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Biomedical subjects

J F Mayberry

Publications and source records attributed to J F Mayberry.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Low incidence of ulcerative colitis and proctitis in Bangladeshi migrants in Britain.

To assess the incidence of ulcerative colitis and proctitis in a defined migrant population, a retrospective, epidemiological community study was performed in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets from 1972 to 1989. The population of 164,000 includes 28,000 Bangladeshis. Potential cases were identified from hospital departments of pathology and medical records. There were 107 cases of ulcerative colitis in Europeans and 5 in Bangladeshis. There were 74 and 2 cases of proctitis in these communities, respectively. The mean standardised incidence of ulcerative colitis in Bangladeshis (1.8 cases/10(5)/year) was marginally lower than in Europeans (6.2 cases/10(5)/year, Z = 0.7, n.s.). The mean standardised incidence of proctitis in Bangladeshis was 0.6 cases/10(5)/year and in Europeans 3.2 cases/10(5)/year (Z = 0.6 n.s.). Anatomical extent of colitis was similar in all ethnic communities, although complications were less likely in minority groups. These findings suggest that the incidence of ulcerative colitis and proctitis in Bangladeshis, in Britain, is amongst the lowest in the world.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Sexual dysfunction amongst women with Crohn's disease: a hidden problem.

The sexual problems of 50 women with Crohn's disease, of whom 45 had a stable relationship, were investigated by structured interview and compared with age-matched controls. Twenty-four percent patients had either infrequent or no intercourse compared with 4% of controls (chi 2 = 8.3, p < 0.005). However, amongst patients and controls who were sexually active, the frequency of intercourse was similar. Reasons for sexual inactivity included abdominal pain (24%), diarrhoea (20%) and fear of faecal incontinence (14%). Dyspareunia was common in patients (chi 2 = 6.5, p < 0.01) and this was irrespective of the site of disease (large vs. small bowel chi 2 = 0.85, NS). Women with perianal disease and fistulae were more likely to have dyspareunia than women with neither (chi 2 = 4.2, p < 0.05), although this was not so for less extensive involvement with only perianal disease (chi 2 = 2.8, NS) or fistulae (chi 2 = 0.8, NS). Vaginal candidiasis was more common in patients (chi 2 = 5.8, p < 0.02), and on occasions this may have contributed to dyspareunia. Women with Crohn's disease experience sexual problems much more than healthy controls and they need support, sympathetic investigation and management.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Education and young people with inflammatory bowel disease.

Children and their parents are often anxious that chronic disease may interfere with examination performance. The provision within schools for children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was investigated by a postal survey of headteachers of 98 schools with over 48,000 pupils in Leicestershire and Cardiff. Headteachers in Cardiff were more likely to have heard of ulcerative colitis (95%) than those in Leicestershire (70%), (X2 = 4.5, p less than 0.05). They knew of 16 children with inflammatory bowel disease. The majority of heads provide easy access to lavatories during examinations and would tell the examining body of a child's medical problem. While most heads would like more information about inflammatory bowel disease, few have facilities to inform teachers about chronic illness in young people. Most think healthy young people should be provided with information about chronic diseases, which they would like provided by nurses. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects over 1200 children in the United Kingdom. Children and their parents are concerned that these conditions will interfere with schooling, taking examinations and their employment (Rees et al 1983, Wyke et al 1988). Provisions by schools for children with IBD were investigated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Dietary fats and inflammatory bowel disease in Asians.

Chemically processed, hydrogenated fats, such as margarine, have been implicated in the aetiology of inflammatory bowel disease. Toxic by-products may occur in their production or during frying and cooking. A survey of dietary oil usage was conducted among Asians in Leicester, comparing inflammatory bowel disease patients with healthy controls. Two groups were comparable for age, sex, religion, place of birth, number of years spent in Britain and vegetarian status. There were no significant differences in actual oils used between healthy controls and patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease (chi 2 = 0.142 and 1.803 respectively, p greater than 0.50). However patients with Crohn's disease were found to recycle their cooking oil significantly more often than age and sex-matched colitics (p less than 0.05) and particularly age and sex-matched controls (p less than 0.01). A similar study needs to be conducted in India where the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease is low. If this difference is confirmed a programme of health education in cooking habits could lower the incidence of Crohn's disease.

Dietary Fats↗
PubMed1992

Epidemiology of Crohn's disease in Indian migrants and the indigenous population in Leicestershire.

A retrospective, epidemiological community study of Crohn's disease was performed in Leicestershire from 1972 to 1989. The county population of 930,000 includes 93,000 South Asians. Potential cases were identified from hospital departments of pathology, endoscopy and medical records, in addition to general practitioners. There were 582 cases in Europeans and 28 in South Asians. The incidence of Crohn's disease in Europeans and South Asians has increased, particularly in Muslims. The standardized incidence in South Asians during the 1980s was 2.4/10(5)/year in Hindus, 3.4/10(5)/year in Sikhs and 5.4/10(5)/year in Muslims. The standardized incidence in Europeans has risen significantly to 4.7/10(5)/year from 3.4/10(5)/year in the 1970s (chi 2 = 8.1, p less than 0.005). In Leicester this increase can be accounted for entirely by new cases of colonic disease. All ethnic groups had a similar disease distribution. Small bowel disease was inversely associated with age, whilst colonic disease increased with age. However, the difference in age-specific incidence of Crohn's disease for different age bands at various sites was not significant. Overall, Hindus have a much lower incidence of Crohn's disease than Europeans.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Achalasia and diet: assessment of the effect of achalasia on the diet of patients and their spouses.

The effect of achalasia on the diet of patients and their spouses was investigated using a validated questionnaire. The discordance between the diet of the patients and their respective spouses was compared with matched controls. There is no statistically significant difference between the discordance of case couples and control couples. Patients with achalasia, and their spouses, eat a normal diet.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Are we wasting time in out-patients departments?

Patients and people accompanying them to out-patient departments face an inevitable wait. We investigated the time people have to wait and if they would be interested in health education during that period. We discovered that patients want health education in the form of both videos and leaflets, but not posters. Patients and those accompanying them are particularly interested in heart disease and its prevention.

Data Interpretation, Statistical↗
PubMed1991

Information requirements and sedation preferences of patients undergoing endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract.

Patients' attitudes to sedation and their information needs before undergoing endoscopy were investigated using a questionnaire. One hundred and two patients completed the study; 32 had undergone endoscopy before. Sixty-six (94%) of the new patients and all follow-up patients knew why they were undergoing the procedure; 65 (93%) new and 28 (88%) follow-up patients understood how the procedure was carried out. Forty-one percent of the new and 25% of the follow-up patients wanted an information booklet about their disease and its management. Most patients chose to be sedated during the endoscopy. The proportion wishing to be sedated did not differ significantly between the new and follow-up patient groups. Sedation and information should be offered to all patients undergoing endoscopy.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1991

The practice of rectal examination.

Rectal (both digital and rigid sigmoidoscopic) examination is an important part of the clinical examination. The aim of this study was to find out the opinions of the patients to this routine examination at the time of referral by their general practitioner and during their first hospital interview. Assessment of the value for the rectal examination was also examined. We questioned 103 patients attending their second out-patient interview through a simple questionnaire. We discovered that patients considered awareness and explanation important: patients preferred to be told of the possibility of rectal examination prior to hospital consultation. Explanation of the method and reason was expected from hospital doctors. Formal consent was expected; informed verbal consent should be sufficient. Where logistically possible, a chaperone should always be present. Rectal examination would have facilitated the diagnosis in 47% of the patients examined. Thus, rectal examination should be performed on all patients where symptoms are referable to the lower gastrointestinal tract and where a possible diagnosis may be made or facilitated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Inflammatory bowel disease in Indian migrants in Fiji.

A pilot study to estimate the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in Fiji is reported. Data from 1985 and 1986 for Indian migrants, Melanesians and other groups show the incidence of ulcerative colitis was 1.7/10(5)/year, in Indians, 0.15/10(5)/year in Melanesians and 1.4/10(5)/year in others. The minimum incidence of Crohn's disease is 0.14/10(5)/year. Indians are at significantly greater risk than Melanesians of developing ulcerative colitis.

Colitis, Ulcerative↗
PubMed1991

Inflammatory bowel disease: patients' expectations in the 1990s.

A group of 70 patients with inflammatory bowel disease were asked to complete a questionnaire about their disease counselling preferences, 59 replied. Seventy-five per cent wanted further advice about their disease. Of these, 60% wished to receive the advice by discussion with a trained advisor. Seventy-six per cent wanted this person to be a hospital specialist, but 50% would accept advice from a specialty trained nurse. Eighty-six per cent would like this in conjunction with 'same day' telephone advice from a hospital specialist and 85% of patients wish to be taught how to adjust their own therapy. There is an increasingly important role for nurse counsellors in the management of these diseases.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1991

Patients' views on how to run hospital outpatient clinics.

To investigate patients' views and expectations when attending outpatient clinics a questionnaire-based study was performed. The questionnaires asked about appointment systems, continuity of care, staff appearance, chaperons and medical students. Patients wanted fixed appointment times, to see the same doctor on successive visits, for the staff to be formally dressed and to have chaperons during examination. The number of medical students should be restricted especially for women patients. Staff should be sensitive to patients' needs.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1991

First aid and first aiders who work in health food, processing and light engineering in Nottingham.

One hundred and forty nine first aiders working in a health authority, 26 in a light engineering company and 35 in food processing plants completed an anonymous questionnaire about their training and first aid work. Information was also gathered on views about its value, the role of cash bonuses and its promotion amongst other staff. The response rate was 88%. The majority of first aiders were in their 30s and had practised first aid for less than a decade. At least 80% intended to revalidate their certificate and continue to practise. First aid was used most in food processing plants and least in the health authority. Offers of help had seldom been refused. Over 90% of respondents thought first aid was worthwhile.

Data Collection↗