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Biomedical subjects

J F Kennedy

Publications and source records attributed to J F Kennedy.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Therapist gender and the same-sex puberty age psychotherapy group.

Puberty is considered to be the most difficult developmental period to conduct psychotherapy. Group psychotherapy has special appeal for pubescents because of the anxiety experienced in individual psychotherapy with adults, and the mutual identification and support experienced with groups of same-sex peers. Although pubescents readily form cohesive groups, the emotional stress for the group therapists is intense and many therapists are reluctant to take on such groups. Close attention to the principles of developmental ego psychology suggests that pubescent groups will be more effective if conducted by group therapists of the same sex as the patients.

Gender Identity↗
PubMed1987

Studies on benzyl acetate. III. The percutaneous absorption and disposition of [methylene-14C]benzyl acetate in the rat.

[methylene-14C]Benzyl acetate was applied over an area of 6.25, 12 or 18 cm2 to the shaved backs of male Fischer 344 rats under an occlusive dressing at dose levels of 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg. The compound was administered either as the neat substance or as a 50% (v/v) solution in ethanol. After 6 hr the dressing was removed, the shaven area was washed with ethanol and the dressing and washings were counted for 14C. Urine and faeces were collected for 72 hr from the start of treatment and urinary metabolites were assayed by radio-TLC and HPLC. Following administration of the neat compound, a significant proportion of the dose was recovered from the application site (28-48%) and a similar proportion (28-46%) was absorbed and excreted in the 0-24-hr urine. Excretion of 14C in the urine over 0-24 hr accounted for c. 95% of absorbed 14C in all cases, and total recovery of radioactivity was 79-84% with less than 2% of the dose present in the carcass at the end of the experiments. The extent of absorption of benzyl acetate per unit area of skin, as assessed by the recovery of its metabolites in urine, rose with increasing concentration (mg/cm2) of the test compound on the skin. The absorption of topically applied benzyl acetate was essentially the same when the dose was administered in a 50% ethanolic solution. In all cases, the major urinary metabolite was hippuric acid (c. 95% of urinary 14C), together with much smaller amounts of benzoyl glucuronide, benzoic acid and benzylmercapturic acid. The distribution of 14C in the tissues was examined 6 and 24 hr after the topical application of 5 mg [methylene-14C]benzyl acetate/kg as a 1% (v/v) solution in ethanol to rats. Radioactivity in all carcasses was less than 4% of the administered dose and levels in all the organs examined were lower at 24 than at 6 hr.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Results of microsurgical treatment of tubal infertility and early second-look laparoscopy in the post-pelvic inflammatory disease patient: implications for in vitro fertilization.

Sixty-nine patients with tubal infertility secondary to pelvic inflammatory disease were surgically treated by one of three infertility surgeons, who used microsurgery for repair of the tubal pathologic condition and early second-look laparoscopy 6 to 30 days postoperatively for lysis of postoperative adhesions. No patient was included in this group whose disease was thought to have originated from endometriosis or prior abdominal surgery. The average follow-up time was 43.1 months (range 12 to 85.9). Nine patients were excluded from the analysis. Pregnancy outcome by procedure, expressed as the percentage of patients conceiving, was as follows: adhesiolysis, 69% (61% term, 8% ectopic); fimbrioplasty, 35% (25% term, 10% ectopic); salpingostomy, 30% (18% term, 12% ectopic); and cornual implantation, 60% (40% term, 20% ectopic). No added therapeutic value could be attributed to the use of early second-look laparoscopy. Given the relatively poor outcome of fimbrioplasty and salpingostomy, it may be prudent to advise patients with bilateral partial and/or total tubal occlusion against tuboplasty in favor of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.

Embryo Transfer↗
PubMed1986

Studies on benzyl acetate. II. Use of specific metabolic inhibitors to define the pathway leading to the formation of benzylmercapturic acid in the rat.

Specific metabolic inhibitors were used to define the route of metabolism of benzyl acetate leading to the formation of benzylmercapturic acid. Male Fischer 344 rats were dosed by gavage with [methylene-14C]benzyl acetate (500 mg/kg) alone or together with pyrazole (200 mg/kg), pentachlorophenol (10 mg/kg) or both pentachlorophenol (10 mg/kg) and pyrazole (200 mg/kg), given in each case ip. Urine and faeces were collected and urinary metabolites were assayed by radio-TLC and HPLC. The excretion of 14C was rapid in all cases, with most of the dose excreted in the urine within 24 hr. Co-administration of pyrazole (an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase) with benzyl acetate caused an 11-fold increase in the excretion of benzylmercapturic acid and halved the percentage of the dose excreted as benzoyl glucuronide. Pretreatment with pentachlorophenol, an inhibitor of sulphotransferase activity in vivo, abolished the excretion of benzylmercapturic acid, while excretion of the mercapturate following treatment with both pyrazole and pentachlorophenol was higher than in control or pentachlorophenol-treated rats, but much lower than in the animals given pyrazole alone. Taken together, these results suggest very strongly that the formation of benzylmercapturic acid involves the sulphate ester of benzyl alcohol as an obligatory intermediate and does not appear to involve a metabolic intermediate with sufficient reactivity to have toxicological relevance.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed1985

Faecal sulphatase in health and in inflammatory bowel disease.

Histochemical studies have shown a relative depletion of colonic sulphated mucins (sulphomucins) in active ulcerative colitis. One possible explanation for this could be desulphation by bacterial sulphatases. Studies have therefore been done to determine whether normal faeces contain sulphatase and if so to determine whether this activity is increased in ulcerative colitis. Using a fluorimetric assay considerable sulphatase activity (greater than 0.3 IU/g pellet weight) was found in bacteria free filtrates of the homogenates of nine of 17 faecal samples from healthy controls. This sulphatase activity had an alkaline pH optimum (pH 8.5-9.5). A similar range of faecal sulphatase activity with a similar pH optimum was found in samples from patients with ulcerative colitis (n = 39) and Crohn's disease (n = 17) and there was no correlation with disease activity in either disease. This faecal sulphatase activity may be involved in the degradation of colonic mucus and merits further study but these findings do not explain the relative depletion of colonic mucosal sulphomucins in ulcerative colitis.

Colitis, Ulcerative↗
PubMed1985

Faecal mucus degrading glycosidases in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.

Because the normal faecal flora includes bacteria which can produce mucus-digesting glycosidases, it follows that increased digestion of colonic mucus by these bacterial enzymes could be important in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. Faecal activities of potential mucus-degrading glycosidases have therefore been assayed in samples from patients with inflammatory bowel disease and normal controls. The enzymes alpha-D-galactosidase, beta-D-galactosidase, beta-NAc-D-glucosaminidase alpha-L-fucosidase and neuraminidase were assayed. Considerable glycosidase activity was present in most faecal samples. Similar activities of all the enzymes assayed were found in faeces from patients with ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and normal controls and there was no significant correlation with disease activity. These results imply that relapse of ulcerative colitis is not initiated by increased degradation of colonic mucus by faecal glycosidases but do not exclude a role for bacterial mucus degradation in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1983

Immunochemical studies of the non-specific interactions of cyanogen bromide-activated macroporous agarose-based immunoadsorbents.

This paper reports studies of the origin of the undesirable non-specific adsorption in immunoadsorption chromatography. The non-specificity of cyanogen bromide (CNBr)-activated macroporous agarose (Sepharose 4B)-based immunoadsorbents has been assessed from a comparative study of the following parameters: (1) The non-specific adsorption of protein (IgG) on unsubstituted cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose 4B. (2) The non-specific adsorption of proteins (human serum IgG and sheep IgG) on cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose 4B-sheep IgG immunoadsorbent. (3) The non-specific adsorption of proteins, immunoglobulin G(IgG) and human serum albumin (HSA) on cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose 4B-sheep anti-human IgG immunoadsorbent and (4) the non-specific adsorption of peptides and amino acids on cyanogen-bromide activated Sepharose 4B-sheep anti-human IgG immunoadsorbent.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1983

The use of alginate ester films on solid supports in the preparation of water-insoluble immunoadsorbents for purification of antigens.

A novel method developed for the preparation of immunoadsorbents is based on the technique of coating potential column supports with a propylene glycol alginate ester film created by emulsion polymerisation. The cross-linking of the film with 1,2-diaminoethane in alkaline solution resulted in a water-permeable but water-insoluble film which was stable at high pH. Sheep anti-(human IgG) was subsequently coupled to the cyanogen-bromide-activated film and the resultant immunoadsorbents were used to purify IgG from whole human serum. The production of the film-coated supports, chemical coupling of antibody and the chromatographic characteristics of four alginate-film-coated supports are described. With the use of Sepharose--alginate-ester--sheep-anti-(human IgG) immunoadsorbent the overall yield for IgG from five serial adsorption-elution cycles was 94% of the adsorbed IgG. This immunoadsorbent proved to be of high binding capacity and allowed the elution of specific antigen in almost 100% yield and high purity with minimal non-specific interference from other serum proteins.

Alginates↗
PubMed1983

Isolation of thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) by immunoadsorption chromatography: some physical and immunochemical characteristics of TBG.

Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) was isolated from pooled whole human serum by diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) Sephadex anion exchange chromatography followed by immunoadsorption chromatography on a cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose 4B-sheep anti-human TBG immunoadsorbent. Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)-poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of the purified TBG revealed a major protein band with a molecular mass of 65 000 and a weak band of molecular mass 54 000 in both reducing and non-reducing buffers. Sedimentation velocity analysis revealed an S20,w coefficient of 4.5S and a calculated molecular mass of 60 000. Immunochemical analysis confirmed the purity of the TBG preparation which gave a single precipitin peak on two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1983

An automated Elson-Morgan assay for 2-amino-2-deoxy-hexoses, with increased sensitivity.

The Elson-Morgan assay for 2-amino-2-deoxyhexoses, despite its many modifications, can still give variable results because of slight variations in reaction conditions. An automated method is reported which uses microgram samples and provides greater sensitivity than hitherto possible. The use of sodium orthophosphate and optimisation of the concentrations of the reagents provide conditions that are more stable, and results that are more reliable, than any previously reported.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1983

Glucose absorption from starch hydrolysates in the human jejunum.

The intestinal absorption and mucosal hydrolysis of a partial and a complete alpha-amylase hydrolysate of corn starch, simulating the normal intermediary and end products of luminal starch digestion, was studied using an in vivo steady state jejunal perfusion technique in normal human subjects. Alpha-amylase was excluded from the test segment by proximal balloon occlusion. Products of hydrolysis during intestinal perfusion were identified using gel permeation chromatography. Three isocaloric, isotonic sugar saline solutions containing 140 mM glucose, 70 mM maltose and the partial amylase hydrolysate of starch (51.5 +/- 1.4% of glucose content comprising glucose polymers of more than 10 glucose units) were perfused in the first study. Net glucose absorption during perfusion of the partial hydrolysate and free glucose was similar, but significantly faster from maltose (p less than 0.05). Hydrolysis of the polymer fraction containing more than 10 glucose units was significantly slower (29.5 +/- 2.0% of infused load) than the lower molecular weight fraction (56.4 +/- 3.8%, p less than 0.001). As net glucose absorption from the partial hydrolysate was similar to that from glucose, despite the slow hydrolysis of the higher molecular weight fraction, it seemed likely that oligosaccharides in the more rapidly hydrolysed lower molecular weight fractions were exerting a kinetic advantage on glucose absorption. This was confirmed in a second study, where glucose absorption from a complete amylase hydrolysate consisting predominantly of maltose, maltotriose and alpha-limit dextrins, occurred significantly faster (81.8 +/- 4.8 mmol/h/25 cm) than from isocaloric free glucose (55.8 +/- 4.9 mmol/h/25 cm, p less than 0.001). Chromatograms of intestinal aspirates suggested that (1->4), but not 1->6) linked oligosaccharides liberated during luminal and brush-border hydrolysis of dietary starch conferred a kinetic advantage on glucose absorption.

Adult↗