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J F Moreau

Publications and source records attributed to J F Moreau.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Immuno-endocrine interactions in early pregnancy.

First we recall briefly the status of inflammatory cytokines in the early implantation period. We then describe the status of leukaemia inhibiting factor (LIF) production in an in-vitro, relatively short-term, human decidual explant culture system. We show that in most infertile women with recurrent implantation failure following successful in-vitro fertilization, LIF production is statistically much lower than normal. Other parameters of LIF production in vitro are summarized briefly, and the effects of RU486 are shown. The TH2 status of normal pregnancy is described, together with the production of TH2 cytokines by decidua and placenta. These cytokines are deficient in the CBAXDBA/2 model of murine spontaneous early pregnancy loss. The defect can be corrected by alloimmunization, and more importantly by the injection of tau interferon. The significance of these data for early pregnancy signalling is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

In-vitro endometrial secretion of human interleukin for DA cells/leukaemia inhibitory factor by explant cultures from fertile and infertile women.

Human interleukin for DA cells/leukaemia inhibitory factor (HILDA/LIF) is a cytokine with pleiotropic effects involved in successful murine implantation. We evaluated human uterine HILDA/LIF production by monitoring its in-vitro secretion by endometrial explant cultures obtained from individuals in either normal or pathological conditions. The cytokine secretion was standardized using the day 5:day 1 ratio of HILDA/LIF concentration in supernatants of such cultures, hereby termed HILDA/LIF production index (HLPI). Our results confirmed that HILDA/LIF is secreted by the human endometrium as assessed by secretion at every phase of the cycle in either normal fertile women, or women bearing intrauterine devices. This was also the case for samples obtained from infertile women presenting repeated failures of embryonic implantation or unexplained primary sterility. However, the HLPI were significantly lower in those latter two groups when compared to fertile women. These results suggest an abnormal regulation of HILDA/LIF secretion in such circumstances, and the clinical implication of those data is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Color Doppler US of renovascular disease in native kidneys.

One hundred eighty-seven native kidneys in 96 patients were examined with color Doppler ultrasound (US) to (a) determine the color Doppler US characteristics of renovascular disorders and (b) assess the value of color Doppler US in detection of such disorders. Correlative angiography or computed tomography was performed in 94 patients. The following renovascular disorders were found: renal artery (RA) stenosis (40 cases), RA thrombosis (13 cases), RA aneurysm (four cases), renal vein thrombosis (three cases), arteriovenous fistula (three cases), peripheral infarction (one case of bilateral infarcts), and distal occlusive disease (three cases). One case of aortal coarctation was also found. Color Doppler US failed to demonstrate the proximal main RA in 25% of cases (among 193 RAs total including supernumerary RAs). The sensitivity and specificity of color Doppler US for the detection of RA stenosis or thrombosis were 89% and 99%, respectively. Color Doppler US thus appears to be effective in the diagnosis of renovascular disease in native kidneys.

Aneurysm↗
PubMed1995

[In vitro modulation of the production of the cytokine HILDA/LIF, secreted by human endometrial explants: preliminary results].

Human endometrium from fertile women secrete HILDA/LIF in vitro. In endometrial explants from women suffering from an unexplained sterility or women whose fertilized eggs do not implant the in vitro secretion is significantly reduced. HILDA/LIF secretion is increased by IL-1 and decreased by IL-4. CSF-1 has little effects on secretion from fertile women but clearly inhibits secretion from some infertile women. Altogether, the results suggest that HILDA/LIF might be involved in human implantation.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Zonal anatomy of the prostate using endorectal MRI].

The development of an endorectal surface coil now permits a partial study of the anatomical model developed by McNeal. Axial and coronal views, which were used to establish the model can be obtained in a short period of time with fast spin echo sequences. Axial views are performed along the proximal urethra and coronal views are performed along the axis of the distal urethra and the ejaculatory ducts. Anatomical boundaries of the transitional zone are well delineated on axial views, illustrating the concept of "inner gland". The prostatic capsule and the neuro-vascular bundles, pathways of extension of the cancer out of the prostate are also well delineated. Coronal sections allow a very good anatomical study of the caudal junction of the vas deferens and the seminal vesicles (the so called weak space), pathway of tumor extension to the seminal vesicles. Differences in signal of the prostatic zones make the outer gland cancers very conspicuous as well as some transitional cancers which can show, in some cases, an homogeneous hyposignal.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

Inhibition of chronic myelogenous leukemia cells harboring a BCR-ABL B3A2 junction by antisense oligonucleotides targeted at the B2A2 junction.

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematopoietic stem cell disorder characterized by the BCR-ABL hybrid gene. Two types of hybrid BCR-ABL mRNA have been found, B2A2 and B3A2. As the BCR-ABL rearrangement is specific to leukemic cells, selective inhibition of leukemic cell growth by BCR-ABL antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) has been reported in vitro for CML patients and cell lines. However, controversial results have been obtained from preclinical studies using anti-BCR-ABL ASO, as nonspecific inhibition of leukemic cell growth was evidenced in some cases. B3 exon secondary structure was deduced from its sequence and found to be a loop. According to this predictive structure of exon B3, a 56-mer antisense oligonucleotide targeting the polypurine bases from the B2A2 junction was devised which would inhibit proliferation (MTT assay) of B3A2 junction cell lines (K562 and a murine cell line Ba/F3 transfected with the B3A2 junctional sequence). This ASO had a hairpin-like secondary structure and was found to be much more resistant to the action of nucleases than control 18-mer standard oligonucleotides. Hybridization to its target mRNA occurs via formation of a triplex structure. A concentration of 5 microM of specific 56-mer B2A2 ASO was necessary to demonstrate 50% optical density (OD) reduction for K562 cell line and Ba/F3 transformed by B3A2 cDNA. Sense and non-sense 56-mer sequence or 18-mer linear ASO showed no effect for these concentrations. Western blot showed a partial inhibition of P210 protein; expression of P145abl remains unchanged. The 56-mer ASO also inhibited the proliferation of B2A2 junction cell line BV173 at the same concentration and showed no effect on the HL60 cell line used as control.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1994

One-year enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay follow-up of human interleukin for Da cells/leukemia inhibitory factor in blood and urine of 22 kidney transplant recipients.

The cytokine human interleukin for Da cells/leukemia inhibitory factor (HILDA/LIF) exerts multiple biological effects in vitro. In mice, high circulating levels of HILDA/LIF induce a wide range of pathophysiological events, some of them closely involved with immunological and inflammatory responses. Using a sandwich ELISA recognizing the natural human HILDA/LIF molecule with a threshold of 50 pg/ml in urine and 150 pg/ml in plasma, we monitored the urine and plasma HILDA/LIF levels of 22 patients in their first year after a kidney transplant. HILDA/LIF urine excretion is increased during acute rejection, and infections also trigger heavy HILDA/LIF plasma concentrations or urine excretion. In addition, this study raises the question of HILDA/LIF involvement in post-kidney-transplant phenomena such as hypercalcemia, osteoporosis, or the reversal of anemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

The crystal structure and biological function of leukemia inhibitory factor: implications for receptor binding.

The structure of murine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) has been determined by X-ray crystallography at 2.0 A resolution. The main chain fold conforms to the four alpha-helix bundle topology previously observed for several members of the hematopoietic cytokine family. Of these, LIF shows closest structural homology to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and growth hormone (GH). Sequence alignments for the functionally related molecules oncostatin M and ciliary neurotrophic factor, when mapped to the LIF structure, indicate regions of conserved surface character. Analysis of the biological function and receptor specificity of a series of human-mouse LIF chimeras implicate two regions of receptor interaction that are located in the fourth helix and the preceding loop. A model for receptor binding based on the structure of the GH ligand-receptor complex requires additional, novel features to account for these data.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Interleukin-4 inhibits bone resorption through an effect on osteoclasts and proinflammatory cytokines in an ex vivo model of bone resorption in rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To assess local bone resorption in the context of rheumatoid synovitis and its modulation by interleukin-4 (IL-4). METHODS: We developed an ex vivo model of bone resorption using juxtaarticular samples of bone obtained during joint surgery. We studied the histomorphometric parameters of bone resorption and the regulation of the production of IL-6, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and the collagen cross-link pyridinoline, which is released during bone resorption in vivo. RESULTS: This was a sensitive and dynamic model of bone resorption. The bone samples produced high levels of pyridinoline and as much cytokine as synovium pieces obtained from the same joint. IL-4 induced a 70% reduction of IL-6 and LIF production by bone pieces and reduced pyridinoline levels. Histomorphometric studies performed on bone samples indicated a 35% increase in the mean total bone area after 7 days of treatment with IL-4. More importantly, with IL-4, osteoclasts were not detectable in the bone sections. CONCLUSION: The inhibitory effect of IL-4 on bone resorption extends our knowledge of its antiinflammatory properties and suggests that the inflammatory cytokine imbalance in rheumatoid synovium also contributes to defects in bone resorption in RA.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Interleukin-4 but not interleukin-10 inhibits the production of leukemia inhibitory factor by rheumatoid synovium and synoviocytes.

The expression of the proinflammatory cytokine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) has been reported in the cartilage and synovium of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Here, we show that high levels of LIF were constitutively produced by cultures of synovium pieces. Low levels of LIF were produced spontaneously by isolated synoviocytes, but interleukin (IL)-1 beta caused a fourfold enhancement of this secretion. The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 reduced the production of LIF by synovium pieces by 75%, as observed earlier with IL-6, IL-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. IL-4 had a direct effect since it inhibited LIF production by unstimulated and IL-1 beta- or TNF-alpha-stimulated synoviocytes. Conversely, IL-4 enhanced the production of IL-6, which shares with LIF biological activities and receptor components. The inhibitory effect of IL-4 was dose dependent and was reversed using a blocking anti-IL-4 receptor antibody. Similar inhibitory action of IL-4 on LIF production was observed on synovium pieces from patients with osteoarthritis and on normal synoviocytes. IL-10, another anti-inflammatory cytokine acting on monocytes, had no effect on LIF production by either synovium pieces or isolated synoviocytes. Thus, the production of LIF by synovium tissue was inhibited by IL-4 through both a direct effect on synoviocytes and an indirect effect by inhibition of the production of LIF-inducing cytokines.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1994

Human interleukin for DA cells or leukemia inhibitory factor is released by Vero cells in human embryo coculture.

In the light of the newly discovered implications of human interleukin for DA cells and leukemia inhibitory factor in embryology, we searched for the presence of this soluble cytokine in the supernatant of Vero cell coculture systems. Using a bioassay as well as a specific ELISA, we demonstrated that Vero cells are able to release large quantities of human interleukin for DA cells and leukemia inhibitory factor in the embryo-growing medium of such cocultures.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Benign atypical cysts of the kidney: MRI aspects].

The aim of this study was to assess the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of 13 benign complex renal cysts using T1 and T2-weighted images and contrast-enhanced images. The results have been compared to CT and ultrasonographic findings in all cases and correlated with histopathologic data in 12 cases. Five groups have been defined according to the MR features. Group 1: homogeneous low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and homogeneous high signal intensity on T2-weighted images mimicking simple cyst (n = 2); group 2: homogeneous high signal intensity on both T1 and T2-weighted images mimicking hemorrhagic cyst (n = 1); group 3: caracterised by high signal intensity on T1-weighted images and fluid-iron level on T2-weighted images (n = 3); group 4: characterised by fluid-iron level on both T1 and T2-weighted images (n = 3); group 5: pseudotumoral feature: heterogeneous signal intensity and/or wall contrast enhancement (n = 3). Among the 13 indeterminate lesions on ultrasonography and CT, MRI was of diagnostic value in 8 cases, whereas the 5 remaining cases remained indeterminate on MR images. Our results suggest that MRI can be useful in the diagnosis of benign complex cyst of the kidney presenting as indeterminate cystic lesion on other modalities.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Contribution of x-ray computed tomography in the diagnosis of cervical suppuration].

The authors report their experience with computed tomography (CT) in 27 cases of cervical suppurations. The diagnosis was confirmed surgically in 24 cases and by the improvement of clinical signs and CT after antibiotics in 3. Two types of CT features were identified: collected abscesses (n = 22) visualized as encapsulated heterogeneous hypodense formations and extensive suppurative cellulitis (n = 5) formed by large diffuse hypodense collections without a clearly visible peripheral wall. The extension of the suppurative process could be evaluated precisely with CT, especially in certain anatomic areas where physical examination is difficult including mediastinal suppurations (n = 2), extension of parapharyngeal suppurations to the retrostyleal area (n = 1), and pterygo-maxillary and epidural collections (1 each) the latter in combination with a tuberculous abscess. Computed tomography is also useful in the etiological diagnosis (search for foreign body, cystic malformations, tuberculosis) and in post-treatment follow-up to visualize the absence of collections after cure in cases of favourable outcome and to determine the extent of the suppurative process in case of complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Imaging of parathyroid glands].

Ultrasonography (US) has become the gold standard of the preoperative detection of parathyroid masses. Provided that it is performed by sonographists aware of the normal and pathological anatomy of the neck, US can detect more than 80 per cent of the parathyroid masses. Ectopic masses, especially when they are intramediastinal, are rare but their diagnoses rely on more sophisticated procedures such as TI-Tc scintigraphy, CT, arteriography, MR, superselective venoius sampling. The specialized surgeons emphasize the lack of reliability of parathyroid US because of its operator-dependance. However, the accuracy of the technique enables some new treatments, percutaneous alcoolization and focal surgery under local anesthesia. One can regret that US is too often used as a diagnostic criterion of hyperparathyroidism, but this trend is explainable because of the difficulty to interpret monosymptomatic hypercalcaemia, especially in the elderly. The contribution of diagnostic imaging is undoubtfully worthwhile in persisting or recurrent hyperparathyroidisms, which are more often related with intracervical masses than with intramediastinal ones.

Angiography↗