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Biomedical subjects

J F Delfraissy

Publications and source records attributed to J F Delfraissy.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Depressed primary in vitro antibody response in rheumatoid arthritis.

We have studied the primary in vitro antibody response toward a hapten in cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes from twenty-two patients suffering from regular rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These patients were not receiving immunosuppressive drugs or corticosteroids and had not taken Aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents for at least 72 hr. The control groups included thirty-two healthy subjects and twenty-seven control patients. The mean anti-TNP response of the RA patients was significantly lower than that of both control groups. No pre-existing anti-TNP or IgG response could be detected. A search for suppressor cells in co-cultures of RA and normal lymphocytes was negative. On the contrary, the extent of allogeneic enhancement in such co-cultures was comparable to that observed when control lymphocytes were co-cultured. RA serum added to normal lymphocytes cultures showed a dramatic inhibitory effect in only two out of nine cases. A follow-up study has strongly suggested that RA lymphocytes could increase their in vitro antibody response upon treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[In vitro study of the primary antibody response of circulating lymphocytes in patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatism].

We have studied the in vitro antibody response to a hapten of peripheral blood lymphocytes from 26 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 7 ankylosing spondylitis. These patients had never received immunosuppressor drugs before or corticosteroids during the month before the test. They had failed to receive aspirin or non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs for 72 hours before blood sampling. The control groups included respectively 38 healthy subjects and 24 patients hospitalized for non inflammatory disease. The antibody response of ankylosing spondylitis patients is comparable to that of controls ; on the opposite the response of patients with rhumatoid arthritis is significantly depressed in comparison with the three other groups. The weak response of lymphocytes in arthritis is not due to increased cell death in culture or to modified kinetics of the antibody response or to the appearance of a IgG secondary type response or a in vivo pre-activation. The lymphocytes of arthritis patients do not inhibit the response of normal lymphocytes when they are co-cultured. The observed response is identical to that obtained when control patient lymphocytes are co-cultured with normal lymphocytes. The function of suppressor T cells induced by Con A seems normal in spondylitis and arthritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Regulation of the primary in vitro antibody response in human peripheral blood lymphocytes: different effects of mitogen-induced and spontaneous T suppressor cells.

The specific response of human peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures to TNP-polyacrylamide was suppressed by the addition of concanavalin A (Con A). A dose of Con A (0.5 microgram/ml) could be selected, which induced a reproducible but incomplete suppression independent of the magnitude of the anti-TNP response. Con A-stimulated cells could transfer the suppression to autologous or allogeneic responding cells. The suppressor activity was present in the E-rosette forming cell fraction and was abolished by mitomycin C treatment prior to incubation. With a particular batch of foetal bovine serum, spontaneous suppressor cells were produced which suppressed the response of autologous and allogeneic lymphocytes. In allogenic mixtures, the otherwise enhancing allogeneic effect was replaced by a marked suppression from spontaneous suppressor cells. This suppression was higher than that exerted on autologous lymphocytes, suggesting that an unexpected negative allogenic effect had taken place. Spontaneous suppressors were ineffective when added on day 2 of a culture responding to TNP-polyacrylamide, whereas Con A induced suppressors were fully effective.

Acrylamides↗
PubMed1977

[Primary dissecting aneurysm of the renal artery with hypertension].

Dissecting aneurysms of the renal artery are the most common site of peripheral dissections without aortic involvement. The problems posed by this condition are analysed in the light of a personal cases and 52 in the literature. The onset in a young man of sudden loin pain followed shortly after by hypertension is suggestive of obstruction of a renal artery. The diagnosis can be confirmed only by arteriography, if the findings are sufficiently clearcut, which is not invariably the case. Surgical treatment gives good results and our own case clearly indicates the immediate and definitive relief of hypertension by nephrectomy. However the decision regarding surgery must take into account the possibility of recurrent peripheral lesions and of the possible reversibility of hypertension under the influence of medical treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Primary in vitro antibody response from human peripheral blood lymphocytes.

A method for the induction of a primary in vitro antibody response from human peripheral blood lymphocytes is presented. Upon cultivation with trinitrophenyl conjugated polyacrylamide beads (TNP-PAA), an anti-TNP response can be obtained as indicated by the appearance of direct plaque-forming cells from day 5 of culture, with a reproducible peak on day 8. These plaques correspond to cells actively producing antibody of the IgM type, as shown by their inhibition by cycloheximide and by anti-human IgM serum, but not by anti-human Fc gamma serum. Their specificity for the TNP hapten can be demonstrated by the effector cell blockade phenomenon, with highly substituted TNP-human IgG. Although the anti-TNP response induced by TNP-PAA in mouse spleen cell cultures appears T independent the same response in human PBL may involve in addition the participation of T cells, since E-RFC depletion before culture led to a markedly decreased number of plaque-forming cells. A significant response could be obtained from the PBL of all of the 30 normal individuals tested. Importantly, the response was reproducible in its magnitude in the six individuals tested in at least three different experiments. Thus, the in vitro stimulation of human PBL by TNP-PAA can be proposed as a reliable test for the study of human B cell function in a specific primary antibody response.

Acrylamides↗
PubMed1976

[Primary antibody response in vitro of human blood lymphocytes].

A method for the induction of a primary in vitro antibody response toward a hapten, using human blood lymphocytes is presented. The stimulation of human lymphomonocytic cells with trinitrophenyl (TNP) conjugates of polyacrylamide beads elicits the production of IgM antibody forming cells specific for TNP, with a peak on day 7-day 9. The response is reproducible in its magnitude in the same individual. This model should facilitate clinical and fundamental studies of human antibody response.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1976

[A special form of lupus disease. Deep cutaneous lupus. Apropos of 2 cases].

Deep cutaneous lupus is a clinical form of lupus disease for which a very old description has recently been brought up to date. Two new cases are reported here and a review of the literature makes it possible to analyse the clinical, biochemical, histological, and immunological features of this panniculitis. Different from the Weber-Christian syndrome, it is characterized by repeated eruptions of nodules and/or subcutaneous plaques, and histologically by vasculitis, lymphocyte infiltration, and sometimes te presence of immunoglobulins on the basal dermal membrane and around the vessels.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1975

[Immunofluorescence study of bacteriuria. A new technic for the localization of urinary infection].

The detection by immunofluorescence of immunoglobulins fixed to the wall of urinary bacteria makes it possible to localise the site of the urinary infection. The presence of immunoglobulins was noted in 18 out of 19 patients with a high urinary tract infection involving the renal parenchyma. They were absent in 25 out of 28 subjects with a lower urinary tract infection. The three apparently discordant positive reaction involved 1 case of prostatitis and two cases in which the diagnosis of pyelonephritis was made later. In the case of renal involvement, these immunoglobulins, essentially IgG, are seen with greater frequency than humoral antibodies. Whilst the biological significance of these immunoglobulins remains uncertain, their existence probably being a reflection of parenchymatous inflammation, this nevertheless is a new and, apparently, reliable, method for the determination of the site of an infective process.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pleuropulmonary manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus].

Pleuro-pulmonary manifestations are frequent in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), being found in 40 to 70% of patients with this disease. However, these manifestations can be attributed to SLE only when other pathologies, and notably infections, have been excluded. The truly SLE-related pleuro-pulmonary manifestations can be divided into five types: pleurisy, interstitial pneumonia, lupus pneumonia and two new entities: diffuse pulmonary haemorrhage and pulmonary arterial hypertension. The most frequent manifestation, pleurisy, only requires symptomatic treatment combined with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Corticosteroids are seldom necessary, but they must be used in lupus pneumonia or in diffuse interstitial pneumonia, owing to the severity and potentially poor prognosis of these two manifestations. Pulmonary haemorrhage is a serious and probably underestimated manifestation; it is diagnosed by bronchoalveolar lavage which also enables other causes, in particular infections, to be excluded. As soon as the aetiological diagnosis is made, high-dose corticosteroid therapy, usually combined with immunosuppressants, is mandatory. Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a classical, but hitherto unrecognized manifestation of SLE which benefits from new exploratory techniques, such as doppler-ultrasonography. At present, its diagnosis rests on data supplied by cardiac catheterization which is generally performed too late, making it irreversible and resistant to all treatments. Some of these pleuro-pulmonary manifestations are probably underestimated and they require new methods of investigation, such as bronchoalveolar lavage or doppler-ultrasonography, resulting in earlier diagnosis and treatment at an accessible stage.

Hemorrhage↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rapid and constant detection of HIV antibody response in saliva of HIV-infected patients; selective distribution of anti-HIV activity in the IgG isotype.

Anti-HIV antibodies can be specifically detected with a sensitivity and a specificity of 100% in the saliva of all HIV-infected patients. A saliva collection device facilitates the sampling procedure, and if a rapid test is used, the diagnosis of infection can be established in as little as 10 min. The analysis of a group of CDC stage IV AIDS patients showed a decrease in lactoferrin (produced by the oral mucosa) in comparison with HIV-negative controls, associated with an increase in albumin (filtering from plasma), indicating an alteration of the mucosal barrier. The salivary anti-HIV-gp160 activity was largely carried by the IgG isotype whereas the salivary antibacterial activity (anti-Streptococcus sobrinus; anti-LPS from Escherichia coli) remained located in the IgA isotype as usually observed with all infectious agents. Salivary IgG carried a specific anti-gp160 activity 25-fold higher than that of serum IgG. Thus, significant local synthesis of specific IgG by oral mucosa was revealed as a characteristic of HIV infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pharmacokinetics of interferon-alpha in pregnant women and fetoplacental passage.

Interferon (IFN) therapy is currently not approved for use during pregnancy. Two HIV-seropositive pregnant women, who were due to undergo abortion in the second trimester of pregnancy, were given a single intramuscular dose of IFN-alpha, with their informed consent. Blood samples were taken simultaneously from the mothers and fetuses, together with amniotic fluid. IFN was undetectable in the fetal blood and amniotic fluid in both cases. Pharmacokinetic parameters were similar to those in nonpregnant women. We conclude that maternal IFN-alpha during pregnancy should be safe for the fetus. The indications for IFN therapy in pregnancy could therefore be the same as those in the non-pregnant state.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lipodystrophy in 685 HIV-1-treated patients: influence of antiretroviral treatment and immunovirological response.

PURPOSE: To describe the clinical features in HIV-1-infected patients treated with protease inhibitors (PIs) or not, and to determine factors related to occurrence of lipodystrophy (LD). METHOD: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 685 treated HIV-1-infected patients that were routinely followed in 6 Paris hospital centers between January and May 1999. Demographic data, familial and personal vascular risk factors, history of antiretroviral treatment, HIV plasma viral load, CD4 cell count, and metabolic data were collected. Clinical examination was based on an assessment of changes in abdominal, dorso-cervical, and breast girth and wasting of the limbs, face, and skin as quoted by the clinician. RESULTS: The mean age at inclusion in the study was 38 years; 29.5% were women. At study assessment, 77.5% of patients were PI-treated and 22.5% had never received a PI. LD was observed in 403 (58.8%) patients, of whom 340 were currently receiving a PI and 63 had never received a PI. More than half of the lipodystrophic patients had a mixed form (53.9%), while 25.3% were classified as exclusive lipoatrophic and 20.8% as exclusive hypertrophic. In multivariate analysis, older age, duration of antiretroviral treatment (ART), antiretroviral combinations including stavudine, antiretroviral combinations including a PI, AIDS status, and a low HIV RNA were independently associated with occurrence of LD. CONCLUSION: LD is frequently observed in PI-treated patients, but it is also observed in patients receiving an ART regimen without PIs. Our study suggests different underlying mechanisms, because immunovirological response to treatment as well as certain therapies were linked to the occurrence of LD. This hypothesis would be best clarified in a large prospective cohort of naive patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Glomerular nephropathies and B virus: apropos of 4 cases in adults, with an immunofluorescence study and review of the literature].

The association of glomerulonephritis and persistent HBs antigenemia is reported in 4 adults with nephrotic syndrome: 2 cases of membranous glomerulonephritis associated with chronic persistent hepatitis and 2 cases of membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis associated with active cirrhosis. In 3 patients, all positive for HBsAg, anti-HBc and HBeAg by radioimmunoassay, indirect immunofluorescent study was performed on kidney and liver biopsies. Glomerular deposit of HBcAg was detected in two cases. HBsAg and HBcAg were not found in the liver. The pathogenesis of such glomerulonephritis remains uncertain and the role of HBs antigen-antibody circulating immune complexes is not clearly proved. Two patients were treated with vidarabine intravenously. Vidarabine produced a transitory decrease of HBsAg concentration in 2 cases and a transitory loss of DNA-polymerase activity associated with a decrease of HBeAg concentration in one case. Neither seroconversion nor improvement of the glomerular disease were ascertained.

Adult↗