mutants in Complementation Groups D and E.

BHK-21 cells infected with temperature-sensitive mutants of Sindbis virus in complementation groups D and E differed in their appearance under nonpermissive conditions. Cells infected at nonpermissive temperature with virus defective in complementation group E had nucleocapsids attached in large numbers to the inside surface of the host plasma membrane. Infection with a group D mutant produced nucleocapsids that did not attach to the plasma membrane but rather remained free in the cell cytoplasm.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1975

Morphogenesis of Sindbis virus in cultured Aedes albopictus cells.

Cultured mosquito cells were found to produce Sindbis virus nearly as efficiently as BHK-21 cells at 28 C. In virtually all of the cells observed in the electron microscope, virus morphogenesis was found to occur within complex vesicular structures which developed after viral infection. Viral nucleocapsids were first seen in these vesicles and appeared to be enveloped within these structures. The process of envelopment within these inclusions differed in some respects from the process previously described for the envelopment of nucleocapsids at the plasma membrane of vertebrae cells. Free nucleocapsids were only rarely seen in the cytoplasm of infected mosquito cells, and budding of virus from the cell surface was detected so infrequently that this process of virus production could not account for the amount of virus produced by the infected cells. The vast majority of extracellular virus was produced by the fusion of the virus-containing vesicles with the plasma membrane releasing mature virions and membrane nucleocapsid complexes in various stages of development.

Aedes↗
PubMed1975

Renal dysplasia in nephrectomy specimens from adolescents and adults.

In a review of 156 total or partial nephrectomy specimens from patients over the age of 12 years, renal dysplasia was found 14 times. The cases were divided initially into five groups on the basis of the predominant pathological changes, namely (1) dysplasia (14 cases), (2) chronic pyelonephritis (31 cases), (3) calculous inflammation (58 cases), (4) hydronephrosis (35 cases), and (5) miscellaneous (18 cases). The diagnosis of dysplasia was made on gross and microscopic criteria and included 12 of segmental dysplasia, one of total dysplasia, and one multicystic dysplastic kidney. The principal differential diagnosis is from the irregularly scarred chronic pyelonephritic kidney. The criteria for the separation of the two are emphasized and, in particular, the distinction from those pyelonephritic kidneys with aglomerular scars. A high incidence of anomalies of drainage was found in association with dysplasia, but such were not always present. It was not thought that intrarenal reflux in infancy was an aetiological factor. Six of the cases presented with urinary infection, but only two had hypertension. It was thought that acquired glomerular damage was more important in the aetiology of hypertension than segmental glomerular agenesis.

Adolescent↗