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Biomedical subjects

J F Newman

Publications and source records attributed to J F Newman.

54 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Further physicochemical characterization of Nodamura virus. Evidence that the divided genome occurs in a single component.

Nodamura virus, a small non-enveloped RNA virus, contains two species of RNA sedimenting at 22S (RNA-1) and 15S (RNA-2), a single major polypeptide of mol. wt. 40 X 10(3) and two minor polypeptides, of mol. wt. 38 and 43 X 10(3). Evidence is presented that the two RNA species are in the same particle. Although extraction of the virus with SDS-phenol yields the two species of RNA as separate entities, gentle treatment of the virus with guanidine and low concentrations of SDS releases the RNA as a 27S component which contains both RNA-1 and RNA-2 together with a trace of protein. It seems likely that the two RNA species replicate separately because double stranded molecules corresponding to the single stranded RNA-1 and RNA-2 molecules were present in BHK cells infected with the virus.

Chlorides↗
PubMed1978

In vitro translation of the Two RNAs of Nodamura virus, a novel mammalian virus with a divided genome.

Nodamura virus is a small ribovirus containing two RNA molecules. Both RNAs were found to be active messengers for protein synthesis in cell-free extracts prepared from wheat embryo or HeLa cells. RNA 2 directed synthesis of a 43,000-dalton product, p43, whose tryptic fingerprint was similar to that of the major viral coat protein, vp40 (molecular weight, 40,000). Though p43 appears to be a precursor of vp40, processing did not occur in the cell-free extracts. RNA 1 directed synthesis of a 105,000-dalton protein, p105. Its tryptic fingerprint revealed no evidence of coat protein sequences. Hence, the two RNAs represent genes with few, if any, redundant coding sequences.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1977

Physicochemical characterization of two serologically unrelated equine rhinoviruses.

The physicochemical properties of two serologically distinct equine rhinoviruses have been examined. Each virus sedimented at approximately 160S but co-centrifugation of the two viruses in a sucrose gradient revealed a small difference in their sedimentation coefficients. The two viruses also have different buoyant densities in cesium chloride. The equine rhinovirus type 1 equilibrated as a sharp peak at 1.45 g/ml whereas the type 2 virus equilibrated as a heterogeneous band with a peak at 1.44 g/ml but ranging in density from 1.41 to 1.45 g/ml. The relative sedimentation coefficients of the two virus RNAs were 35S for rhinovirus 1 and 37S for rhinovirus 2. A limited number of base composition analyses also showed differences between the two virus RNAs. The polypeptide profile of each serotype in polyacrylamide gels was generally similar to those of other picornaviruses but the two serotypes could be distinguished readily from each other.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1976

Absence of poly (A) from the infective RNA of Nodamura virus.

With the exception of phage Qbeta, the RNAs of all the other small icosahedral RNA viruses so far examined contain a poly (A) tract. This tract has been implicated in the infectivity of poliovirus RNA. We have now shown that Nodamura virus, a divided genome virus from which infective RNA can be extracted, does not contain any poly (A) tracts. This evidence with Nodamura virus shows that poly (A) is not a necessary requirement for the infectivity of virus RNA molecules.

Aphthovirus↗
PubMed1975

The multiplication of Nodamura virus in insect and mammalian cell cultures.

Nodamura virus multiplied in mosquito cell lines, as determined by infectivivity assays in adult honey bees (Apis mellifera) and wax moth larvae (Galleria mellonella). Titres of more than 10-7 and 10-5 bee LD50 /ml were obtained in culture fluids of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti cells respectively after 10 days. Comparable titres were obtained after several months, during which the cultures were subdivided up to six times. Nodamura virus also multiplied in BHK cells and yielded titres of 10-4-8 to 10-6-6 mouse LD50/ml and 10-5-1 to 10-7-1 wax moth LD50/ml in culture fluid 1 to 4 days after infection. No c.p.e. was observed in infected cells.

Aedes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Myristylation of picornavirus capsid protein VP4 and its structural significance.

We have obtained evidence that poliovirus and other picornavirus particles are specifically modified by having myristic acid covalently bound to a capsid protein. The electron density map of poliovirus confirms the position of the myristate molecule and defines its location in the virus particle. Analogies with other myristylated proteins suggest that the myristate moiety in picornaviruses may be involved in capsid assembly or in the entry of virus into cells.

Capsid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CEO performance appraisal: review and recommendations.

CEO performance appraisal (PA) is very valuable to an organization, but the chances of obtaining a PA of high quality decrease as executive responsibility increases. The realities of CEO PA are that it: (1) is inevitable; (2) is creative and complex; (3) involves politics; and (4) has a significant effect on the organization and the executive. PA is conducted for legal and social requirements, to enhance communication, to provide opportunities for improvement, and to relate performance to compensation. This article discusses several problems with chief executive officer (CEO) PA and the contemporary approaches that seek to improve it. Three fundamental areas for evaluation are identified: (1) organizational success; (2) areawide health status; and (3) professional role fulfillment. These provide an outline for successful healthcare PA. In addition to a discussion of the strategic considerations behind a successful CEO PA system, several recommendations are offered for the implementation of the annual evaluation process. The final goal of CEO PA is to link its results to CEO incentive compensation. It is strongly recommended that some portion of the CEO's salary directly hinge on his performance in two critical areas: organizational effectiveness and community health status.

Chief Executive Officers, Hospital↗