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Biomedical subjects

J F Carroll

Publications and source records attributed to J F Carroll.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Attempted transmission of Ehrlichia risticii by field-captured Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae).

The capability of field-collected American dog ticks, Dermacentor variabilis, to infect horses with Ehrlichia risticii, causative agent of Potomac horse fever (PHF), was examined by allowing adult ticks collected from horse farms with a history of PHF to feed on susceptible horses. More than 500 male and female ticks attached and fed on 3 test horses; however, no clinical or serologic evidence of PHF was observed in treated or control horses. All horses were challenge exposed with E risticii-infective blood by inoculation at 60 to 65 days after ticks fed, and all developed clinical PHF with subsequent seroconversion. The data, therefore, indicated that adult D variabilis, a common parasite of horses on Maryland premises where PHF is enzootic, may not serve as a vector of E risticii.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The Substance Abuse Problem Checklist: a new clinical aid for drug and/or alcohol treatment dependency.

The Substance Abuse Problem Checklist (SAPC) is a self-administered pencil and paper inventory designed specifically to facilitate the counseling of drug and/or alcohol dependent patients. The SAPC provides a cost-effective, quick means of obtaining relevant information about personal and environmental (home, work, neighborhood) problems-in-living which patients typically have when seeking/entering treatment. The orientation of the SAPC is pragmatic and reflects AA and NA's emphasis on taking a personal inventory. The SAPC offers a variety of treatment, research, and administrative uses. Initial studies indicate high reliability.

Environment↗
PubMed1981

Perspectives on marijuana use and abuse and recommendations for preventing abuse.

Survey research on levels of use and attitudes toward marijuana by youth indicate a consistently favorable attitude toward occasional, moderate use. Use of marijuana is contrasted with the use of alcohol and tobacco by youth. Research findings re the dangers of marijuana use are summarized. The inability of legislators and law enforcement personnel to control access to and use of marijuana, coupled with the high cost of our present legal response to the marijuana challenge, leads to recommending legalization of marijuana, as well as, developing a generic primary prevention program for marijuana abuse which features distinguishing "responsible use" from "abuse." Criteria for judging marijuana abuse are provided.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Uncovering drug abuse by alcoholics and alcohol abuse by addicts.

Substance abuse histories from 1,544 men and women receiving treatment at 10 federally funded centers indicated that 80% had abused, either sequentially and/or concurrently, two or more substances at some time during their lives. The equivalent figure for the last 3 months before being interviewed was 56%. These data indicated a preponderance of multiple substance abuse, especially of alcohol and various other drugs, over single substance abuse (SSA). SSA nearly always involved alcohol and was reported mostly by those 40 years or older. Lines of inquiry for diagnosing alcohol abuse by addicts and drug abuse by alcoholics are provided.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

De subitaneis mortibus. XXX. Observations on the pathophysiology of the long QT syndromes with special reference to the neuropathology of the heart.

Eight patients (different families) with syncopal attacks and a long QT interval in the ECG died suddenly. Five heard normally and three were born deaf. At postmortem examination of all eight hearts the single consistent abnormality was focal neuritis and neural degeneration within the sinus node, A-V node, His bundle and ventricular myocardium. Although the etiology of this intracardiac neural disease is uncertain, a chronic viral infection or some noninfectious degenerative process are among the plausible causes discussed. If intracardiac neuritis and neural degeneration prove to be a prevalent finding among other victims dying from the long QT syndromes, further consideration should be given to whether there is any genuine hereditary component in the pathogenesis. Because of the asymmetrical and focal distribution of the cardioneural lesions, the response to present forms of medical or surgical treatment of the lung QT syndromes may vary from benefit to harm. Until more is known of the true etiology of the neural disease, treatment will probably remain empirical in nature and should be conducted with cautious clinical observation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Alcohol by drug-dependent persons: a literature review and evaluation.

The literature review very clearly indicated that the majority of drug-dependent persons abused alcohol before becoming addicted to other drugs such as heroin. A conservative estimate of this form of sequential multiple substance abuse would include 80% of all drug-dependent persons. The literature also indicated that substantial numbers of drug-dependent persons used alcohol as a substitute for their preferred drug(s) of abuse, as well as a means of boosting, balancing, counteracting, or sustaining the effects of the other drug(s). Based on the literature, this form of concurrent multiple substance abuse would be evident in the substance abuse histories of at least 30% of all drug-dependent persons. The pernicious effects of alcohol abuse among methadone maintenance patients is documented and discussed, including the medical hazards associated with alcohol-drug abuse. Data from the DARP and CODAP national data systems are also reviewed and discussed. Recommendations for future treatment, prevention, and research on this subject are provided.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Drug abuse by alcoholics and problem drinkers: a literature review and evaluation.

The estimate of drug abuse by alcoholics and problem drinkers in the literature varies from a low of 1% to a high of 90%. These studies, coupled with data from the National Drug/Alcohol Collaborative Project (NDACP), led us to estimate the figure to lie somewhere between 60 and 80%, being somewhat higher for individuals under 40 than over 40. Some explanations for the increased occurrence of this form of multiple substance abuse are provided. Problems associated with investigating this phenomenon are discussed and illustrated. Physiological and medical complications associated with drug and alcohol abuse are also cited.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1977

Combined treatment of alcohol- and drug-dependent persons: a literature review and evaluation.

A review of the substance abuse field literature concerning combined treatment of alcoholic and drug-dependent persons indicates a moderately favorable, albeit cautious degree of support for doing combined treatment. With only one exception, all of the published reports of clinical experience with combined treatment were positive. Research evidence comparing substance-specific treatment and combined treatment, however, was conspicuous by its absence. Social forces contributing to the creation of an atmosphere conductive to experimenting with combined treatment are discussed. Finally, a series of questions is raised which will likely determine the speed by which the substance abuse field as a whole will move toward adopting a combined treatment approach.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1976

Cerebrospinal fluid IgG level in herpes simplex encephalitis.

Elevated levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were associated with elevated herpes antibody in the CSF in a case of herpes simplex encephalitis. The case was also characterized by a prolonged course and a difficult virus isolation.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1975

"Mental illness" and "disease": outmoded concepts in alcohol and drug rehabilitation.

Are the addict and alcoholic mentally ill? By traditional standards, yes. The validity of the "mental illness" concept and its associated psychiatric labeling process, however, is challenged. A synthesis of the human ecological systems and third-force frames of reference is presented as a viable alternative to the medical "disease" model of alcoholism and drug dependency. According to the proposed disease model, "alcoholism," "addiction," and "mental illness" are considered to be modes of coping with pain and anger associated with a person's participating in social systems that frustrate self-actualization and diminish self-esteem. Combined treatment of "alcoholics," "addicts," and "nonaddicted psychiatric patients" is supported with qualifications.

Adaptation, Psychological↗