Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J F Rogers

Publications and source records attributed to J F Rogers.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Codeine disposition in smokers and nonsmokers.

The bioavailability of codeine and extent of its transformation to morphine were stated in 12 smoking and 11 nonsmoking subjects after single doses 60 mg IM codeine and 60 mg codeine sulfate orally, given 1 wk apart. Codeine and morphine plasma concentrations over the 12-hr period after drug were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). No differences were found between smokers and nonsmokers with respect to maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of codeine, time to attain this concentration (tmax), codeine plasma half-life (t1/2), or areas under plasma concentration-time curves (AUC) for codeine or morphine. There was a faster, but clinically unimportant, mean apparent plasma clearance in smokers (52.8 +/- 2.3 (SEM) ml/min/70 kg) than in nonsmokers (45.0 +/- 2.1 ml/min/70 kg) after intramuscular injection only. Mean oral codeine bioavailability in smokers (54.8 +/- 4.9%) and in nonsmokers (50.2 +/- 2.1%) did not offer. Plasma morphine AUC values were higher after oral doses than after intramuscular injections, suggesting a first-pass O-demethylation of codeine. For six of these subjects plasma morphine AUC values were very low after both routes of administration, suggesting less O-demethylation of codeine in these than in the remaining 17 subjects. The observation of higher morphine AUC values after oral codeine, coupled with clinical reports of greater analgesic potency with intramuscular codeine, does not support the hypothesis that the analgesic properties of this drug are mediated entirely by biotransformation to morphine.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

An evaluation of the effects of smoking on codeine pharmacokinetics and bioavailability in normal human volunteers.

Cigarette smoking has been shown to increase the clearance of several drugs, including pentazocine, theophylline, and phenacetin. This effect presumably is mediated through enzyme induction, resulting from inhaled polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Because the O-demethylation pathway for codeine is similar to that of other drugs known to be influenced by cigarette smoking, a study was conducted to compare the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of codeine in smokers and nonsmokers. Twelve volunteers with no history of cigarette smoking and ten volunteers who smoke cigarettes were studied; an open, two-treatment, simultaneous parallel and crossover study design was used. Each volunteer received a single dose of codeine sulfate 60 mg po and codeine phosphate 60 mg im, in random treatment order, at one-week intervals. Serial blood samples were collected up to 12 hours after dosing, and plasma codeine and morphine concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. There was no significant difference between smokers and nonsmokers in either codeine or morphine areas under the plasma concentration-time curves (AUCs), with either route of administration. The relative codeine bioavailability in these groups was 54.8 +/- 4.9 percent and 50.2 +/- 2.1 percent (mean +/- SE), respectively. Smoking was associated with greater variability in plasma concentrations. Interestingly, greater morphine:codeine AUC ratios were observed in both groups after oral than after intramuscular administration. Cigarette smoking should have no clinically important influence on codeine absorption or disposition.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Use of high doses of deferoxamine (Desferal) in an adult patient with acute iron overdosage.

Deferoxamine, a specific chelator of ferric iron, has recognized efficacy in the treatment of acute iron overdosage. Toxicological references, however, vary in the preferred route of administration and recommended maximum dosage. A 19-year-old female patient ingested an estimated 50-60 ferrous sulfate tablets, representing approximately 9.8-11.7 g of elemental iron. At the time of admission, she had a serum iron level of 915 micrograms/dL and a total iron binding capacity of 515 micrograms/dL. She was treated with intravenous deferoxamine at 15 mg/kg/h via continuous infusion for a total dose of 37.1 g over a 52-h period until her urine exhibited no evidence of deferoxamine-iron chelation products for 24 consecutive hours. This paper supports the safety and efficacy of a slow IV infusion of deferoxamine in an adult patient, using a regimen recommended for pediatric patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Wolman's disease: report of a case, with multiple studies.

We studied a case of Wolman's disease that is apparently the first to be reported in a black infant. Culture of the skin fibroblasts showed massive accumulation of neutral lipids, accompanied by decreased esterolytic activity as measured by fluorometric assay. Electrophoresis showed decreased activity of an esterase allotype, with low electrophoretic mobility.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1979

Intestinal dilatation associated with phenothiazine therapy: a case report and literature review.

The authors describe a fatal episode of intestinal dilatation associated with chlorpromazine therapy. A total of 26 similar cases associated with phenothiazine or tricyclic antidepressant therapy, including 9 fatalities, has been reported in the literature. The authors cite experimental evidence supporting this association. They emphasize the difficulty of recognizing this syndrome in the psychotic patient; careful evaluation is indicated in the constipated patient who exhibits vomiting, abdominal pain, distension, or tenderness.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Lidocaine prophylaxis in acute myocardial infarction.

Primary ventricular fibrillation (PVF) occurs in approximately 3--10% of uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. The major reason for this variability in incidence appears to be population diferences in the time from symptom onset to admission. Other risk factors have not been consistently shown to influence the risk of PVF. Warning arrhythmias do not warn of impending PVF in from 20--80% of AMI patients; thus, antiarrhythmic therapy reserved for those with warning arrhythmias may fail to prevent PVF in a significant number of patients. Although a review of 13 controlled trials of lidocaine prophylaxis shows only two suggesting a protective effect from this drug, only one study was free of major defects in trial design. This trial showed a striking decrease in PVF incidence when lidocaine was employed. Lidocaine should probably be administered to all uncomplicated AMI patients during the first 48 hours after infarction. Its utility in preventing ventricular fibrillation in complicated AMI patients and in the very early AMI period is unclear.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Nephrotoxicity induced by gentamicin and amikacin.

We evaluated 124 patients for nephrotoxicity associated with gentamicin or amikacin therapy. The incidence of definite nephrotoxicity was 10.5% during therapy, with a mean increase in creatinine of 1.0 mg/100 ml (range, 0.5-3.6 mg/100 ml). Nephrotoxicity developed late in therapy (mean, day 10) and the creatinine continued to increase after cessation of therapy for as long as nine days. Age, initial creatinine, total dose and initial "peak" and "valley" levels did not correlate with nephrotoxicity. Nephrotoxicity developed in 8 of 97 patients treated for less than or equal to 11 days and 5 of 19 treated for greater than 11 days (chi square, p less than .01). "Peak" and "valley" levels rose significantly (t-test, p less than .05) during therapy and increased more in those with nephrotoxicity. A "peak" level of amikacin of greater than or equal to 38.5 micrometer/ml or of gentamicin of greater than or equal to 10 micrometer/ml or a rise in the "valley" levels of amikacin above 10 micrometer/ml was also associated with nephrotoxicity (chi square, p less than .025). These data help define the natural history and the host and drug factors that affect the development of gentamicin- and amikacin-induced nephrotoxicity.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Controlled comparison of amikacin and gentamicin.

Amikacin or gentamicin was used to treat 174 patients with suspected severe gram-negative infections in a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial. Enteric gram-negative bacilli were pathogenic in 71 cases (39 treated with amikacin, and 32 with gentamicin). Amikacin was effective in 10 to 12 bacteremias, 21 of 24 urinary-tract infections, two of five pneumonias and four of six other serious tissue infections. The toal favorable response rate was 77 per cent for amikacin and 78 per cent for gentamicin. Nephrotoxicity and auditory toxicity could be evaluated in 124 and 67 cases respectively. Definite nephrotoxicity developed in five of 62 (8 per cent) receiving amikacin and seven of 62 (11 per cent) given gentamicin, and possible nephrotoxicity developed in four patients in both groups. Definite ototoxicity developed in four patients in both groups. Definite otoxicity developed in two of 34 (6 per cent) and three of 30 (10 per cent) respectively. These differences were not statistically significant (by chisquare analysis, P greater than 0.05). The results indicate that amikacin is effective against severe gram-negative infections and is not more and not less ototoxic or nephrotoxic than gentamicin.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Gonadoblastoma: clinicopathologic correlation in six patients.

Six patients with a total of nine gonadoblastomas are presented; three--and possibly a fourth--had dysgerminomatous overgrowth which was massive in two patients. Calcification detected by abdominal films was present in three sufficient for preoperative diagnosis. All patients were found to have a Y stem line on peripheral leukocyte chromosome cultures except one patient, who had a 46 XX/45 XO karyotype. She was found to have Y chromatin bodies in the germ cells of her tumor which was in a normal ovary found at exploration for an ectopic pregnancy. Three were found in virilized phenotypic females investigated for amenorrhea, and two for therapy of pelvic masses due to dysgerminomatous overgrowth. Y chromatin studies are reported on gonadal tissue.

Dysgerminoma↗
PubMed1976

Concentrations of gentamicin and amikacin in human kidneys.

High kidney concentrations of gentamicin or amikacin, measured by an enzymological assay, were found in 9 of 10 patients who died during therapy with these aminoglycosides. Renal cortical concentrations of gentamicin ranged from 140 to 540 mug/g of tissue, with medullary levels of 128 to 230 mug/g. Concentrations of amikacin ranged from 365 to 1,030 mug/g in the cortex and from 270 to 718 mug/g in the medulla. The only patient with low kidney concentrations was an infant who received a single dose of gentamicin. Tissue levels were high in patients with both normal and abnormal renal function. Our results indicate that gentamicin and amikacin are concentrated in renal cortical and medullary tissue.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Tay-Sachs disease: a pilot screening program for the detection of the heterozygote in the Charleston Jewish community.

A pilot screening program for the detection of the carrier (heterozygote) of the Tay-Sachs disease (TSD) gene has recently been completed at the Medical University of South Carolina. A fluorometric assay for serum hexosaminidase A and B was performed on the serum of 181 individuals from the Charleston Jewish community. One hundred seventy-six of these individuals were classified as normal based on the percent hexosaminidase A (Hex A) in their serum; five persons were classified as carriers of the Tay-Sachs gene, including a young married couple who were later referred for genetic counseling.

Gene Frequency↗
PubMed1975

Intake of selected nutrients compared with socioeconomic status in young women.

In this survey the aim was to investigate the relationship between the socioeconomic status of young women of child bearing age and their daily intake of calcium and other selected nutrients. Although no significant relationship was found there were other findings of nutritional interest. Further support is given to the theory that young women are a vulnerable group with respect to nutrition.

Adolescent↗