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Biomedical subjects

J F Phillips

Publications and source records attributed to J F Phillips.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Unreliability of M-mode left ventricular dimensions for calculating stroke volume and cardiac output in patients without heart disease.

Single-dimension left ventricular echocardiographic measurements are currently being used in investigational studies as the basis for evaluating cardiac output parameters in normal subjects, even though validity of the method for normal subjects has not been established. We prospectively compared stroke volume derived from M mode left ventricular dimensions (LVID) to Fick stroke volume in 20 patients with no objective evidence of cardiac disease. Based on simultaneous studies, stroke volume by Fick ranged from 39 to 121 ml and cardiac output ranged from 3.9 to 10.4 L/min. Comparing the LVID cubed method with Fick, the correlation coefficient was r = .47 for stroke volume and r = .36 for cardiac output. LVID absolute error in cardiac output ranged -2.11 to +3.21 L/min. Use of other published formulas for calculating stroke volume from LVID did not improve accuracy. These data indicate that stroke volume and cardiac output cannot be accurately measured or reliably estimated from M mode left ventricular internal dimensions.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The demographic impact of the family planning--health services project in Matlab, Bangladesh.

This paper evaluates the demographic impact of the Family Planning-Health Services Project in Matlab Thana of rural Bangladesh. The project was begun by the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh in October 1977. Contraceptive services--including pills, condoms, IUDs, sterilization, and injectables--are supplemented by oral rehydration, tetanus toxoid, and other services. About 33 percent of eligible couples are using contraception. Impact is evaluated by direct measurement of birth rates in the treatment and comparison areas. An overall fertility decline of about 25 percent is observed, concentrated among older women. The impact is two-to-three times that of an earlier project that included fewer methods and used lesser trained workers. The study shows that intensive family planning efforts can affect fertility in the absence of socioeconomic changes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The demographic impact of the contraceptive distribution project in Matlab, Bangladesh.

This paper evaluates a study fielded in Bangladesh in 1975 to test the hypothesis that ubiquitous availability of pills and condoms in a rural, traditional, noncontracepting population would increase contraceptive use and reduce fertility. Treatment and comparison areas were designated in Matlab, an area with accurate and complete demographic data. Use prevalence peaked at 18 percent in the first three months of the project and declined thereafter. Project activities continued until 1977. Results show that between-treatment fertility differentials were 10 percent in the first year of program impact, but that effects dissipated with time.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Prevalence of regional left ventricular dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease.

Left ventricular (LV) wall motion was evaluated prospectively by M-mode echocardiography for 503 patients, and results were compared with cinearteriographic and ECG findings. M-mode results from 92 of the patients were also compared with two-dimensional echocardiographic (2D) and LV angiographic findings. Abnormal echo motion was found by M-mode in 89 percent of patients with ECG Q waves of infarction and in 61 percent of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients without Q waves. Thirty-four percent of CAD patients had normal wall motion on M-mode examination. More abnormalities were detected when patients were examined using both M-mode and 2D, because M-mode was more sensitive in detecting anterior lesions and 2D was more sensitive in detecting posterior lesions. Both M-mode and 2D showed a low incidence of false-positive diagnosis (less than 2 percent) for patients with normal findings at cardiac catheterization.

Angiography↗
PubMed1979

Exercise-induced U-wave inversion as a marker of stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery.

The prevalence and cineangiographic correlates of exercise-induced inversion of U waves were studied in 248 patients. Exercise-induced U-wave inversion was observed in 36 patients (15%), of whom 35 had greater than or equal to 75% stenosis in one or more of the major coronary arteries. The proximal left anterior descending or left main coronary artery was involved in 33 of these patients, including 24 patients with no electrocardiographic evidence of anterior myocardial infarction. Exercise-induced U-wave inversion was observed in the absence of an abnormal resting 12-lead ECG. Only one of the 82 patients (1.2%) without significant coronary artery disease demonstrated exercise-induced U-wave inversion, and this patient had a primary cardiomyopathy. We conclude that exercise-induced inversion of the U-wave is highly predictiveof significant coronary artery disease and, more specifically, of disease of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Cholecystosonography for the diagnosis of cholecystolithiasis.

The gallbladder can be visualized by ultrasound (cholecystosonography) and gallstones seen as echo producing densities. Under cholecystosonographic observation the gallbladder can be demonstrated to contract following stimulation by cholecystokinin. This establishes patency of the cystic duct and excludes a diagnosis of acute obstructive cholecystopathy. The gallbladder has been identified in 84 of 86 patients. Stones have been identified sonographically in 64% of 42 patients with proven gallstones (75% of the last 20 cases). The gallbladder contracted following stimulation in 18 of 20 cases with a patent cystic duct. Cholecystosonography is simple, safe and economical. Cholecystonography with cholecystokinin stimulation is the first diagnostic study to be performed when cholecystolithiasis is suspected and the following circumstances exists: a) an acute right upper quadrant (RUQ) syndrome consistant with acute obstructive cholecystopathy. b) cholestasis or hepatic dysfunction. c) a history of allergy to contrast media. Cholecystosonography may detect gallstones in a gallbladder visualized by oral cholangiography when stones are of the same density as the contrast media.

Cholangiography↗
PubMed1978

Stroke volume calculated from the mitral valve echogram in patients with and without ventricular dyssynergy.

A formula was derived for calculating mitral valve stroke volume (MVSV) using the rate of mitral valve (MV) opening (DE slope on the MV echogram), the vertical disease between the mitral leaflet echoes early in diastole (EE), the electrocardiographic PR interval and heart rate. The formula was tested prospectively on 80 consecutive patients from whom 95 simultaneous MV echograms and either thermodilution (45) or Fick (50) cardiac outputs were obtained. Sixteen patients were normal; 54 had coronary artery disease; three had cardiomyopathy; and seven had nonrheumatic mitral regurgitation (MR). Linear regression for stroke volume was r = 0.90, SEE +/- 6, and for cardiac output r = 0.83, SEE +/- 0.5 liter for the 73 patients without MR. The presence or absence of ventricular dyssynergy did not alter statistical findings. MVSV consistently overestimated forward stroke volume for the seven patients with MR. This study shows that the MV echogram provides an accurate, widely applicable method for calculating MVSV.

Cardiac Catheterization↗
PubMed1978

Continued use of contraception among Philippine family planning acceptors: a multivariate analysis.

The factors that contribute to continued use of contraception are examined through a multivariate analysis of data gathered in the course of the Philippine 1974 National Acceptor Survey. Twenty-five independent variables were utilized in the analysis, of which only three were found to have an appreciable effect upon continuation: the method accepted, age, and husband's attitude regarding family planning. When the sample was divided into method subgroups, several features of the service process explained variance in pill continuation, and fecundability explained variance in rhythm continuation. The findings suggest that there is considerable potential for improving the effectiveness of the Philippine program through administrative action. Better IUD services and information, more emphasis on the needs of husbands, and improvements in the ongoing support of pill users could substantially improve the amount of contraceptive protection offered by the program.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The volume of the uterus in normal and abnormal pregnancy.

The relationship of the volume of the uterus to the bipartial diameter in single, twin, triplet and abnormal gestations was determined. The relationships are linear and the populations of single and multiple pregnancies fall into distinct groups. Correlation of the uterine volume and biparietal diameter also establishes an objective basis for diagnosing the presence of polyhydramnios ,fetal hydrocephalus, or any abnormality that produces a distortion of the normal utere volume relationship.

Female↗
PubMed1976

Ultrasound of the parotid gland.

Five cases of parotid gland masses were studied by ultrasound. Only retention cysts and true cysts of the parotid gland appear sonolucent at low and high gain settings. Benign and malignant tumor present as solid masses except for the Warthin's tumor which is sonolucent at lower gain settings but has a lattice of internal echoes at higher gain settings.

Adenolymphoma↗
PubMed1976

Eosinophilic gastritis. Radiologic-pathologic correlation (RPC) from the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP).

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis may involve the gastrointestinal tract locally ofr diffusely. When localized to the stomach, the preferred terminology is "eosinophilic gastritis". Pathologically, this entity is characterized by a high eosinophil count (which closely follows the symptomatology) and diffuse infiltration of the antral wall by eosinophils. Typical roentgenographic manifestations include gastric antral rigidity, thickened folds, and mucosal nodules. The differential diagnosis is discussed. Correct diagnosis is vital because of the benign nature of the disease and good response to conservative therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Ultrasound diagnosis of posttransplant renal lymphocele.

Two cases of posttransplant renal lymphoceles were diagnosed and followed by ultrasound. Lymphocele formation is a significant but often not thought of cause in a rejectionlike picture. Because of its noninvasive nature, ultrasound is an ideal method to detect and follow this complication.

Adolescent↗