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Biomedical subjects

J F Price

Publications and source records attributed to J F Price.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Effect of budesonide on pulmonary hyperinflation in young asthmatic children.

In 19 asthmatic children, aged 2-6 years, the effect of six weeks' treatment with inhaled budesonide or placebo on functional residual capacity (FRC--helium dilution) and bronchodilator responsiveness was assessed in a double blind, randomised crossover trial. FRC was increased in most children at the start of treatment. Treatment with budesonide was associated with a reduction in FRC by comparison with placebo (median change 9% v 0%; p less than 0.05). There was a trend towards a greater response to a bronchodilator after budesonide. The results suggest that inhaled corticosteroids reduce hyperinflation in young asthmatic children.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1987

Transcutaneous oxygen measurement in paediatric respiratory disease.

We have measured simultaneous arterial (Pao2) and transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcPo2) in 13 children, aged 8 months to 10 years, with respiratory disease. A Radiometer TCM2 transcutaneous oxygen monitor was used. At an electrode temperature of 44 degrees C the regression equation was tcPo2 = 0.9 Pao2 -10 and at 44.5 degrees C tcPo2 = 0.9 Pao2 -8. The 95% confidence limits were +/- 13 torr at both temperatures. We also studied the usefulness of the method in monitoring trends in oxygenation in individual patients. In six children paired observations were made on five or more occasions and in these tcPo2 followed changes in Pao2 accurately. We conclude that this technique is not sufficiently reliable for predicting arterial values, but in individual patients it accurately reflects trends in oxygenation.

Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous↗
PubMed1987

Long-term, placebo-controlled trial of ketotifen in the management of preschool children with asthma.

Forty-seven children with chronic asthma, aged 2 to 6 years, completed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of ketotifen, 1 mg twice daily, in the prophylaxis of asthma. The study period covered two 24-week periods preceded by a 4-week run-in and separated by a 4-week washout. When symptoms, concomitant medication, frequency of acute exacerbations, and parental and physician preferences were analyzed, there were no significant differences between active and placebo treatments. The results suggest that ketotifen has no place in the management of young children with frequent asthma.

Asthma↗
PubMed1987

Abnormalities of lung mechanics in young asthmatic children.

Measurements of total compliance of the respiratory system by the weighted spirometer technique and of the functional residual capacity by helium gas dilution were attempted in 86 asthmatic children aged 2.2-7.9 years. In all but six of the 86 children reliable measurements could be obtained. Significantly raised functional residual capacity was detected in children with asthma of all degrees of severity. The compliance of the respiratory system was significantly abnormal (reduced) only in children who had symptoms at the time of measurement or who had chronic persistent asthma. The results indicate that these measurements are well tolerated in young asthmatic children. Further work needs to be undertaken to assess the value of this technique in following the response to treatment.

Asthma↗
PubMed1987

Modified extraction 2-thiobarbituric acid method for measuring lipid oxidation in poultry.

A simple and accurate objective test for monitoring lipid oxidation in poultry products is needed. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values of cooked poultry meat were determined by a distillation method and by a modified extraction method. Perchloric acid was used in the extraction method to release TBA reactive substances from the meat. The maximum absorption wavelength of the TBA-malonaldehyde complex was 531 nm. The TBA values for cooked chicken and turkey were highly correlated (r = .91) for both the extraction and distillation methods. Sensory scores of warmed-over flavor in precooked poultry were highly correlated with TBA values in both the distillation (r = .83) and extraction (r = .85) methods. Results indicate that the extraction method is faster, easier to perform, and as accurate as the distillation method for monitoring lipid oxidation in poultry.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Clinical and immunological characteristics of pre-school asthma.

Ninety-two children, sixty-two boys and thirty girls, aged 18 months to 6 years with frequent asthma were studied. Nine were born prematurely and two were ventilated in the neonatal period; two had been admitted to hospital with acute bronchiolitis. Most had an early onset of symptoms, forty-two developing asthma in infancy. Although overall growth was normal, 63% had some chest deformity. Half had past or present eczema and just over half had chronic rhinitis. Upper respiratory infection appeared to be an important precipitant of attacks in all, and 88% had exercise-induced asthma. The majority were atopic, 74% had elevated serum IgE levels, skin-prick tests were positive in 61 of 77 tested and half had eosinophilia. However, allergic factors were clearly identified as causing asthma attacks in only 24%. Immunoglobulin deficiencies were found in thirteen and defective yeast opsonization in eighteen; these children showed no other obvious differences from the remainder. Eighty-two children were followed up and after 1 year fifty-one were receiving inhaled steroids. Measurement of serum immunoglobulin, eosinophil count and skin-prick testing had little influence on management.

Asthma↗
PubMed1986

Response to bronchodilators assessed by lung mechanics.

Abnormalities of compliance and functional residual capacity were shown in eight young children aged 2-8 years with asthma during an acute attack. In a randomised, placebo controlled study treatment with bronchodilator (salbutamol) was associated with a significant improvement in compliance and lessening of hyperinflation as shown by a reduction in functional residual capacity.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Ribavirin aerosol for acute bronchiolitis.

A randomised double blind placebo controlled trial of treatment with an aerosolised antiviral agent, ribavirin, was conducted in 26 infants with clinically diagnosed bronchiolitis. Nebulised ribavirin (14 infants) or normal saline aerosol (12 infants) was given for 18 hours a day for at least three days. Respiratory syncytial virus was identified in nasal secretions from 20 cases (10 from both groups). Trends in seven out of eight clinical variables favoured active treatment. Ribavirin aerosol was associated with significantly faster improvement in cough and crepitations and more rapid rate of fall in respiratory and heart rates. In the 20 infants from whose nasal secretions respiratory syncytial virus was identified most variables favoured treatment with ribavirin, with significant reduction in chest recession. No difference was found in the rate of clearance of respiratory syncytial virus. The treatment was well tolerated as judged clinically and from the results of haematological and biochemical studies. The study suggests nebulised ribavirin may have a place in the treatment of some cases of bronchiolitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Chlamydia trachomatis as a cause of neonatal conjunctivitis.

Chlamydia trachomatis was identified in 37 of 73 consecutive neonates with purulent conjunctivitis, including four delivered by caesarean section with intact membranes. Most (28/37) presented in the first week. Infection was significantly associated with referral from the community. Genital C. trachomatis infection was present in 13 of 35 parents of affected infants.

Chlamydia trachomatis↗
PubMed1985

Home nebulisers.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Effects of ketotifen on in vitro bronchoconstriction.

We have studied the effects of Ketotifen [Ke] (10(-4)M and 10(-6)M) on two in vitro models of bronchoconstriction: actively sensitized guinea-pig trachea (GPT), and passively sensitized human bronchial muscle (HBM). Experiments were performed on matched pairs of tissues. Cumulative dose response curves [CDRC] for histamine and acetyl choline were constructed, and repeated after pre-incubation with Ke or saline control. The effect of Ke on maximal antigen induced contractions was also studied. Contraction of GPT by histamine and acetyl choline was inhibited by Ke 10(-4)M, though this effect was not apparent at high doses of acetyl choline. Ke 10(-6)M had a weaker inhibitory effect on histamine and acetyl choline induced responses. Contraction of GPT by antigen was unaffected by Ketotifen. In the HBM model, Ke 10(-4)M inhibited acetyl choline and antigen induced responses. Ketotifen, 10(-6)M had an inhibitory effect on acetyl choline induced contractions, though this was small, and not seen at higher agonist doses. Contraction of HBM by antigen was unaffected by Ke 10(-6)M. We were unable to obtain reproducible CD RC's to histamine with HBM. The weaker or absent effects of Ke 10(-6)M, a level close to that obtained in clinical practice, may explain some of the poor results of clinical trials, and suggest that efficacy may be improved by the use of higher doses.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1985

Treatment of asthma in preschool children with slow release theophylline.

Fifty two preschool children with asthma were given a recommended regimen of slow release theophylline. There was wide variation in the metabolism of theophylline. The approach adopted gave disappointing results. Nine children did not comply, and 16 stopped treatment because of side effects. Of the remainder, control of asthma was poor in 15 and satisfactory in 12.

Asthma↗
PubMed1984

A controlled trial of hyposensitization with adsorbed tyrosine Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus antigen in childhood asthma: in vivo aspects.

Continuing study for a second year and further analysis of a double-blind placebo controlled trial, already briefly reported, of injections of tyrosine-adsorbed, glutaraldehyde-modified Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus antigen in fifty-one children with perennial asthma and positive bronchial challenge to the antigen, confirms that the patients receiving the treatment reduced their symptomatic medication more than controls, without deterioration of symptoms. Some became symptom-free, when off all treatment. A double-blind placebo controlled trial of continuing treatment for a second year gave evidence of deterioration when the treatment was stopped. Within the treatment group, the improvement was associated with loss of late (6 hr) reaction to bronchial provocation with the antigen, but was not associated with change of immediate (20 min) reaction in lungs or skin. Those who improved in the placebo group did not lose their late reaction. There was a trend for similar benefit from active treatment in the control group, during the second year, though less than in the original active group, and only one lost his late reaction. Only one of the six children with very severe early onset asthma improved. Local reactions to either active or placebo (tyrosine) were seen in half the patients; these were mild and did not influence the treatment. Systemic symptoms occurred shortly after four active injections and after two placebo injections; only one patient stopped the treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

In vitro investigations in asthmatic children undergoing hyposensitization with tyrosine-adsorbed Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus antigen.

Successful hyposensitization to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in perennial childhood asthma was associated with a slight mean rise of serum IgG antibody to the mite antigen in contrast to a placebo group in whom this antibody fell slightly. No relationship was detected between the effect on asthma and the magnitude of this change. Nor was there any consistent effect on IgE or IgA antibody. There was a wide range of total serum IgE and IgE, IgG and IgA antibody to D. pteronyssinus before treatment; this level did not predict the effect of treatment. Some patients lacked IgA antibody. IgE antibody to timothy grass pollen was raised in some but not others. These levels did not change systematically during the study and improvement occurred in those who had this antibody as well as IgE antibody to D. pteronyssinus. IgG and IgE antibodies to D. pteronyssinus were significantly correlated in the pre-treatment samples. Lymphocyte thymidine uptake was lower after 8 weeks of treatment than in the control group, not only after stimulus with D. pteronyssinus antigen, in vitro, but also with antigen from Candida albicans. This was not a serum effect. The late bronchial provocation response was lost only in those with serum IgA less than the log mean for age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Delivery of sodium cromoglycate by pressurized aerosol.

Sodium cromoglycate (SCG) has recently been formulated as a pressurized aerosol. Twenty-five asthmatic outpatients taking SCG via the Spinhaler were studied in a double-dummy, double-blind cross-over trial in which subjects took Spincaps containing 20 mg of SCG for 2 months, and for the alternate 2 months were treated with SCG aerosol delivering 1 mg/actuation. There was no evidence of clinical deterioration occurring during the period on aerosol SCG. During this period however cough frequency was significantly lower and when data for the 8-13 and 14-46 year age groups were analysed separately, this decrease was seen to be confined to the younger group. Furthermore, this group but not the adults, showed a significant improvement in morning peak expiratory flow rate. We conclude that the aerosol preparation of SCG is a useful alternative to delivery by Spinhaler for patients who are able to coordinate, and that it may have special advantages for children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Deterioration in lung function after general anaesthesia in patients with cystic fibrosis.

48 hours after oesophagoscopy and injection sclerotherapy of oesophageal varices under general anaesthesia, 11 studies of 6 children with cystic fibrosis and portal hypertension showed a significant deterioration in 4 tests of lung function. The largest falls were seen in Forced Expiration Volume in one second (p less than 0.01) and Forced Expiratory Flow between 25% and 75% of Vital Capacity (p less than 0.02). In 14 studies of 10 children with portal hypertension from other causes a significant fall occurred only in Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (p less than 0.01). The slight falls in Forced Expiratory Volume in one second and Forced Expiratory Flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity were significantly smaller than those observed in the patients with cystic fibrosis (p less than 0.05; p less than 0.01).

Adolescent↗