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Biomedical subjects

J F Cooper

Publications and source records attributed to J F Cooper.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Experimental use of fluoroalkyl cyanoacrilate in ureteral anastomosis.

A fluorinated tissue adhesive Fluoroalkyl Cyanoacrilate has been used in end-to-end ureteral anastomoses as an adjunct to suture material to avoid urinary extravasation in seven dogs. A similar number of dogs served as controls. The urinary tracts were evaluated grossly, radiographically, and histologically after 3 to 12 months. Better anatomical results and less inflammatory reaction and fibrosis were found in the group submitted to the tissue adhesive.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

A radioimmunoassay for prostatic acid phosphatase.

A solid phase radioimmunoassay for human prostatic acid phosphatase has demonstrated substantially greater biochemical sensitivity than a standard enzymatic method for which p-nitrophenylphosphate was used as substrate. Preliminary data indicate that the radioimmunochemical approach can precisely classify 43% stage I-II and 94% stage III-IV prostate cancers. In contrast, the standard enzymatic methods correctly classified only 9% stage I-II and 46% stage III-IV cancers. It is clinically apparent that a radioimmunochemical approach for the measurement of human prostatic phosphatase may have distinct potential in the clinical diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1977

Detection of prostatic cancer by solid-phase radioimmunoassay of serum prostatic acid phosphatase.

We compared our radioimmunoassay with the standard enzyme assay for prostatic acid phosphatase in the diagnosis of prostatic cancer. Serum samples from 50 controls, 113 patients with prostatic cancer, 36 with benign prostatic hyperplasia, 83 with other cancers, 20 with gastrointestinal disorders and 28 with total prostatectomies were randomized and studied by radioimmunoassay and enzyme assay. When the upper limit was set at 8.0 ng per milliliter (mean + 4 S.D.) the radioimmunoassay diagnosed prostatic cancer in 33, 79, 71 and 92 per cent of the patients with Stage I, II, III and IV disease. In contrast, the enzyme assay detected elevations of enzyme in the serum of 12, 15, 29, and 60 per cent respectively. No false-positive results were detected by either assay in normal controls but the radioimmunoassay test was positive in two patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, in one patient after total prostatectomy, in nine with other cancers and in one of the group with gastrointestinal disorders. In contrast to the enzyme assay, the radioimmunoassay distinguished over half the cases of intracapsular prostatic cancer.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1977

Gamma A myeloma with hyperviscosity and obstructive uropathy.

A patient with gamma A myeloma, hyperviscosity and an obstructive uropathy is described. Operation revealed a proteinaceous mass obstructing the right renal pelvis. Immunoprecipitin and immunofluorescent analysis of this mass and concentrated urine demonstrated the presence of gamma A myeloma protein, kappa light chains and albumin. This is the first description of an obstructive uropathy in multiple myeloma owing to a proteinaceous matrix containing paraprotein.

Blood Viscosity↗
PubMed1977

Comparison of human prostatic acid phosphatase by measurement of enzymatic activity and by radioimmunoassay.

We compared results of measurement of prostatic acid phosphatase activity in serum and various tissues by enzymatic assay and radioimmunoassay. By enzymatic assay, activity in serum is lost rapidly, even at room temperature. In contrast, there was no change in antigenic activity during 48 h by radioimmunoassay. The radioimmunoassay was more specific in 12 tissues and in serum than were several enzymatic assays that make use of inhibitors of the enzyme. The enzymatic assay resulted in 26.6% (24/90) false positives from non-prostatic cancer patients. In contrast, with radioimmunoassay there were only 5.5% (5/90) false positives. We conclude that immunological detection of prostatic acid phosphatase is the more reliable technique.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1977

Detection of endotoxin in biological products by the limulus test.

The limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test is established as a beneficial quality assurance measure for the parenteral drug industry because of its sensitivity, specificity, and simplicity. Limulus amebocyte lysate reacts with various forms of endotoxin to form an opaque gel under acceptable conditions of pH, temperature, and ionic content. Although certain materials and conditions may alter the lysate-endotoxin reaction, the test is not significantly limited by inhibition or non-specific activation. Many U.S. drug firms apply the LAL test generally for monitoring production water and other ingredients, for an in-process control, and as a supplemental end product test for pyrogenic contamination. Specific applications are made for bacterial and viral vaccines, antineoplastic agents, radiopharmaceuticals and drugs designed for intrathecal injection. Efforts to standardize LAL test technique and lysate potency continue.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Isozymes of acid phosphatase in normal and cancerous human prostatic tissue.

The supernatants of the homogenates from normal and cancerous human prostatic tissue run on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis have 2 major electrophoretic bands when stained for prostatic acid phosphatase. The ratios of the electrophoretically distinguishable isoenzymes differ in normal and cancerous tissues. Similar distinctions between isoenzymes in normal and cancerous prostates are observed following column chromatographic separation or isoelectric focusing. The faster electrophoretic band can be separated by diethylaminoethyl cellulose column chromatography or by isoelectric focusing into at least five fractions with different electrophoretic mobilities. We could not find any differences in normal and cancerous tissues among these subfractions of the faster-moving electrophoretic band. Analysis by gel electrophoresis does not show association between these fractions after chromatographic or isoelectric separation of the prostatic acid phosphatase fractions. Quantitative, but no qualitative, differences in prostatic acid phosphatase isozymes occur in normal versus cancerous prostates.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1976

Production of specific antibody to purified prostatic acid phosphatase.

Prostatic acid phosphatase may well be a prime antigenic protein in prostatic tissue and fluid. Extraction of the enzyme in highly purified form from prostatic fluid and benign hypertrophic prostatic tissue provides a unique antigen capable of inducing a prompt and specific antibody response in the goat and rabbit as amnifested by immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis, and immunofluorescence techniques. In prostatic cancer patients with elevated serum acid phosphatase levels it is possible to detect humoral circulating PAP antigen by standard immunoelectrophoretic methods and to confirm the existence of the enzyme by radioautography, L-tartrate inhibition, and the Gomori or Burstone staining procedures. Preliminary indirect prostatic immunofluorescence studies consistently demonstrated characteristic fluorescent foci in the paranuclear areas of benign prostatic epithelial cells, the presumed area of synthesis of prostatic acid phosphatase. Consideration has been given to the possibility of the development of a radioimmunoassay for prostatic acid phosphataase utilizing a heterolologous antiserum to the enzyme extracted from human prostatic fluid.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1975

Clinical experience with supervoltage radiotherapy in carcinoma of the prostate: a preliminary report.

A review was done on 88 cases of carcinoma of the prostate treated with supervoltage radiotherapy and evaluated at regular intervals with post-treatment needle biopsies. A disturbing 58 per cent (45 of 77 cases) had histologic evidence of residual carcinoma at 1 year post-radiation. In 47 per cent (21 of 45 cases) of patients receiving 7,000 to 7,500R the biopsies were positive. No undue morbidity was experienced with radiation levels at 7,000R. Prostatic needle biopsy is considered mandatory for adequate clinical evaluation post-radiation. Since 41 per cent of patients judged radioresponsive on rectal palpation had positive biopsies at 12 months the data indicate considerable error in the clinical assessment of the irradiated prostate when reliance is placed solely on digital evaluation.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

A solid-phase radioimmunoassay for human prostatic acid phosphatase.

A solid-phase technique for radioimmunoassay of human prostatic acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) is described. Human prostatic acid phosphatase was purified from prostatic fluid. Monospecific antisera to the purified acid phosphatase were produced in rabbits. Disposable polypropylene tubes were coated with antiserum and used for radioimmunoassay with 125I-acid phosphatase. The nonspecific binding was minimized by saturating the binding sites of the tubes with bovine serum albumin. The working range of the technique was 1 to 30 ng of antigen. The solid-phase radioimmunoassay is rapid, sensitive, and efficient. In preliminary clinical trials it was shown that (a) patients with advanced prostatic cancer had elevated prostatic acid phosphatase levels by both enzymatic assay and radioimmunoassay assays, and (b) patients with other cancers were in the normal range for prostatic acid phosphatase.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1975

Endotoxin as a cause of aseptic meningitis after radionuclide cisternography.

The role of pyrogens in aseptic meningitis after radionuclide cisternography was studied by means of the Limulus test, a sensitive detector of endotoxin. During a 15-month period, 39 reactions associated with cisternography were reported. Ten samples of specific lots of the radioactive drugs implicated in 20 of these reactions were tested and all reacted strongly positive to the Limulus test. The less sensitive rabbit pyrogen test was negative for these preparations when tested on a dose-per-weight basis. Our findings apparently provide clinical evidence for the observation made in animals that endotoxin is at least 1,000 times more toxic intrathecally than intravenously. The data implicate endotoxin contamination as a cause of adverse reactions to radionuclide cisternography. We conclude that the USP pyrogen test is insufficiently sensitive for intrathecal injectables and should be supplemented by the Limulus test.

Arachnida↗
PubMed1975

Enhancing effect of surfactant and protein on hydrolysis of thymolphthalein monophosphate by purified prostatic acid phosphatase.

Purified prostatic acid phosphatase catalyzes the hydrolysis of thymolphthalein monophosphate 10-fold faster if an optimal concentration of Brij 35 (a wetting agent) or protein (bovine serum albumin or human serum proteins) is present. Results of gel filtration, dialysis, and sucrose density-gradient centrifugation analysis suggest that the substrate must combine with detergent or protein before the enzyme can catalyze its hydrolysis.

Acid Phosphatase↗