Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J F Allilaire

Publications and source records attributed to J F Allilaire.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Practical considerations in initial treatment].

The initial treatment for a depressive episode corresponds to the early period of treatment for depression--the period which precedes what is called the phase of consolidatory treatment, which itself is eventually followed by maintenance treatment. Its precise adjustment has been the object of many pharmacological studies, but nevertheless remains largely empirical. The choice of an antidepressant depends on the therapeutic response obtained during previous episodes. The choice of dosage, on the other hand, is well standardised. The essential element is to oversee the treatment, both to detect and correct undesirable effects as well as to improve the target symptoms. Certain therapeutic considerations must be put into practice according to the types of depressive swings, such as secondary depression, chronic depression, manic depression, and atypical depressions. In any event the initial treatment of all depressions remains largely empirical at the present time, and depends on knowledge of the management of antidepressant substances, particularly since the appearance of new families of MAOIs and 5HT agonists.

Antidepressive Agents↗
PubMed1994

[Dysthymia: a model of the interaction between personality traits and psychopathologic state?].

The subtlety and complexity of the relationships between biology and psychology are nowhere more important than in the study of personality and dysthymic states. The study of personality and affective illness can aid in understanding the relationship between temperamental factors and personality, delineating the role of mood in personality development and expression, generating theories about the impact of personality structure on the clinical presentation of symptoms and identifying personality predictors on treatment responsiveness and compliance.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1991

The estimated density of D2 striatal receptors in schizophrenia. A study with positron emission tomography and 76Br-bromolisuride.

The striatal D2 receptors of 19 untreated schizophrenics and 14 normal control subjects were investigated with PET and 76Br-bromolisuride. The ratio of radioactivity in the striatum to that in the cerebellum was taken as an index of the striatal D2 receptor density. There was no significant difference between the control and the schizophrenic groups, nor any difference between subgroups of patients defined by clinical type or course of illness, and no relationship between the striatum:cerebellum activity ratio and SANS or SAPS ratings of symptoms. Unlike in the controls, this ratio was not correlated with age in schizophrenics. This study suggests that there is no quantitative abnormality of striatal D2 dopamine receptors in schizophrenia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Obsessive-compulsive disorder: a clinical, neuropsychological and positron emission tomography study.

The authors compared 16 nondepressed obsessive-compulsive patients (OCS) with 8 normal controls (NC) of similar age for resting-state regional cerebral glucose metabolic rates (rCMRglu) using positron emission tomography with the fluorodeoxyglucose method. OCS were rated for clinical data, and a neuropsychological battery was administered to 14 patients on the day of the scan. Absolute rCMRglu for whole cortex, and normalized prefrontal lateral cortex metabolic rates, were both significantly lower in OCS than in NC. No significant difference between treated (n = 10) and drug-free (n = 6) OCS was found for those variables. OCS were significantly impaired in the neuropsychological tasks assessing memory and attention. The rCMRglu for prefrontal lateral cortex were negatively correlated to Stroop-test subscores. This "frontal-oriented" task assessed the ability of OCS to inhibit immediate but inappropriate responses. These results suggest, in OCS, a modification of the general activating systems of cortical function and a relationship between the lateral prefrontal rCMRglu decrease and a selective attention deficit.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Subjective bias in reports of poor work adjustment in depressed patients.

Twenty-five depressed inpatients were asked to report their adjustment at work during the 4-month period preceding their hospitalization. Two separate reports were given: the first during the acute illness phase and the second one 10-28 days later, after symptomatic remission following standardized pharmacotherapy. Thirty-two percent more patient ratings showed absence of adjustment problems on the second report compared with the first. Significant differences between the 2 reports were found in 7 of the 9 items on the Structured and Scaled Interview to Assess Maladjustment, which is designed to assess specific aspects of maladjustment at work. The changes in the scores of maladjustment correlated with the changes in the scores of depressive symptoms, and 40% of the variation in maladjustment scores was accounted for by the pessimism item of the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale. Much of the poor work adjustment reported by the acutely depressed patients thus seems to be caused by symptom-related subjective bias.

Adult↗