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Biomedical subjects

J F Clarkin

Publications and source records attributed to J F Clarkin.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

The 1990s and beyond.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Accounts Payable and Receivable↗
PubMed1988

Inpatient family intervention: a randomized clinical trial. II. Results at hospital discharge.

Although family intervention is practiced in most psychiatric hospitals, to our knowledge, no adequately controlled studies of its efficacy exist. This study was designed to answer, in part, the question of the relative efficacy of hospitalization with family intervention as compared with hospitalization without family intervention for patients (1) with major psychiatric disorders, (2) in need of hospital treatment, and (3) for whom both treatments are judged clinically feasible. This article compares treatment results at the time of hospital discharge for 169 patients randomly assigned to the inpatient Family Intervention or comparison conditions. Inpatient Family Intervention had greater efficacy than the comparison treatment, mostly attributable to its effect on female patients, especially those patients (and their families) with affective disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

A randomized clinical trial of inpatient family intervention, III: Effects at 6-month and 18-month follow-ups.

This paper focuses on the follow-up results of a randomized clinical trial of inpatient family intervention (IFI) that emphasized psychoeducation. Results for the sample of 169 psychiatric patients suggested that adding family treatment to standard hospital treatment was effective; however, the statistical interactions indicated that this therapeutic effect was restricted to female patients with schizophrenia or major affective disorder. The effect of family treatment on male patients with these diagnoses was minimal or slightly negative. In a group of patients with other diagnoses, the Treatment by Sex effect was reversed: male patients did better with the family treatment.

Affective Disorders, Psychotic↗
PubMed1987

Therapeutic alliance and hospital treatment outcome.

The effect of therapeutic alliance on treatment outcome in a stratified sample of 96 hospital inpatients was assessed by means of a 6-point alliance scale as well as by demographic, treatment history, and psychopathological data. Alliance was correlated with improvement at discharge but not with demographic or prior treatment characteristics. Symptom patterns and personality dysfunction were shown to be differentially related to the quality of the alliance. Patients with axis I substance abuse, adjustment, and somatoform disorders had the poorest alliance and the poorest outcomes. The authors generated a model to predict outcome of hospital treatment, using patient alliance ratings, axis I and II diagnoses and their combinations, and admission Global Assessment Scale scores.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed1985

A controlled evaluation of inpatient family intervention. I. Preliminary results of the six-month follow-up.

Although family intervention is practiced in most psychiatric hospitals, there are no adequately controlled studies of its efficacy. This study was designed to answer, in part, the following question: What is the relative efficacy of hospitalization with family intervention as compared with hospitalization without family intervention for patients with major psychiatric disorders who are in need of hospital treatment and for whom both treatments are judged clinically feasible? This is our first report, presenting preliminary data on six-month follow-up for the first three quarters of the total sample of 144 patients (80 with schizophrenic disorder and 64 with major affective disorder).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Discriminant validity of the MMPI for borderline personality disorder.

This study explores the discriminant validity of the MMPI in relationship to the DSM-III and the Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines (DIB) constructs of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). A two-way analysis of variance model assessed differences between inpatients (n = 42) and outpatients (n = 42) and between BPD and nonBPD patients. We compare the best discriminant model for the current samples with previous BPD discriminant functions. The present study assesses a wider range of psychopathology in which the MMPI appears to be relatively insensitive to the BPD construct while retaining the high specificity reported in previous studies. Implications for the use of the MMPI as a diagnostic instrument are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Diagnostic efficiency and DSM-III.

This study critiques and extends the DSM-III use of fixed and explicit criteria by applying principles and statistics common within actuarial decision theory (eg, conditional probabilities). The value and limitations of sensitivity and specificity rates are discussed and compared with an interesting but rarely used statistic, positive predictive power. The statistics and analyses provided herein also provide an empirical method for developing diagnostic criteria and determining when and how the DSM-III cutoff points might be adjusted, recognize the importance of base rates and utilities to efficient diagnosis, and provide an explicit, quantitative means by which to make optimal differential diagnoses and to make use of the overlap among psychiatric diagnoses. The issues are illustrated in the differential diagnosis of the Borderline Personality Disorder, but they have a relevance to the development and application of the other DSM-III diagnoses.

Borderline Personality Disorder↗
PubMed1984

Assessing borderline personality disorder with self-report, clinical interview, or semistructured interview.

The authors compared three methods of assessing borderline personality disorders. Test-retest reliability for the self-report Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire was adequate and compared favorably with the interrater reliability of the DSM-III-oriented clinical interview and the semistructured research interview. The overall prevalence of personality disorders scored on the questionnaire was similar to that generated by the clinical interview. The specificity and sensitivity of the questionnaire for the diagnosis of borderline personality disorder were slightly higher than 60%, which suggests that it may be a useful and economical instrument for identifying patients with borderline personality disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

DSM-III and family therapy.

In its current form, DSM-III is of only limited value to family therapists. The authors suggest several innovations that might render future nomenclatures more useful. Axis II ratings that are interpersonal and dimensional, rather than individual and categorical, might provide important additional data for predicting and planning a family intervention. Several available family classifications suggest ways in which to derive an axis VI rating of family functioning. The authors address a number of conceptual issues that make family classification especially interesting and difficult.

Family↗
PubMed1984

Reliability of criteria for borderline personality disorder: a comparison of DSM-III and the Diagnostic Interview for Borderline Patients.

The authors compared the reliability of two methods of distinguishing borderline personality disorder--DSM-III and the Diagnostic Interview for Borderline Patients. The reference group, outpatients with other personality disorders and without major axis I pathology, was more difficult to distinguish from the patients with borderline personality disorder than such groups used in previous samples. The sensitivity and specificity of the Diagnostic Interview for Borderline Patients were calculated, with DSM-III used as a criterion. The findings confirm considerable overlap between borderline and schizotypal personality disorders, more impairment in functioning in borderline patients than in those with other personality disorders, and the high reliability with which borderline personality disorder can be diagnosed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Affective and character pathology of suicidal adolescent and young adult inpatients.

Psychiatric diagnoses and severity of suicide attempts were compared between adolescents (14-19 years) and young adults (20-35 years) with depressed mood hospitalized following a suicide attempt. The depressive disorders manifested by the two age groups, determined by semi-structured interview, were basically the same. The degree of lethality and frequency of suicide attempts were approximately equal in the two groups. Adolescents in this investigation who manifested the same behaviors as older patients were diagnosable by the same criteria.

Adolescent↗