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Biomedical subjects

J F Kelly

Publications and source records attributed to J F Kelly.

102 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1970

An extinction-induced increase in an aggressive response with humans.

Nine subjects, 14 to 18 yr old, pulled a knob on a schedule of monetary reinforcement. Concurrently, they escaped or avoided periodic presentations of a tone by pressing a button that required 1.5 lb (6.67 N) of force or by punching a padded cushion that required 20 lb (88.96 N) of force. The punching response was designated as an aggressive response because the force of this response together with its topography was comparable to responses of humans that deface objects and produce escape or counter aggression from other humans. It was found that button pressing was the preferred concurrent avoidance response and there were few punches. However, when the monetary reinforcer was discontinued (extinction) punching increased for seven of the nine subjects, but there was no consistent change in the rate of button pressing. When the punching response was replaced by another non-preferred but non-aggressive response, neither this response nor button pressing increased during extinction. Hence, the increase in punching during extinction cannot be attributed solely to the fact that it was a concurrent response or a non-preferred response.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Abnormal feathers of the micromelic syndrome in White pekin ducks.

In an effort to provide further information concerning the pleiotropic effects of the gene mutation responsible for micromelia in White Pekin ducklings, a histological examination was made oq the abnormal feathers associated with the mutation. Abnormalities found in mutant feathers included decreased overall size, absence of prelumulae and prefiloplumulae feathers, an abnoramlly small rhachis with a disproportionally small medulla, thickening of the feather-sheath, and increased abundance of pulp cells. Embryos having the most abnormally developed feathers and the thickest periderm and feather-sheaths. The nature of many of the abnormalities found in mutant feathers suggests a common source in defective embryonic mesoderm.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sequential quantitative radionuclide evaluation of mandibular bone graft repair.

We have developed a noninvasive method to derive quantitative radionuclide data from images of grafted beagle dog mandibles. This method includes an accurate means for localizing the graft in sequential radionuclide images. The resultant data permit quantitative confirmation of the progress of osseous repair in the grafted bones. With this method, it is possible to compare bone repair activity between experimental subjects and also between selected zones within individual bones and thus objectively define the pattern of repair that occurred in various anatomic regions of the grafted mandible.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The management of patients with sulfonamide allergy.

To illustrate the variety of clinical strategies that may be used in treatment of patients allergic to sulfa medications, we report the management of eight sulfa allergic patients, seven of whom required readministration of the sulfa drug. Slow oral readministration of a sulfonamide over the course of four weeks was successful in two patients who had a history of cutaneous reactions to sulfa use and did not require sulfa urgently. Rapid oral or intravenous readministration of a sulfonamide was attempted unsuccessfully in three patients, each of whom urgently needed continuation of a sulfa drug. Occasionally a sulfa drug must be continued despite the presence of a cutaneous drug eruption secondary to that drug. In four patients, including two of the patients in whom rapid test dosing of a sulfonamide had been unsuccessful, treatment of the sulfa reaction with corticosteroids and antihistamines permitted continued sulfa administration. Readministration of a sulfonamide should not be attempted in patients who previously have had reactions such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome unless essential for survival of a patient.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of cholesterol content in diet on capillary flow of rat erythrocytes. Part I: geometric and flow characteristics.

Four different groups of male Fisher rats were placed on one of the following diets for a period of one month: normal (control) diet, high cholesterol (HC) diet, high saturated fat (HF) diet and low fat (LF) diet. Subsequently, blood samples were drawn and washed in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and the red cells were resuspended in the same buffer. These samples were introduced into a polycarbonate capillary flow system and their flow characteristics observed. In addition, the mean cell volumes (MCV) in isotonic PBS and the maximum swollen cell volume (MCVmax) in hypotonic PBS were determined using a Coulter counter. From these, the mean surface area (MSA) and the excess surface area (ESA) were calculated. It was found that rats on a high cholesterol diet develop erythrocyte geometric characteristics which should contribute to improved capillary flow, namely, a decreased mean cell volume and an increased excess surface area. Nevertheless, in these rats a decreased capillary flow was observed as indicated by an increase in mean cell transit time, MCTT, and an appreciable drop in the number of cells per second passing through the capillary flow system. The flow and geometric properties of the high saturated fat and low fat fed rats did not differ significantly from those of the control group.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of cholesterol content in diet on capillary flow of rat erythrocytes. Part II: mechanical properties.

Erythrocytes from male Fisher 344 rats on a high cholesterol diet (HC) exhibited a decreased ability to flow through capillaries when compared with those on a normal diet (control), a phenomenon which could not be explained by changes in geometric characteristics. To explain these results, changes in capillary-dependent rheological characteristics and intrinsic mechanical properties of red blood cells (RBC) due to diet were calculated. The hematocrit deficit in the capillary with respect to the reservoir was greater in the high cholesterol diet fed rats than in the control ones. This was attributed to an overall decrease in red cell deformability which, in turn, was related to an increase in the membrane shear viscosity, the cytoplasmic viscosity, the membrane shear modulus of elasticity, and the membrane bending rigidity. By an independent calculation, we determined that the shear modulus of elasticity increased with a high cholesterol diet. The changes in both the capillary hematocrit deficit and the shear modulus of elasticity with a high cholesterol diet were found to be statistically significant (p < or = 0.05).

Animals↗