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Biomedical subjects

J F Pays

Publications and source records attributed to J F Pays.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

A comparative approach to the French medical missions in Brazil and in sub-Saharan Africa before the Second World War.

Franco-Brazilian cooperation in the field of microbiology and tropical diseases dates back to the onset of those disciplines. Physicians were sent over by France, namely Marchoux, Simond and Salimbeni from 1901 to 1905 to study yellow fever, and Emile Brumpt from 1913 to 1914 to teach parasitology. These missions brought in some important results. After confirming that the yellow fever agent was a filterable virus and that Stegomya (Aedes) its only vector, Simond and Marchoux clarified the biology of the mosquito and showed that sexual transmission of the virus could occur. They also set up different measures for the control of yellow fever outbreaks which Oswaldo Cruz was inspired by for his campaign against yellow fever. Emile Brumpt implemented the teaching of parasitology at the Faculty of Medicine in São Paulo and contributed to human American trypanosomiasis by defining the transmission of the disease and the cycle of the parasite responsible for it. He also developed the technique known as xenodiagnosis. Simond and Marchoux's works on yellow fever found an immediate application in French colonies, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the fight against large African endemics such as sleeping sickness, the other human trypanosomiases, could not have been carried out successfully without the contribution of mobile teams following Eugène Jamot's initiative in addition to the permanent centres which characterized the French colonial system.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1999

[Human American trypanosomiasis 90 years after its discovery by Carlos Chagas. II--Clinical aspects, physiopathology, diagnosis and treatment].

Cardiac, neurologic, and gastrointestinal manifestations of Chagas Disease have been well documented, but underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms, especially of chronic myocarditis, remain unclear. In the last decades, vectorial and transfusional transmission has been diminished. However congenital forms, which were long unknown and are still poorly understood, and reactive forms, which occur in patients with acquired or induced immunodeficiency, have confounded conventional wisdom concerning the evolution of this disease. Several new diagnostic tools have been developed without replacing the traditional methods, e.g. the xenodiagnostic technique proposed by Brumpt. With regard to indirect diagnosis, further progress is needed to improve specificity and sensitivity as well as the discriminating ability of the numerous techniques now available. Recently several double-blind randomized trials showed that benznidazole may be useful for early stage disease in children under 12 years of age. Further study with long-term follow-up will be necessary to determine the value of generalizing treatment to all patients with Chagas disease regardless of age and disease stage. However the ideal trypanocidal agent has yet to be found. Although attempts to immunize animals have not been complete failures, current results are not adequate to hold forth hope of a vaccine for use in man within the foreseeable future.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1998

[American human trypanosomiasis 90 years after its discovery by Carlos Chagas. I. Epidemiology and control].

It was in 1909 that Carlos Chagas described the disease which now bears his name. During the ensuing 90 years, our knowledge of this apparently whimsical, protozoan disease has grown enormously but many points remain unclear. Epidemiologically speaking, current knowledge is poor about the mechanisms and markers of variability of Trypanosoma cruzi, mechanisms allowing the organism to survive in the host, and susceptibility of infected individuals to disabling or fatal late complications. With regard to vector control, it is increasingly obvious that success will be more difficult than previously thought due to the likelihood that, as domestic species are exterminated, they will be replaced by semi-domesticated or wild species. Two other factors that have significantly changed the conventional epidemiological profile of Chagas'disease on the subcontinent over the past 50 years are human intervention in the environment and population migration from rural to urban zones. Despite the breakthroughs achieved in the last decade. Chagas'disease, with its multiple modes of transmission (vector-borne, congenital, and transfusional to name but the most important), diverse reservoir involving over 175 species, and potential for course of the disease in man, will remain a major health problem in Latin America countries for many years to come.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Evaluation of a rapid enzyme immunoassay for diagnosis of hepatic amoebiasis.

We compared the capability of rapid enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to detect antiamoebic antibodies during hepatic amoebiasis with those of indirect hemagglutination and latex agglutination. EIA is simple to perform and rapid (20 min) and does not require any special equipment (optical reading is sufficient). EIA of 143 sera (including 43 from patients with proven hepatic amoebic abscess, 33 from patients with other hepatic disorders and/or parasitic infections, and 67 from healthy individuals) yielded a specificity, a sensitivity, and positive and negative predictive values of 100, 93, 100, and 97.1, respectively. This test could thus be considered another valuable tool for the diagnosis of hepatic amoebiasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Recent progress in the diagnosis of intestinal amebiasis. Contribution of molecular biology].

Only 10% of Entamoeba histolytica strains have been reported to have a pathogenic capacity. Theoretically and under certain conditions, confirming this estimation should limit the number and the cost of the treatments administered to the four hundred million asymptomatic carriers in the world. Several new routine tests which allow more accurate and easier diagnosis of intestinal amoebiasis and in particular the differential diagnosis between the pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains are or soon will be available. The practical interest of some of these new tests is limited by the problem of assessing parameters such as the stability in vivo and the nonpathogenic features of the nonpathogenic strains, the frequency of the association between pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains, the prevalence of pathogenic strains compared with the nonpathogenic strains, and the kinetics of the elimination of the parasitic forms. Even if these tests are assumed to be efficient, they cannot be regarded as absolutely reliable because of the complexity of the clinical disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Microsporidia infection in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus and unexplained cholangitis.

BACKGROUND: Cholangitis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is usually associated with opportunistic infections by cryptosporidium species or cytomegalovirus, but in about a third of cases no opportunistic agent is identified. We suspected some of these cases of biliary disease might be explained by infection with the microsporidia species Enterocytozoon bieneusi, an obligate intracellular protozoan that causes chronic diarrhea in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). METHODS: We studied eight HIV-infected homosexual men (in either group IV of the classification of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or group II, with a CD4 cell count of < or = 10 per cubic millimeter) who were referred because of cholangitis for which no causative agent had been found by standard tests. All the patients underwent abdominal ultrasonography and endoscopic ultrasonography or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with collection of bile from the common bile duct. One patient had transhepatic biliary catheterization, and two others had cholecystectomy. Bile samples, duodenal- and liver-biopsy specimens, and gallbladder tissue were studied by light and electron microscopy. RESULTS: All eight patients with unexplained AIDS-related cholangitis had biliary microsporidosis. Intraepithelial E. bieneusi spores (1 to 2 microns) and supranuclear plasmodia (3 to 8 microns) were identified in the six duodenal-biopsy specimens. May-Grünwald-Giemsa staining of bile samples revealed free forms of microsporidia in all eight patients, and the presence of E. bieneusi was confirmed by electron microscopy. E. bieneusi was also identified in ductal biliary cells on a liver biopsy, in one common-bile-duct smear, and in gallbladder epithelium (in two patients). Four patients were found to have associated but previously undetected biliary or duodenal cryptosporidiosis, whereas another had biliary infection associated with cytomegalovirus. CONCLUSIONS: Infection of the biliary tract with E. bieneusi is associated with and may be a cause of AIDS-related cholangitis.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1992

Enterocytozoon bieneusi infection in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related sclerosing cholangitis.

Acalculous cholecystitis and sclerosing cholangitis due to Cryptosporidium sp, and cytomegalovirus have been described in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, in about 40% of cases of AIDS-related biliary disease, no opportunistic pathogen is identified. The current case report describes the first case, to the best of the authors' knowledge, of AIDS-related sclerosing cholangitis associated with microsporidiosis. Enterocytozoon bieneusi was detected in the duodenum and bile by means of light microscopy and confirmed by electron microscopy. Microsporidian infection should be suspected in patients with AIDS-related sclerosing cholangitis as well as in cases of diarrhea in which none of the usual pathogens are found.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

[Survival of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) in Triatoma infestans (Klug, 1834)].

Triatoma infestans is the main domestic vector of Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasitic agent of Chagas' disease in South America. We investigated whether Triatoma infestans could shelter the HIV-1 virus. For this purpose, we measured the survival time of the virus in the alimentary tract. Fifth-instar nymphs of the blood-sucking bug were fed through an ad hoc apparatus with venous blood from asymptomatic HIV-1 seropositive patients. We attempted to evidence the virus by cultivating material from the insect gut (wall and content) on lymphocyte co-culture. Retrovirus activity was demonstrated in the culture supernatant by dosing the p24 antigen and the reverse transcriptase activity. The virus has been found alive in the gut content of Triatoma infestans up to the 7th day after the last infectious meal of the insect.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Not Available].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Anemia↗
PubMed1987

[Method of biological control of Triatominae, vectors of Chagas disease, using entomopathogenic Hyphomycetes. Preliminary study].

Bioassays determined the pathogenic activity of 14 strains of 5 entomopathogenic hyphomycetous species (Fungi imperfecti), Beauveria bassiana, Beauveria brongniartii, Metarhizium anisopliae, Nomuraea rileyi and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus to Rhodnius prolixus. Treatments consisted of direct spraying with conidial titrated suspensions on first instar larvae. When tested at 3 X 10(5) conidia/cm2, only 2 strains, B. bassiana n. 297 and B. bassiana n. 326 killed 100% of larvae at 10 days post-exposure. In the same time their LD50 and their LD90 did not differ significantly. After 3 weeks, the mortality caused by either dose of spores of B. bassiana n. 297 was very high. In contrast, in the case of B. bassiana n. 326 mortality due to reduced doses remained at low rates. This laboratory study demonstrated that the isolate, B. bassiana n. 297 might have potential as microbial control agent against the assassin bugs.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Wound myiasis caused by Lucilia sericata].

Report of a case of miyasis in Lucilia sericata infected wounds recently observed in Paris in a 67-year-old vagrant. The authors describe the role played by Lucilia sericata in therapy before the appearance of sulfanilamides and antibiotics.

Aged↗